Understanding the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in voice production is essential to incorporating principles of neuroplasticity into therapeutic practice for voice disorders. Early steps to attaining this goal require the identification of specific neural biomarkers of the changes occurring in the CNS from a voice disorder and its subsequent treatment. In the absence of an adequate animal vocalization model, the larynx has not been acutely and reversibly perturbed to concurrently examine the effect on both peripheral and central processing of the altered input/output. Using a unique, reversible perturbation approach, it was the purpose of this study to perturb the larynx to mimic a voice disorder and study short-term neuroplastic response. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was the neuroimaging tool of choice for this study due to its superior spatial and temporal resolution. The voice was perturbed by anesthetizing the right recurrent laryngeal nerve, with a solution of lidocaine hydrochloride and epinephrine to induce a temporary right vocal fold paralysis. The paralysis lasted for approximately 90 minutes and had an overt presentation similar to that of a true vocal fold paralysis. Behavioral and fMRI data were obtained at three time points- baseline, during the vocal fold paralysis and one hour after recovery. Patterns of activity on fMRI during the three time points were found to be distinct on both subjective examination and statistical analysis. The regions of interest examined had distinct trends in activity as a function of the paralysis. Interestingly, males and females responded differently to the paralysis and its subsequent recovery. Strong correlation was not observed between the behavioral measures and fMRI activity reflecting a disparity between the overt presentation and recovery of vocal fold paralysis and cortical activity as seen on fMRI. The fictive paralysis model employed in this study provided a perturbation model for phonation that allowed us to examine behavioral and central neural correlates for disordered phonation in a controlled environment. Although this data is representative of acute changes from a transient paralysis, it provides an insight into the response of the cortex to sudden perturbation at the peripheral phonatory mechanism.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune syndrome characterized by a severe and rapid onset of paralysis that ascends without warning. It has an unknown aetiology and is generally unknown by most people, including medical professionals. When a person who has had GBS is asked to speak about their experience, they are likely to talk about aspects of it that are personally meaningful. Their account can be likened to a story in that it collates seemingly unconnected facts, episodes of activity and emotional attributions into a sequence that provides knowledge and understanding. A story is a powerful form for expressing suffering and experiences and so is particularly suitable for the study of trauma and illness. The actual process of creating the story, plus its presentational and organisational forms, provides sources for uncovering the identities authors choose to create and present of themselves. Six people who have had GBS were interviewed about their experience, and their stories were analysed using a narrative inquiry to discern the meanings attributed to GBS from the participants’ own understandings and perspectives. The intended focus of the research was holistic and content based. The result of the narrative inquiry was a plot common to all six narratives. Namely, GBS is an inexplicable condition, during which horrendous things happen, but people do recover with time and it is likely their life view will be changed in the process. Four fundamental issues, identity, meaning, making sense and meaningfulness were drawn from the stories and configured into a narrative of the researcher’s making. What the participants chose to speak about became the meanings, or themes, major and minor, of their stories. No event has meaning in itself, however traumatic events can precipitate crises of meaning. When these crises are viewed within the context of other events, and are perceived to add value to life, then they have meaningfulness. In the telling of meanings and meaningfulness, the purpose for storying and the audience to whom the story is directed are the criteria for which the storylines are chosen. Both the story and the storying provide opportunities for the authors to create and offer images of themselves, that are then open to interpretation by an audience. As a traumatic experience, GBS enabled six people to tell their stories. In doing so they were able to make sense of important issues for themselves, and re-examine the way they saw themselves and the world.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune syndrome characterized by a severe and rapid onset of paralysis that ascends without warning. It has an unknown aetiology and is generally unknown by most people, including medical professionals. When a person who has had GBS is asked to speak about their experience, they are likely to talk about aspects of it that are personally meaningful. Their account can be likened to a story in that it collates seemingly unconnected facts, episodes of activity and emotional attributions into a sequence that provides knowledge and understanding. A story is a powerful form for expressing suffering and experiences and so is particularly suitable for the study of trauma and illness. The actual process of creating the story, plus its presentational and organisational forms, provides sources for uncovering the identities authors choose to create and present of themselves. Six people who have had GBS were interviewed about their experience, and their stories were analysed using a narrative inquiry to discern the meanings attributed to GBS from the participants’ own understandings and perspectives. The intended focus of the research was holistic and content based. The result of the narrative inquiry was a plot common to all six narratives. Namely, GBS is an inexplicable condition, during which horrendous things happen, but people do recover with time and it is likely their life view will be changed in the process. Four fundamental issues, identity, meaning, making sense and meaningfulness were drawn from the stories and configured into a narrative of the researcher’s making. What the participants chose to speak about became the meanings, or themes, major and minor, of their stories. No event has meaning in itself, however traumatic events can precipitate crises of meaning. When these crises are viewed within the context of other events, and are perceived to add value to life, then they have meaningfulness. In the telling of meanings and meaningfulness, the purpose for storying and the audience to whom the story is directed are the criteria for which the storylines are chosen. Both the story and the storying provide opportunities for the authors to create and offer images of themselves, that are then open to interpretation by an audience. As a traumatic experience, GBS enabled six people to tell their stories. In doing so they were able to make sense of important issues for themselves, and re-examine the way they saw themselves and the world.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune syndrome characterized by a severe and rapid onset of paralysis that ascends without warning. It has an unknown aetiology and is generally unknown by most people, including medical professionals. When a person who has had GBS is asked to speak about their experience, they are likely to talk about aspects of it that are personally meaningful. Their account can be likened to a story in that it collates seemingly unconnected facts, episodes of activity and emotional attributions into a sequence that provides knowledge and understanding. A story is a powerful form for expressing suffering and experiences and so is particularly suitable for the study of trauma and illness. The actual process of creating the story, plus its presentational and organisational forms, provides sources for uncovering the identities authors choose to create and present of themselves. Six people who have had GBS were interviewed about their experience, and their stories were analysed using a narrative inquiry to discern the meanings attributed to GBS from the participants’ own understandings and perspectives. The intended focus of the research was holistic and content based. The result of the narrative inquiry was a plot common to all six narratives. Namely, GBS is an inexplicable condition, during which horrendous things happen, but people do recover with time and it is likely their life view will be changed in the process. Four fundamental issues, identity, meaning, making sense and meaningfulness were drawn from the stories and configured into a narrative of the researcher’s making. What the participants chose to speak about became the meanings, or themes, major and minor, of their stories. No event has meaning in itself, however traumatic events can precipitate crises of meaning. When these crises are viewed within the context of other events, and are perceived to add value to life, then they have meaningfulness. In the telling of meanings and meaningfulness, the purpose for storying and the audience to whom the story is directed are the criteria for which the storylines are chosen. Both the story and the storying provide opportunities for the authors to create and offer images of themselves, that are then open to interpretation by an audience. As a traumatic experience, GBS enabled six people to tell their stories. In doing so they were able to make sense of important issues for themselves, and re-examine the way they saw themselves and the world.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed Mar. 31, 2010). Additional advisors: N. Shastry Akella, James E. Cox, Gitendra Uswatte, Victor W. Mark. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-60).

Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-91).

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala University, 1983. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-42).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Agustinelli.pdf: 668308 bytes, checksum: cbdac43a54747eab3daf40bdf56441c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-26 / Before the suffering and the issues faced by parents of children with a diagnosis of brain paralysis, this paper seeks to investigate the parents psychodynamics and adaptation aspects. A clinical study was carried out involving two fathers and two mothers of children with brain paralysis from 1 to 5 years old. These parents were interviewed guided by an adaptation scale s standards (EDAO) and by a projective test which revealed that the parents had gone through a critical period after knowing about their child s diagnosis and nowadays are classified with Inefficient Adaptation. Two fathers and one mother were classified with Severe Inefficient Adaptation and one mother was classified with Moderate Inefficient Adaptation. It has been identified that those parents use primitive defense mechanisms when facing the suffering caused by their children s deficiency. It has been concluded that the parents internal resources have been preponderant to their adaptation and the brain paralysis of the children affected all the adaptation sectors of the parents.(AU) / Diante do sofrimento e das questões enfrentadas por pais e mães de crianças diagnosticadas com paralisia cerebral, o presente trabalho estudou aspectos psicodinâmicos e adaptativos. Para tanto, foi realizado estudo clínico, de recorte diagnóstico, em que participaram dois pais e duas mães de crianças com paralisia cerebral que contavam de 1 a 5 anos de idade. Os pais e mães passaram por entrevistas clínicas preventivas orientadas pela EDAO e pela técnica de Desenho-Estória com Tema. A análise do material obtido indicou que todos eles passaram por período de crise após a notícia do diagnóstico da criança e, na atualidade, foram classificados como tendo Adaptação Ineficaz, sendo que os dois pais e uma mãe tinham Adaptação Ineficaz Severa, uma mãe Adaptação Ineficaz Moderada. Com relação aos aspectos intra-píquicos, foram identificadas defesas primitivas nessa lida com o sofrimento ocasionado pela deficiência da criança. Concluiu-se que os recursos internos anteriores ao nascimento da criança e à própria personalidade de cada pai/mãe foi preponderante em sua adaptação e que a paralisia cerebral da criança afetou todos os setores adaptativos dos pais e mães.(AU)

Submitted by ADAMAS TASSINARI BONFADA null (adamasb@gmail.com) on 2018-03-27T18:57:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Adamas_Tassinari_Bonfada.pdf: 2239986 bytes, checksum: 3c02247506a6cf8c070fea8a0f8a3862 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-03-28T12:49:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bonfada_at_dr_jabo.pdf: 2239986 bytes, checksum: 3c02247506a6cf8c070fea8a0f8a3862 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-28T12:49:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bonfada_at_dr_jabo.pdf: 2239986 bytes, checksum: 3c02247506a6cf8c070fea8a0f8a3862 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-05 / As afecções respiratórias com sede em faringe, laringe e traqueia podem ter sinais clínicos que dificultam o diagnóstico. As técnicas atuais de videodiagnóstico permitem a diferenciação destas alterações com mais acurácia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a videolaringoscopia como ferramenta importante para o auxílio no diagnóstico acurado de alterações da laringe em cães, através de três artigos, sendo um em forma de breve revisão de literatura, o segundo, um estudo retrospectivo com ênfase na região metropolitana de Salvador e, por fim, para o terceiro artigo, escolheu-se um dos casos para detalhamento em forma de outro artigo devido a sua excentricidade. Como material e métodos do estudo foram avaliados o histórico dos pacientes e o diagnóstico das alterações encontradas na videolaringoscopia durante o período determinado. Como critérios de inclusão estão o histórico clínico, a indicação para a videolaringoscopia, o resultado do exame, os detalhes sobre as alterações, as indicações clínicas ou cirúrgicas e a anestesia específica realizada para avaliar paralisia laríngea. Outros detalhes como o seguimento dos pacientes após o exame e após o tratamento aplicado também foram anotados e analisados, mas a ausência desses registros não excluiu os pacientes do estudo. Dos 19 pacientes 11 apresentavam palato mole alongado (todos braquicefálicos), nove manifestavam-se com colapso traqueal, nove com colapso laríngeo em grau I, cinco com paralisia laríngea, três com retroversão da epiglote, três com colapso laríngeo em grau III, um com edema da mucosa subepiglote, um paciente apresentou sialocele faríngea, um com colapso laríngeo de grau II e um teve um corpo estranho removido. Foram realizados procedimentos cirúrgicos de epiglotepexia, epiglotectomia, estafilectomia, ressecção de sacos laríngeos, lateralização das cartilagens aritenoides e correção nasal. As raças mais acometidas foram Pug, seguida de American Bully, Border Collie, Buldogue Francês, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Pitbull Terrier, Buldogue Inglês, Maltês, Poodle e Yorkshire Terrier e SRD. Os resultados deste trabalho permitiram concluir que não há uma amostra homogênea de raças com dispneia, embora cães braquicefálicos tenham maior representatividade. A videolaringoscopia foi definitiva para o diagnóstico correto em todos os pacientes com dispneia, foi determinante para indicar o tratamento adequado aos pacientes e teve papel fundamental na condução dos casos analisados. / Upper respiratory diseases affecting pharynx, larynx and trachea may be presented with clinical signs with difficulty diagnostic. The current techniques of videodiagnosis allow the differentiation of these alterations with more accuracy. The objective of this study was to characterize videolaryngoscopy as an important tool to help accurate diagnosis of laryngeal changes in dogs. For this, it is presented three articles, one in the form of a brief review of the literature, the second a retrospective study with emphasis on the metropolitan region of Salvador-BA and, finally, for the third article, one of the cases was chosen for detailing in the form of another article due to its eccentricity. As material and methods of the study were evaluated the history of the patients and the diagnosis of the alterations found in videolaryngoscopy during the determined period. Inclusion criteria include clinical history, videolaryngoscopy indication, outcome of the examination, details of changes, clinical or surgical indications, and specific anesthesia performed to assess laryngeal paralysis. Other details such as follow-up of the patients after the examination and after the applied treatment were also noted and analyzed, but the absence of these records did not exclude patients from the study. Of the 19 patients, 11 had an elongated soft palate (all brachycephalic), nine had tracheal collapse, nine had laryngeal collapse in grade I, five had laryngeal paralysis, three had retroversion of the epiglottis, three had laryngeal collapse in grade III, one with edema of the subepiglote mucosa, one patient presented pharyngeal sialocele, one with grade II laryngeal collapse and one had a foreign body removed. Surgical procedures of epiglotepexy, epiglotectomy, staphylectomy, resection of laryngeal sacs, lateralization of arytenoid cartilages and nasal correction were performed. The most affected breeds were Pug, followed by American Bully, Border Collie, French Bulldog, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Pitbull Terrier, English Bulldog, Maltese, Poodle and Yorkshire Terrier and mixbreed. The results of this study allowed to conclude that there is no homogeneous sample of races with dyspnea, although brachycephalic breeds are more representative. The videophayngolaryngtracheoscopy was definitive for the correct diagnosis in all the patients with dyspnea, it was determinant to indicate the appropriate treatment to the patients and had a fundamental role in the conduction of the analyzed cases.