Thesis (M.S. in Engineering Acoustics)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007. / Thesis Advisor(s): Andrés Larraza, Bruce C. Denardo. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64). Also available in print.

published_or_final_version / Electrical and Electronic Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

published_or_final_version / Electrical and Electronic Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2003. / Includes bibliography.

Bragg reflection waveguides (BRW) or one-dimensional photonic bandgap structures have been demonstrated for phase-matching chi(2) nonlinearities in AlxGa1-xAs. The method exploits strong modal dispersion of a Bragg mode and total internal reflection modes co-propagating inside the waveguide. It is shown that phase-matching is attained among the lowest order modes of interacting harmonics, which allows maximizing the utilization of harmonics powers for nonlinear interactions. As our first demonstration, we report second-harmonic generation (SHG) of a 2-ps telecommunication pump in a 2.4 mm long slab BRW. The conversion efficiency is estimated as 2.0 %/W.cm^2 with a generated SH power of 729 nW. This efficiency has been considerably improved by introducing lateral confinement of optical modes in ridge structures. Characterizations denote that efficiency of SHG in ridge BRWs can increase by over an order of magnitude in comparison to that of the slab device. Also, we report continuous-wave SHG in BRWs. Using a telecommunication pump with a power of 98 mW, the continuous-wave SH power of 23 nW is measured in a 2.0 mm long device. Significant enhancements of chi(2) interactions is obtained in the modified design of matching-layer enhanced BRW (ML-BRW). For the first time, we report type-II SHG in ML-BRW, where the second-harmonic power of 60 µW is measured for a pump power of 3.3 mW in a 2.2 mm long sample. Also, we demonstrate the existence of type-0 SHG, where both pump and SH signal have an identical TM polarization state. It is shown that the efficiency of the type-0 process is comparable to type-I and type-II processes with the phase-matching wavelengths of all three interactions lying within a spectral window as small as 17 nm. ML-BRW is further reported for sum-frequency and difference-frequency generations. For applications requiring high pump power, a generalized ML-BRW design is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed structure offsets the destructive effects of third-order nonlinearities on chi(2) processes when high power harmonics are involved. This is carried out through incorporation of larger bandgap materials by using high aluminum content AlxGa1-xAs layers without undermining the nonlinear conversion efficiency. Theoretical investigations of BRWs as integrated sources of photon-pairs with frequency correlation properties are discussed. It is shown that the versatile dispersion properties in BRWs enables generation of telecommunication anti-correlated photon-pairs with bandwidth tunablity between 1 nm and 450 nm.

Bragg reflection waveguides (BRW) or one-dimensional photonic bandgap structures have been demonstrated for phase-matching chi(2) nonlinearities in AlxGa1-xAs. The method exploits strong modal dispersion of a Bragg mode and total internal reflection modes co-propagating inside the waveguide. It is shown that phase-matching is attained among the lowest order modes of interacting harmonics, which allows maximizing the utilization of harmonics powers for nonlinear interactions. As our first demonstration, we report second-harmonic generation (SHG) of a 2-ps telecommunication pump in a 2.4 mm long slab BRW. The conversion efficiency is estimated as 2.0 %/W.cm^2 with a generated SH power of 729 nW. This efficiency has been considerably improved by introducing lateral confinement of optical modes in ridge structures. Characterizations denote that efficiency of SHG in ridge BRWs can increase by over an order of magnitude in comparison to that of the slab device. Also, we report continuous-wave SHG in BRWs. Using a telecommunication pump with a power of 98 mW, the continuous-wave SH power of 23 nW is measured in a 2.0 mm long device. Significant enhancements of chi(2) interactions is obtained in the modified design of matching-layer enhanced BRW (ML-BRW). For the first time, we report type-II SHG in ML-BRW, where the second-harmonic power of 60 µW is measured for a pump power of 3.3 mW in a 2.2 mm long sample. Also, we demonstrate the existence of type-0 SHG, where both pump and SH signal have an identical TM polarization state. It is shown that the efficiency of the type-0 process is comparable to type-I and type-II processes with the phase-matching wavelengths of all three interactions lying within a spectral window as small as 17 nm. ML-BRW is further reported for sum-frequency and difference-frequency generations. For applications requiring high pump power, a generalized ML-BRW design is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed structure offsets the destructive effects of third-order nonlinearities on chi(2) processes when high power harmonics are involved. This is carried out through incorporation of larger bandgap materials by using high aluminum content AlxGa1-xAs layers without undermining the nonlinear conversion efficiency. Theoretical investigations of BRWs as integrated sources of photon-pairs with frequency correlation properties are discussed. It is shown that the versatile dispersion properties in BRWs enables generation of telecommunication anti-correlated photon-pairs with bandwidth tunablity between 1 nm and 450 nm.

Nonlinear optical interaction in quasi-phase-matched structures opens up unique possibilities to build compact and efficient parametric devices such as optical parametric oscillators, generators, and amplifiers with tailored spectral properties. The focus of this thesis is on novel parametric interactions with periodically-poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) as the parametric gain medium. Optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) are attractive light sources for many applications, particularly in spectroscopy, and plays a central role in this thesis. Special attention is put on simple, yet powerful, spectral-manipulation and bandwidth-narrowing techniques for OPOs. The overall knowledge gained from these studies has been used for device construction of several tunable ultraviolet sources for biological sensing. In the case of bandwidth narrowing, the observation of decreasing spectral bandwidth in a noncollinear, idler-resonant OPO, as compared with a signal-resonant one, has been found to be due to the interplay between the material properties and the angular dispersion of PPKTP. To further reduce the bandwidth, we have shown that it is very beneficial to replace the output mirror in an OPO with a bulk Bragg grating. In fact, even close to degeneracy, where the bandwidth is typically wide, this approach is able to decrease the bandwidth drastically. Moreover, different OPO cavity designs have been examined in order to spectrally manipulate the resonant waves. By deploying a grating in a ring OPO cavity, it becomes possible to access the resonant wave and spectrally manipulated it in a zero-dispersion arrangement; the filtered wave is subsequently sent back into its own cavity as a seed signal, in a self-seeding arrangement. This particular cavity design decreases the bandwidth close to ~ 1000 times as compare to the free-running mode. An interesting phenomenon arises when two mutually coherent laser beams are used to pump a linear OPO cavity. When the pump beams intersect within the PPKTP crystal, an interference grating is formed and acts as a catalyst for the generation of new spectral sidebands through multiple cascaded four-wave mixing, in the pump, the idler and the signal directions. The spacing of these sidebands is determined geometrically by the incident pump angle, while the signals are continuously tunable over the c-band telecom window (λ ~ 1.5 μm) by rotating the cavity. Ultrabroad bandwidths have been generated in an optical parametric generator (OPG) pumped by an amplified picosecond Ti:sapphire laser. In the collinear direction the output spectrum extends over three octaves in the mid-infrared region. This enormously broad spectrum is also Fourier-filtered and subsequently used for narrowband seeding of an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). Finally, the spectral range between 285 nm and 340 nm is of importance for detection of biological substances through fluorescence spectroscopy. With this spectral region in mind a practical way to generate a tunable parametric device in the ultraviolet region is presented in the thesis. The developed ultraviolet laser is used for studies of the characteristics of biological particles. The ultraviolet source and the results from these studies, will be utilized in an integrated detection system, a so called early-warning system. / QC 20100923

Orientadores: Hugo Enrique Hernandez Figueroa, Jorge Diego Marconi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T04:06:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RumaldoBustamante_YesicaRaquel_M.pdf: 23599528 bytes, checksum: 6361d5bb8b67de6d0a1d0e691d1040e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Nos últimos anos, dispositivos paramétricos baseados em fibras ópticas têm sido foco de interesse em diversas aplicações, sendo uma delas o trocador de comprimento de onda. No presente trabalho estudamos esse dispositivo, que, como todo dispositivo paramétrico, está baseado no efeito não-linear de mistura de quatro ondas. O trocador de comprimento de onda foi estudado através de simulações e experimentos. As simulações foram feitas utilizando o software comercial VPI Photonics. Esse software resolve a equação não-linear de Schrödinger utilizando o método Split Step Fourier para simular a propagação da luz ao longo da fibra óptica. Devido à importância das características da fibra no funcionamento do trocador de comprimento de onda, primeiramente utilizamos uma técnica baseada no fenômeno de instabilidade modulacional (amplificação de ruído) para obter parâmetros intrínsecos da fibra, tais como o coeficiente não-linear e o comprimento de onda de dispersão nula. Devido ao fato do trocador de comprimento de onda funcionar com bombeios de alta potência, o limiar de espalhamento Brillouin estimulado foi incrementado alargando a linha do laser de bombeio por modulação de fase. Essa modulação de fase foi otimizada para o dispositivo paramétrico estudado, conseguindo um aumento do limiar de 10 dB. Finalmente, foi construído um trocador de comprimento de onda com um segmento de 1 km de comprimento da fibra altamente não-linear previamente caracterizada...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: In recent years, parametric devices based on optical bers have been the focus of interest in many applications, being one of these applications the wavelength exchanger. In this work we study the wavelength exchanger in optical fibers which, as all parametric devices is based on the non-linear effect of four-wave mixing. The wavelength exchanger was studied through simulations and experiments. The simulations were performed by using a commercial software called VPI Photonics. This software solves the nonlinear Schrödinger equation by using the Split Step Fourier method to simulate the light propagation along the optical fiber. Since the fiber characteristics are very important for the performance of the exchanger, firstly a technique based on modulation instability was used to measure intrinsic parameters of the fibers, such as the nonlinear coefficient and the zero dispersion wavelength. Due to the fact that the exchanger works with high power pumps, the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold was increased by broadening the pump laser linewidth by phase modulation. Such a phase modulation was optimized for the studied parametric device, obtaining a threshold increase of 10dB. Finally, a wavelength exchanger was mounted with a 1km segment of the previously characterized fiber ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica