A obesidade é um importante problema de Saúde Pública e, segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) representa uma epidemia global. Nesse contexto, os adolescentes como foco de mudanças fisiológicas, anatômicas, culturais e sociais representam um grupo com elevado risco de obesidade e suas co-morbidades. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o possível efeito dos componentes da dieta sobre a atividade antioxidante da proteína paraoxonase (PON1) e o tamanho da HDL em adolescentes. Foram recrutados adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária de 10 a 19 anos e de escolas públicas da cidade de São Paulo. Os adolescentes foram distribuídos em três grupos: Eutrófico, Sobrepeso e Obeso, segundo COLE et al. (2000). Após jejum (12-15h) foi coletada uma amostra de sangue e a partir do plasma realizamos as seguintes análises: Perfil lipídico, apo A1, apo B, CETP, Tamanho da HDL (laser- scatering), Atividade da Paraoxonase. Foram coletadas informações antropométricas (peso, altura, circunferência da cintura, porcentagem de gordura corporal). A análise estatística foi realizada com o auxílio do programa SPSS&#174, com valor de significância de p< 0,05. Dos 242 indivíduos elegíveis, 94 (39%) foram meninos e 148 (61%) meninas, com idade média de 13,9 ± 2,3 anos. Baseados no IMC, os adolescentes foram distribuídos em três grupos: Eutrófico: n= 77 adolescentes (32%); Sobrepeso: n= 82 adolescentes (34%) e Obeso: n= 83 adolescentes (34%). Esses grupos não apresentaram diferenças significativas quanto ao sexo, escolaridade da mãe, renda, maturação sexual e história clínica atual. Considerando que os grupos apresentaram diferença significativa entre a idade, as análises estatísticas foram ajustadas por essa variável. As diferenças entre CC e porcentagem de gordura corporal confirmaram os resultados obtidos com o IMC. Verificamos também que os elevados valores de IMC favoreceram a hipertigliceridemia (p= 0,046), e aos baixos valores de HDL-C (p= 0,002). Entretanto, os valores de CETP variaram em função do IMC. Analisando as correlações verificamos que o IMC mostrou correlação positiva com concentração plasmática de colesterol total (r= 0,347 e p= 0,035) e de LDL-C (r= 0,353 e p= 0,032), confirmando o impacto negativo da obesidade sobre os fatores do perfil cardiometabólico. Na análise do TAM HDL não houve diferença significativa entre os 3 grupos. A PON apresentou diferença entre os grupos (p=0,001) o que favorece o seu efeito antioxidante e antiinflamatório. Portanto, os resultados obtidos até a presente data demonstram que adolescentes obesos, mesmo ainda considerados clinicamente saudáveis, apresentam diversos parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos alterados, o que indica o elevado risco cardiovascular dessa população. / Obesity is a major public health problem and, according to World Health Organization (WHO) is a global epidemic. In this context, adolescents as the focus of physiological changes, anatomical, cultural and social groups to represent a high risk of obesity and its comorbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of dietary components on the antioxidant activity of the protein paraoxonase (PON1) and HDL size in adolescents. We recruited adolescents of both sexes, aged from 10 to 19 years and public schools in São Paulo. The adolescents were divided into three groups: Well-nourished, overweight and obesity, according to Cole et al. (2000). After fasting (12-15h) was collected and a blood sample from the plasma to the following analysis: lipid profile, apo A1, apo B, CETP, HDL size (laser-scatering), of paraoxonase activity. Data were collected anthropometric (weight, height, waist circumference, percentage body fat). Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS software programSPSS&#174, with significance level of p <0.05. Of the 242 eligible individuals, 94 (39%) were boys and 148 (61%) girls, mean age 13.9 ± 2.3 years. Based on BMI, adolescents were divided into three groups: Eutrophic: n = 77 adolescents (32%) Overweight: n = 82 adolescents (34%) and obese: n = 83 adolescents (34%). These groups showed no significant differences regarding sex, maternal education, income, sexual maturation, and current medical history. Whereas the groups showed significant difference between age, statistical analysis was adjusted for this variable. The differences between CC and percentage of body fat confirmed the results obtained with BMI. We also found that high BMI values favored hipertigliceridemia (p = 0.046), and low HDL-C (p = 0.002). However, the values of CETP varied according to BMI. Analyzing the correlations we found that BMI was correlated positively with plasma total cholesterol (r = 0.347 and p = 0.035) and LDL-C (r = 0.353 and p = 0.032), confirming the negative impact of obesity on cardiovascular risk factors . In the analysis of TAM HDL no significant difference among the three groups. The PON was different between groups (p = 0.001) which favors the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, the results obtained to date show that obese adolescents, even those deemed clinically healthy, have several anthropometric and biochemical changes, which indicates that the high cardiovascular risk population.

A obesidade é um importante problema de Saúde Pública e, segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) representa uma epidemia global. Nesse contexto, os adolescentes como foco de mudanças fisiológicas, anatômicas, culturais e sociais representam um grupo com elevado risco de obesidade e suas co-morbidades. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o possível efeito dos componentes da dieta sobre a atividade antioxidante da proteína paraoxonase (PON1) e o tamanho da HDL em adolescentes. Foram recrutados adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária de 10 a 19 anos e de escolas públicas da cidade de São Paulo. Os adolescentes foram distribuídos em três grupos: Eutrófico, Sobrepeso e Obeso, segundo COLE et al. (2000). Após jejum (12-15h) foi coletada uma amostra de sangue e a partir do plasma realizamos as seguintes análises: Perfil lipídico, apo A1, apo B, CETP, Tamanho da HDL (laser- scatering), Atividade da Paraoxonase. Foram coletadas informações antropométricas (peso, altura, circunferência da cintura, porcentagem de gordura corporal). A análise estatística foi realizada com o auxílio do programa SPSS&#174, com valor de significância de p< 0,05. Dos 242 indivíduos elegíveis, 94 (39%) foram meninos e 148 (61%) meninas, com idade média de 13,9 ± 2,3 anos. Baseados no IMC, os adolescentes foram distribuídos em três grupos: Eutrófico: n= 77 adolescentes (32%); Sobrepeso: n= 82 adolescentes (34%) e Obeso: n= 83 adolescentes (34%). Esses grupos não apresentaram diferenças significativas quanto ao sexo, escolaridade da mãe, renda, maturação sexual e história clínica atual. Considerando que os grupos apresentaram diferença significativa entre a idade, as análises estatísticas foram ajustadas por essa variável. As diferenças entre CC e porcentagem de gordura corporal confirmaram os resultados obtidos com o IMC. Verificamos também que os elevados valores de IMC favoreceram a hipertigliceridemia (p= 0,046), e aos baixos valores de HDL-C (p= 0,002). Entretanto, os valores de CETP variaram em função do IMC. Analisando as correlações verificamos que o IMC mostrou correlação positiva com concentração plasmática de colesterol total (r= 0,347 e p= 0,035) e de LDL-C (r= 0,353 e p= 0,032), confirmando o impacto negativo da obesidade sobre os fatores do perfil cardiometabólico. Na análise do TAM HDL não houve diferença significativa entre os 3 grupos. A PON apresentou diferença entre os grupos (p=0,001) o que favorece o seu efeito antioxidante e antiinflamatório. Portanto, os resultados obtidos até a presente data demonstram que adolescentes obesos, mesmo ainda considerados clinicamente saudáveis, apresentam diversos parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos alterados, o que indica o elevado risco cardiovascular dessa população. / Obesity is a major public health problem and, according to World Health Organization (WHO) is a global epidemic. In this context, adolescents as the focus of physiological changes, anatomical, cultural and social groups to represent a high risk of obesity and its comorbidities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of dietary components on the antioxidant activity of the protein paraoxonase (PON1) and HDL size in adolescents. We recruited adolescents of both sexes, aged from 10 to 19 years and public schools in São Paulo. The adolescents were divided into three groups: Well-nourished, overweight and obesity, according to Cole et al. (2000). After fasting (12-15h) was collected and a blood sample from the plasma to the following analysis: lipid profile, apo A1, apo B, CETP, HDL size (laser-scatering), of paraoxonase activity. Data were collected anthropometric (weight, height, waist circumference, percentage body fat). Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS software programSPSS&#174, with significance level of p <0.05. Of the 242 eligible individuals, 94 (39%) were boys and 148 (61%) girls, mean age 13.9 ± 2.3 years. Based on BMI, adolescents were divided into three groups: Eutrophic: n = 77 adolescents (32%) Overweight: n = 82 adolescents (34%) and obese: n = 83 adolescents (34%). These groups showed no significant differences regarding sex, maternal education, income, sexual maturation, and current medical history. Whereas the groups showed significant difference between age, statistical analysis was adjusted for this variable. The differences between CC and percentage of body fat confirmed the results obtained with BMI. We also found that high BMI values favored hipertigliceridemia (p = 0.046), and low HDL-C (p = 0.002). However, the values of CETP varied according to BMI. Analyzing the correlations we found that BMI was correlated positively with plasma total cholesterol (r = 0.347 and p = 0.035) and LDL-C (r = 0.353 and p = 0.032), confirming the negative impact of obesity on cardiovascular risk factors . In the analysis of TAM HDL no significant difference among the three groups. The PON was different between groups (p = 0.001) which favors the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, the results obtained to date show that obese adolescents, even those deemed clinically healthy, have several anthropometric and biochemical changes, which indicates that the high cardiovascular risk population.

Stroke is the third leading cause of death. Atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries is a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a central role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Human paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) associated serum esterase/lactonase, protects HDL and LDL from oxidative modifications. Thus, PON1 is protective against the development of atherosclerosis. PON1 gene has two functional coding region (192Q/R and 55L/M) and one promoter region (&amp / #8722 / 107T/C) polymorphism that affect the catalytic efficiency and levels of the enzyme, respectively. In this study, the aim was to determine the importance of PON1 genetic polymorphisms and activity as risk factors for ischemic stroke. The study population was comprised of 172 unrelated adult Caucasian patients with acute hemispheric ischemic stroke and 105 symptom-free controls. Serum and total blood samples were obtained from G&uuml / lhane Military Medical Academy Hospital Neurology Department, Ankara. Hypertension and diabetes were 2 times more common and HDL-C was significantly lower among patients compared to controls. Logistic regression analysis revealed hypertension and smoking to be significant predictors of stroke. Serum PON1 activities towards three substrates, paraoxon (paraoxonase activity / PON), phenyl acetate (arylesterase activity / ARE) and diazoxon (diazoxonase activity), which were measured by spectrophotometric methods, were found to be lower in stroke patients compared to controls. PON and PON/ARE were negatively associated with ischemic stroke by use of logistic regression analysis. PON/ARE was 1.26 times protective against stroke. The frequencies of the risky alleles 192R, 55L and &amp / #8722 / 107T were increased in the patient group. Frequency of the 55L allele of PON1 was significantly increased among patients (0.690) compared to controls (0.628 / P=0.003). Logistic regression analysis revealed PON1 55LL genotype to be associated with a 1.8-fold increase in the risk of ischemic stroke versus control status. Prevalence of triple combined haplotype QRLMTC was significantly lower in stroke patients (4.1%) when compared to controls (11.4% / P=0.019). The combined heterozygote haplotype had around 7 times increased protective effect against stroke in the overall population and 10 times protective effect in the elderly population. The low expressor genotype &amp / #8722 / 107TT was associated with almost 2 times increased risk for stroke in elderly. 192R allele of PON1 represented 1.554 times increased risk for ischemic stroke in hypertensives relative to normotensives. Furthermore, the risk of hypertensive individuals having ischemic stroke was highest in the 192RR group (Odds Ratio / OR=7), followed by 192QR heterozygotes (OR=2.18), and the risk decreased to insignificant levels in 192QQ individuals. 192R allele constituted a 1.55 times increased risk in diabetics. 55L allele was associated with a 1.66 times increased risk of stroke in hypertensives and a 2.6 times increased risk for stroke in diabetics relative to non-diabetics. PON1 &amp / #8722 / 107T allele also represented a 1.35 times risk for stroke in hypertensives.