Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Introduction: The objective of this study was to develop a regression equation to estimate weight of black male paraplegic South African subjects. Very few institutions in South Africa have wheel chair scales and very few paraplegic persons know what their weight is. People with spinal cord injury (SCI) are reported to have an increased risk to develop obesity and diseases of lifestyle. It is therefore important to monitor the nutritional status of these patients to prevent and treat the above diseases effectively. The aim was to develop an equation that incorporates variables or measurements that do not require a high level of skill and experience to be determined. The equipment needed for the determination of the measurements should also be easily accessible, for example a tape measure rather than a skin-fold caliper.

A body of nursing knowledge in rehabilitation cannot be attained until the specific problems nurses encounter in their work are identified. The purpose of this study was the identification of some of the specific nursing problems in relation to the paraplegic. This study included interviews with seventeen nurses caring for paraplegics during the three stages of their rehabilitation, during the acute stage, during the time of intensive rehabilitation, and after returning to the community. A basically unstructured interview method was used, permitting the nurses a wide scope in identifying nursing problems they had encountered. The specific nursing problems were summarized within components of a typology developed during the study. A total of sixty-eight different specific nursing problems were identified a total of 247 times. The greatest number of different specific nursing problems, fourteen, were within the component of the typology of psychological-emotional problems. The psychological-emotional problem identified most frequently, twelve times, was that of trying to help the paraplegic face the future as a disabled person. The largest per cent of the total number of nursing problems identified, 35.22 per cent, were within the component of the typology of physical problems. The three most frequently identified nursing problems were within this component. These were, maintaining the bowel and bladder function, thirty-one times, maintaining the integrity of the skin, twenty times, and being alert for complications, sixteen times. The largest number of different nursing problems, thirty, and the greatest per cent of the total number of nursing problems, 63.56 per cent, concerned the paraplegic himself. Seventeen different nursing problems, 19.84 per cent of the total number of nursing problems identified, concerned the paraplegic's relationship to those outside of the health care system. There were sixteen different nursing problems, 12.96 per cent of the total number of nursing problems, concerned with the paraplegic's relationship to the health care system. The remaining 3.64 per cent of the total number of nursing problems, five different ones, concerned the paraplegic's inanimate surroundings. Research should be done to discover the best way of solving the specific nursing problems identified in this study. Many of them are currently being dealt with by intuition or trial and error, others are being ignored. It also would be well to discover what paraplegics identify as their needs or problems as they move through the various stages of the rehabilitation program. Nursing which is aimed at helping the paraplegic accomplish his goals should be alert to what he regards as his problems and help him arrive at a satisfactory solution to them. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

No description available.

Goal of the research is to analyze and evaluate the life quality of paraplegics. Object of research is life quality of paraplegics. Tasks of research: to evaluate the life quality of paraplegics according to age and physical activity; to evaluate the life quality of paraplegics according to level of medulla injury, duration of trauma; to analyze the expression of life quality components of paraplegics in gender aspect. There are numerous researches analyzing the quality of life, but we could not find any research analyzing the life quality of paraplegics. Research of such character would enable to better clarify factors having impact on life quality of paraplegics depending on gender, age, level of medulla injury, duration of medulla injury, physical activity. In order to evaluate life quality according to a standard, extensive scientific research is needed. Research was carried out in summer 2005 at the therapy and rehabilitation centre “Landšaftas” in Monsiškės, and in recreation centre “Balčio Šilas“. Research was conducted among 41 paraplegic: 29 men and 12 women. Quality of Life Questionnaire, 2001 was applied, and supplemented with questions from questionnaire of research on socialization of disabled by Williams (1994). Summarizing the obtained research results one can state that life quality of paraplegics of younger age (21-40 years) is better than that of aged paraplegics (41-60 years). After life quality evaluation according to level and duration of medulla injure... [to full text]

Assignment (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The mechanisms of blood flow (BF) control to skeletal muscle during dynamic exercise are still not clearly understood. The paraplegic subject (P) has reduced sympathetic innervation to the lower limbs. The current study was designed to focus on the contribution of neural control, specifically the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), as part of the central vascular mechanism to skeletal muscle BF during dynamic exercise. Aims: We studied BF parameters in P vs. able-bodied subjects (AB) to determine whether the paraplegic can serve as a model for assessing the contribution of the SNS to changes in active vs. inactive muscle BF during exercise. Further questions addressed include: the influence of level of fitness on resting and exercise BF, how lesion level affects BF control in the paraplegic, the 'muscle pump' theory and its hypothesized role in exercise hyperemia and whether blood pooling occurs in the legs of paraplegics. Method: Noninvasive duplex Doppler studies of the large conduit arteries (brachial and common femoral) were performed on 10 elite paraplegic athletes (EP), 10 sedentary paraplegics (SP) en 10 sedentary able-bodied subjects (AB). The paraplegic groups were further subdivided by lesion level with T6 being the critical level. Tests were carried out at rest and after 2 bouts of arm ergometer exercise: a maximal incremental test and 3 minutes at 75% of maximal. Diameter, mean velocity, pulsatile index and blood flow were measured/calculated. Results: Resting heart rate was significantly higher in the paraplegic groups (EP = 80 bpm ± 10, SP = 83 bpm ± 12) vs. the AB group (69 bpm ± 7), p < 0.05. Resting diameter in the common femoral artery (CFA) was similar in EP (5.93 mm ± 1.54) and SP (6.52 mm ± 0.95), but significantly lower than in AB (7.87 mm ± 1.38), p < 0.05. Similar resting pulsatile index (PI) in the CFA were contrary to that previously reported, casting doubt on venous blood pooling theories. Post-exercise values need to be interpreted with caution in view of the large resting differences in CFA diameter. Percentage change values are therefore more appropriate. These differences were not statistically significant, but may suggest interesting trends. Large variability existed for most resting and post-exercise values. Conclusion: The paraplegic subject is an ideal model for the study of the influence of the SNS on blood supply to exercising skeletal muscle. The difference in CFA diameter at rest in the paraplegic vs. the AB group confirms previous results and is probably due to structural/non-physiological changes. Our observation that the BA and CFA diameters in EP and SP subjects do not differ significantly at rest, suggests that training does not have a spillover vasomotor effect on lower limb conduit arteries in paraplegia. Similar BF and PI values post-exercise in the SP and AB groups challenge the muscle pump theory. The SNS has an important role in the control of skeletal muscle blood flow - both at rest (vascular tone) and during exercise (redistribution). Suggestions for future research are made. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die meganismes betrokke by die beheer van bloedvloei (BV) gedurende dinamiese oefening is nog onduidelik. Die parapleeg (P) het verminderde simpatiese innervasie na die onderste ledemate. Die huidige studie fokus op die bydrae van die simpatiese senuwee sisteem (SSS), as deel van die sentrale vaskulêre meganisme, tot skeletale spier BV tydens dinamiese oefening. Doelstellings: Ons het BV parameters in P vs. nie-gestremde proefpersone (kontrole) bestudeer om vas te stelof die parapleeg as model gebruik kan word om die bydrae van die SSS tot veranderings in die BV in aktiewe- en onaktiewe spiere gedurende oefening, te ondersoek. Verdere aspekte wat ondersoek is, sluit in: die invloed van tiksheidvlak ten opsigte van rustende en oefenings BV, of die verlammingsvlak by die parapleeg BV kontrole beïnvloed, die 'spierpomp-teorie' en sy hipotetiese rol in oefeninghiperremie, asook die vraag of bloedsaamstorting in die bene van parapleë plaasvind. Metode: Nie-indringende duplex Doppler studies van die groot geleidingsarteries (bragiaal [BA] en gemene femoral [CFA]) is by 10 elite paraplegiese atlete (EP), 10 sedentêre parapleë (SP) en 10 sedentêre nie-gestremde proefpersone (AB) uitgevoer. Die paraplegiese proefpersone is verder onderverdeel deur die vlak van T6 as kritiese verlammingsvlak te gebruik. Toetse is tydens rus en na 2 arm-ergometer oefeningsessies uitgevoer: een maksimale inkrementeie toets en een van 75% van maksimum intensiteit. Deursnit, gemiddelde vloeispoed, pulsatiewe indeks en bloedvloei is gemeet en/of bereken. Resultate: Rustende hartspoed was beduidend hoër in die paraplegiese groepe (EP = 80 slaelminuut ± 10 en SP = 83 slm ± 12) vs. die AB groep (69 slm ± 7), p < 0.05. Rustende deursnit in die gemene femorale arterie (CFA) was dieselfde in EP (5.93 mm ± 1.54) en SP (6.52 mm ± 0.95), maar beduidend laer as in AB (7.87 mm ± 1.38), p < 0.05. Die feit dat rustende pulsatiewe indeks (PI) in die CFA dieselfde in albei groepe was, laat twyfelontstaan oor die veneuse bloedopdammings teorieë soos weergegee in die literatuur. Na-oefeningswaardes moet omsigtig evalueer word met inagneming van die groot rustende verskille in CFA deursnit. Persentasieverskilwaardes is dus meer toepaslik. Hierdie veskille was nie statisties beduidend nie, maar suggereer interessante tendense. Groot variasie het voorgekom vir beide rustende en na-oefenings waardes. Gevolgtrekking: Die parapleeg is 'n ideale model vir studies om die invloed van die SSS op bloedvloei aan aktiewe skeletale spier te bestudeer. Die verskil in rustende CFA deursnit in die parapleeg vs. die AB groep bevestig vorige resultate en is waarskynlik te wyte aan strukturele, nie-funksionele veranderinge. Ons bevindinge dat die BA en CFA deursneë nie beduidend verskil in die SP en EP groep gedurende rus nie, dui daarop dat gereëlde oefening nie 'n oorloop vasomotor effek op die onderste ledemate in die parapleeg het nie. Die feit dat daar geen verskil aangetoon kon word tussen BV en PI waardes na-oefening in die SP en AB groepe, betwis die spierpomp teorie. Die studie toon dat die SSS 'n belangrike rol in die beheer van skeletale spier bloedvloei speel - beide met rus (vaskulêre tonus) en gedurende oefening (herdistribusie). Voorstelle vir toekomstige navorsing word gemaak.

Introduction. Les capacités et les possibilités de déplacement en fauteuil roulant manuel (FRM) sont déterminantes pour l'intégration sociale et professionnelle des usagers. Objectifs. Approfondir la connaissance des contraintes de déplacement en FRM à travers 2 études. La 1ère pour identifier les habitudes et préciser les difficultés des usagers ; la 2nde, induite par les résultats de la 1ère, pour évaluer les effets du dévers, encore méconnus, sur les astreintes cardiaques, énergétiques, musculaires et subjectives. Méthodes. La 1ère étude a été menée par questionnaire complété par 118 sujets paraplégiques en FRM. La 2nde étude, en laboratoire avec 25 hommes paraplégiques, comporte 2 tests : un test d?effort sur ergocycle à bras et un test de propulsion de 300 m et 8 conditions combinant 4 dévers (0, 2, 8 et 12 %) et 2 vitesses (0,97 m.s-1 et une vitesse choisie "de confort"). Résultats. La 1ère étude révèle un environnement peu adapté, avec des moyens de transport et des bâtiments souvent inaccessibles sans aide, et des gènes limitant les sorties des usagers parmi lesquelles figure le dévers. La 2nde étude indique des astreintes cardiaques, énergétiques et musculaires significativement modifiées par le dévers et par la vitesse (p < 0,01). L'astreinte subjective n'est pas modifiée par la vitesse. Des différences entre 0 et 2 % sont faibles mais existent. Un dévers de 12 % est difficilement réalisable. Les équilibres des activités musculaires changent dès 2 % de dévers. Le niveau lésionnel modifie de façon très importante les stratégies de déplacements et les niveaux d'astreintes mesurées ou perçues. Discussion-Conclusion. Les effets du dévers sont perceptibles dès 2 % et sont nets et délétères à 8 %. Ce travail permet de proposer de façon plus argumentée un modèle d'astreintes qui conforte le seuil de dévers fixé réglementairement à 2 % permettant à la grande majorité des usagers de FRM de se déplacer de façon autonome et de rester actifs / Introduction. Displacement capacities and possibilities in manual wheelchair (MWC) are strong determinants of social and occupational integration of MWC users. Objectives. Improve the knowledge of the strains involved by displacement in MWC through 2 studies; the first one to identify habits and difficulties of MWC users. The second one, induced by the results of the first one, has assessed the poorly known cardiac, energetic, muscular and subjective strains of the displacement of MWC users on a cross slope. Methods. The first study was a survey answered by 118 paraplegics habitual MWC users. The second one, a laboratory study conducted with 25 paraplegic men, includes 2 tests: a sub maximal arm-cranking test and a 300 m propulsion test with 8 conditions combining 4 cross slopes (0, 2, 8 et 12%) and 2 velocities (0,97 m.s-1 and a "comfortable" chosen one). Results. The first study shows an adverse environment, with many places unreachable without help and disturbances, like cross slope, which hinders users' displacements. The second study demonstrates the increases of cardiac, energetic, muscular and subjective strains with cross slope. Differencies between 0 and 2% cross slopes are low but quantified. Displacement on a 12% cross slope is very difficult. The balance of muscles activities is changing at 2% cross slope. The injury level makes deep changes in the displacements strategies and in as well perceived as measured strain levels. Discussion-Conclusion. Effects of cross slope are perceived for as low as 2% and onwards values. They are high and deleterious at 8%. This work allows to construct a model of cross slope strains which confirms that the regulatory 2% cross slope limit is well chosen because it allows most MWC users to move without help and remain active

No description available.

Orientador: Hans Ingo Weber / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-22T16:46:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Menegaldo_LucianoLuporini_M.pdf: 10582841 bytes, checksum: c428ba1320f8aa3abc90149335b8ab75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997 / Resumo: O desenvolvimento de próteses neurais para pacientes com lesões crônicas no sistema nervoso central, bem como o estudo do controle motor em pessoas normais, pode encontrar em ferramentas de simulação computacional importantes subsídios. Este trabalho, atendo-se à dinâmica e ao controle da postura em seres humanos, procurou desenvolver uma série de modelos que incorporassem: a mecânica de corpos rígidos, a dinâmica da contração muscular e da excitação neural e um modelo da geometria músculo-esquelética associado. Foi estabelecida uma metodologia para o projeto de um controlador, utilizando o método do LQR, e a matriz pseudo-inversa na distribuição, entre os atuadores músculo-tendíneos dos torques de controle, empregando um modelo inverso da dinâmica da contração. Os resultados de simulações para condições iniciais mostram alguns efeitos da variação das matrizes de ponderação do LQR. Discute-se em seguida o padrão de coordenação muscular obtido / Abstract: Neural prostheses and motor control studies may find in computational simulation studies helpful aids. This work, focusing on human postural dynamics and control, looked for developing a series of models that should include: rigid body mechanics, muscular contraction and neural excitation dynamics, and also an associated geometric musculoskeletal modeI. A methodology for controller design was established, using the LQR approach, and the pseudoinverse matrix for distribution of control torques among redundant musculotendon actuators, employing also an inverse model of muscular contraction dynamics. Results shows some effects on simulations for initial conditions, with LQR weight matrix variations. Muscular coordination pattem is dicussed. / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

The aim of the study was to provide a platform for the male paraplegic to explore the implications of the disability on his sexuality. A qualitative research method was utilised. In-depth interviews were conducted during October 1995 and February 1996 using a sample often black male in-patients at the beginning of their rehabilitation program and during their initial hospitalisation at Kalafong Hospital in Pretoria. The results of the study indicated that the newly injured person has a great need to talk about the impact of the injury on his life. Three major areas of concern emerged: physical appearance, loss of control and independence and relationships. All three areas were perceived to have an impact on sexuality. Rejection of the redefined intimacy by the able-bodied spouse, was perceived as a threat to sexual adjustment. / Social Work