Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / The importance of the role of fathers in the lives of their children and families has received much attention in recent years. This new focus on responsible fatherhood has led to an increase of programme interventions for responsible fathers. The aim of this study was to explore how families experienced an intervention programme for fathers, and how the intervention contributed to child and family well-being. The study made use of a qualitative research methodology. The research sample included fathers, who participated in the intervention programme, as well as their life partners and children. The sample for the study included 10 fathers, 10 spouses, as well as 10 children of the fathers, who participated in an intervention programme for fathers. The final sample of participants in this study was 30 participants. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect the data in face-to-face interviews. The data analysis was conducted by means of a thematic analysis. All ethical considerations were adhered to by ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of participants. The following themes were found in the study: Understanding of family well-being, Conceptualization of fatherhood and father involvement, Communication about the programme, Parent-child relationships, Parental involvement and personal matters, Discipline and conflict management, Experience of programme intervention the father attended. The results of the study showed that (1) the intervention contributed to the well-being of children and their families; (2) the involvement of fathers in the lives of their children increased post-intervention; (3) fathers' communication skills improved; (4) fathers were more involved in unpaid care; (5) spousal relationships improved with less conflict in their relationships.

Autism is one of the fastest growing childhood disorders in the world, and the families that have children with autism experience frustration and stress due to many practical problems. with the increase in the prevalence of autism, it is urgent to raise awareness of autism and to provide services and support for children with autism and their parents to improve the parent-child relationship and moderate the parental stress. with regard to families with children diagnosed as autistic, the purposes of this study are to: (a) examine the group differences in parental stress and parent-child relationship between Taiwan and the United States based on racial and cultural differences; (b) identify factors, if any, that influence the parental stress and parent-children relationship; (c) investigate if there are differences in the results of child development when children are diagnosed with autism in these two countries; (d) establish the Battelle Development Inventory-II in Mandarin Chinese version for use of evaluation with development delays in Taiwan. Findings revealed that: (a) the Battelle Developmental Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-II), is highly reliable with a great value of internal consistency in the use with parents and children with autism in Taiwan; (b) there is no significant difference in child development and parent-child relationship based on geographic region (Taiwan and the United States); (c) parents of children with autism in the United States overall have a more positive parent-child relationship and parenting attitude than parents of children with autism in Taiwan; (d) Children with autism who have a positive relationship with their parents have a higher pass rate on the evaluation of child development; (e) fathers reported higher pass rate on BDI-II than mothers in one of the standard deviations of over BDI-II performance; (f) parent-child relationships are positively correlated with parental stress; (g) parents who received services and support from a government agency or school in Taiwan have significantly lower scores on the parent-child relationship inventory; (h) fathers of children with autism have higher stress level than mothers; (i) parents who received services and support from parent groups (such as PTA or parent association) and from a government agency or school feel less stress than parents that did not receive those supports in Taiwan.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience significant challenges with play, thereby affecting their development of language skills, emotional development, cognitive development, and social connections with others (Freeman & Kasari, 2013). Parent-child relationships influence many aspects of a child’s life including participation in joint play, which is when two or more individuals are playing together (Waldman-Levi, Finzi-Dottan, & Cope, 2019). There are several factors hindering parent participation in play including knowledge of play, understanding of sensory processing and its impact on play, communication during play, and mindful parenting. The following chapters discuss the evidence and theories supporting the development of the proposed program, Play 4 Parents. Play 4 Parents is an in-person group training program designed to enhance play skills of parents of children with ASD. The program uses a variety of teaching strategies, such as direct teaching, strategy practice, and at home hands-on practice. Through program participation it is anticipated that parents will gain an increase in parental sense of competence, a decrease in perceived stress, and improvements with parent-child play interactions.

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The purpose of this study was to explore factors which are predictive of parenting stress for first-time parents. Based on attachment theory and empirical research, the factors investigated were the responsibility for child care and housework, the current and retrospective relationship with the family of origin, the change in emotions related to parenthood, the marital relationship, and attachment and individuation.

The prevalence of aggression and delinquency increase during adolescence and are associated with psychosocial adjustment difficulties. It is important to identify aspects of the parent-adolescent relationship that may protect adolescents from these externalizing behaviors. The current study examined longitudinal relations between parental monitoring behaviors, child disclosure, and externalizing behaviors. Participants included 326 African American adolescents and their primary maternal caregivers, recruited from urban neighborhoods characterized by high rates of violence and low socioeconomic status. Participants provided data annually (three waves across two-year timeframe) through face-to-face interviews. Results of longitudinal path models showed that child disclosure predicted parental knowledge, and parental knowledge was associated with fewer externalizing outcomes. Higher levels of parental control predicted less child disclosure. Finally, parental acceptance predicted fewer child-reported delinquent behaviors through increased levels of child disclosure. Implications suggest that parent-adolescent communication and parental acceptance are protective factors, associated with decreased externalizing outcomes in African American youth.

Minimal attention has been directed toward learning how children may influence parenting practices and styles within a divorce setting, and - more significantly - how children may influence the co-parenting practices and behaviors of divorced parents. The roles of child temperament, parenting, and their reciprocal interaction werereviewed as they relate to the development of externalizing and internalizing problems in childhood. Literature regarding the impact of divorce on the parent-child relationship was also discussed. A cluster analytic approach was utilized in order to identify three groups of individuals with internalizing, externalizing, and adaptive characteristics. Parenting features were then evaluated across both intact and divorced family settings to explore for any influence of the child and the environmental demands on parenting. Only one significant interaction was revealed between marital status and child characteristics in relation to maternal discipline. Significant findings were discussed within light of prior literature.

A deficiência é compreendida como uma articulação entre os aspectos orgânicos, ambientais e pessoais. O resultado final do cruzamento destes fatores engendra o quadro final observado. No entanto, pouco se produziu sobre esta incidência dos fatores pessoais. A literatura propõe que crianças com deficiência física apresentam prejuízos na imagem corporal, associando alterações orgânicas com dificuldades do eu. Entretanto, estabelecem associações diretas e não indicam de que modo este eu prejudicado poderia compor o quadro da deficiência. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo explorar a imagem corporal no processo de constituição subjetiva de crianças com deficiência física congênita. Neste recorte, buscou-se investigar como o corpo incide sobre o sujeito e quais os efeitos da incidência do sujeito sobre o corpo. Para tal, é realizada uma revisão da literatura e a coleta de casos cínicos utilizando a Avaliação Psicanalítica aos 3 Anos (AP3) e o Desenho da Figura Humana (DFH) em duas crianças com deficiência física e seus pais, seguindo o método clínico-qualitativo. Foi observado que nestes casos existem riscos de prejuízos da imagem corporal por conta de especificidades do quadro orgânico, como o excesso de intervenções e manipulações; manifestações do corpo, como movimentos involuntários, que rompem o simbólico e o imaginário e o uso de próteses/órteses. Estes dados orgânicos foram atrelados às significações e identificações que se oferecem ao eu, somadas as já presentes na rede significante na qual a \"deficiência\" está inserida. Desta forma, verificou-se que tais identificações podem levar a danos secundários à deficiência, compondo seu quadro final. Os prejuízos na imagem corporal foram atrelados às demais manifestações do inconsciente, indicando no processo de constituição subjetiva e no exercício das funções parentais as bases da imagem corporal e das organizações pessoais que irão tomar o corpo e a deficiência. Frente aos dados, foram feitas considerações às áreas afins que podem se beneficiar do trabalho em equipe com o psicanalista e psicólogo. Concluindo, a pesquisa aponta para a noção de risco, seja de prejuízos da imagem corporal quanto de constituição do sujeito, levantando questões como o desenvolvimento de uma clínica preventiva e o estudo das reações frente à deficiência, o que se estende as diferentes deficiências dada a marca significante que carregam / Disability is understood as a combination of organic, environmental and personal aspects. The final result of the blend of these factors produces the condition observed. However, little has been written about the effects of these personal aspects. Literature suggests that children with physical disabilities suffer damage to their body image, and associates organic alterations with difficulties of the ego. However, although it makes direct associations, it fails to indicate how this impaired ego might be part of the overall picture of the disability. Thus, the aim of this research is to explore body image in the process of the subjective constitution of children with congenital physical disabilities. How the body affects the subject and the effects of the subject on the body were investigated. To this end, a review of the literature was made and data on clinical cases was collected, using the clinical-qualitative method, by performing the Psychoanalytic Assessment of 3-year-olds (PA3) and the Human Figure Drawing (HFD) on two children with physical disabilities and their parents. It was observed that in these cases, there is risk of damage to body image due to specificities of the organic condition such as excessive interventions and manipulation; body manifestations such as involuntary movements, which break the symbolic and the imaginary; and the use of prosthesis/orthosis. These organic data were linked to the meanings and identifications offered to the ego, in addition to those already present in the signifier\'s network in which the \"disability\" is contained. Thus, it was verified that these identifications can lead to damages secondary to the disability, composing its overall picture. Damages to body image were linked to other manifestations of the unconscious, indicating the bases of the body image and personal organization that the body and the disability will take on in the process of subjective constitution and the exercise of parental functions. Based on the data, considerations were made regarding related areas that might benefit from working jointly with psychoanalysts and psychologists. To conclude, the research points to the notion of risk, whether of damage to body image or to the constitution of the subject, raising questions such as the need for a preventative practice and the study of reaction to disability, which extends to different disabilities according to their particular signifier

A temática da criação dos filhos vem sendo muito pesquisada e diversos trabalhos têm dedicado atenção especial aos estilos e práticas parentais. Desde a década de 1930, psicólogos pesquisadores e clínicos têm se preocupado com questões como: Qual a melhor forma de educar os filhos e quais são as conseqüências que podem ser provocadas no desenvolvimento das crianças educadas por diferentes modelos de pais. Considerando a relevância da relação entre pais e filhos no processo de desenvolvimento, este estudo objetivou-se validar, por meio da análise fatorial confirmatória, a versão adaptada para crianças brasileiras do Parent Perception Inventory - PPI, para mensurar o comportamento dos pais com relação às práticas educativas na percepção dos filhos. Foram realizadas ainda procedimentos para validação convergente, utilizando-se o Questionário de Práticas Parentais-QPP (PASQUALI et al.,2012) e análise da confiabilidade por meio do alfa de Cronbach. Participaram do estudo 600 crianças de 7 a 12 anos, de ambos os sexos, de escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Ribeirão Preto-SP que responderam duas versões do PPI, uma para o pai e outra para a mãe, cada uma com 18 itens que avaliam nove classes de comportamento positivo e nove classes de comportamento negativo. Por meio do método de Máxima Verossimilhança pôde-se confirmar o modelo de duas dimensões, fatores positivos e negativos, referentes às práticas adotadas, distribuídos respectivamente nos itens impares e pares da escala para as duas versões. Tais componentes apresentaram Alfa de Cronbach entre 0.67 e 0.81 e se correlacionaram positivamente com os domínios da escala QPP - Questionário de Percepção dos Pais, com valores entre 0,463 e 0,638. Conclui-se que o instrumento é valido e pode ser usado em estudos para identificar o comportamento parental do ponto de vista da criança / The theme of raising a child has received attention of many researchers and several papers have devoted particular attention to parental styles and practices. Since the 1930s, psychology researchers, and clinicians have been concerned with issues such as: What is the best way to educate children and what are the consequences that can be caused in their development when educated by different models of parents. Considering the relevance of the relationship between parents and children in the development process, this study aimed to validate, through the confirmatory factorial analysis, a version adapted for Brazilian children of the Parent Perception Inventory-PPI to measure the parent`s behavior in relation to educational practices in the perception of children. We also performed procedures for convergente validation using the Questionário de Percepção do Pais - QPP (PASQUALI et el., 2012) and reliability analysis by Cronbach`s alfa. The study included 600 children aged from 7 to 12 incomplete years, both boys and girls, from public and private schools in the city of Ribeirão Preto-SP, who answered two versions of the PPI, one for the father and one for the mother, each with 18 items which evaluate nine classes of positive behavior and nine classes of negative behavior. By means of the Maximum Likelihood method, the two-dimensional model, positive and negative, could beconfirmed, referring to the adopted practices, distributed respectively in the odd and even items of the scale for the two versions. These components presented Cronbach\'s alpha between 0.67 and 0.81 and correlated positively with the domains of the scale QPP- Parent Perception Questionare, used to test the convergent validity with values between 0,463 and 0,638. We conclude that the instrument is valid and can be used in studies to identify parental behavior from the child\'s point of view

There have been numerous investigations seeking to quantify the experience of parents raising adolescents of autism, but remarkably few have looked at the total experience qualitatively, as reported by parents. The present study was conducted along with a larger study for adolescents with autism participating in the PEERS® social skills group intervention, which includes simultaneous parent sessions. This study analyzed comments made in the parent group, identifying the issues parents reported spontaneously through a qualitative analysis of 12 unstructured hour-long sessions including parents (n = 16) and graduate student clinicians. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the meaning and experiences of these parents to gain increased understanding about the needs of both parents and adolescents with autism. Themes resulting from the hermeneutic analysis of these videos focused on the adolescents and their "spark," a term coined by the parents denoting the unique strengths of their children, the values they share with the family, the impact of autism on the family, lack of self-awareness, being included and finding "one good friend." There was also a strong theme of the parents seeking support from one another. Finally, the parents spoke often of planning for/hoping for the future and what it may bring for their adolescent with autism. These themes can help describe the challenges/successes of parenting an adolescent with autism. This study provides some direction for further research to inform supports for parents whose children are approaching or are in the midst of adolescence with autism. Some other findings in our study were that parents are very concerned about acceptance of family values by their adolescent. Future studies can explore further what parents' needs are and how clinicians can help them.