本研究在探討青少年氣質和父母管教態度對親子關係之影響。研究以台北縣市國中一、二年級學生為對象，共計578人。經「青少年氣質量表」、「父母管教態度問卷」、「親子關係問卷」等研究工具，獲得所需的資料以描述統計、變異數分析和逐步多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。 本研究的主要發現為：不論男生或女生，父母親的引導態度、子女的工作取向度及母親的放任態度均能有效預測親子關係；男生的反應強度和適應度亦能有效預測親子關係；而女生則是注意力分散度、情緒本質能有效預測親子關係。同時，氣質類型和母親管教態度類型對親子關係的影響有顯著的交互作用，其中子女氣質為活潑開朗型且母親管教為權威型和引導型，其親子關係較好；子女的氣質為貫徹始終型且母親管教為回收愛型和引導型，其親子關係較好；其餘氣質類型和母親的引導型配對，其親子關係亦較好。且不同氣質類型在親子關係上有顯著的差異；不同父母管教類型在親子關係上亦有顯著的差異。 最後，根據研究結果提出家庭教育中父母管教態度與子女氣質適配，以及未來研究方向的建議。 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of adolescent temperament and parenting on parent-child relationships. The samples of this study include 578 subjects from ten junior-high schools in Taipei area. Three study instruments are adolescent temperament scale, parenting questionnaires, and parent-child relationships questionnaires. Analyses include ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The major findings are: no matter what boys or girls they are, parent's induction, adolescent task orientation and permissiveness temperament can predict effectively parent-child relationships; boy's Intensity and adaptability temperament can predict effectively parent-child relationships, so can girl's distractibility and mood. Simultaneously, interaction beween types of temperament and types of mother's parenting affect remarkably parent-child relationships; adolescent with vigorous temperament type and mother with power assertion or induction parenting, parent-child relationships would be better; adolescent with constant temperament type and mother with love withdrawal or induction parenting, parent-child relationships would be better; and adolescent with any other temperament types and mother with induction parenting, parent-child relationships would be better. And also, types of temperament are remarkably difference in parent-child relationships, as well as types of parenting are remarkably difference in parent-child relationships. According to the results of this study, fits for parenting and adolescent temperament in family education, and suggestions in future study are proposed.