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The multiple and conflicting roles of local government in negotiating parkland acquisition : can the negotiations satisfy the criteria of ethics and the dimensions of interests?Schlesinger, Gerald 05 1900 (has links)
The practice of providing urban parks as an integral part of community development no
longer creates public debate about the function or legal authority of local governments to make
such purchases. However, the debate continues on the ethics of local government's parkland
acquisition practices. These practices have the capability and motivation to influence the land
value of sites they wish to acquire. Local governments are responsible for determining land
use, which in turn affects land value. The limited financial means of local government to
acquire parks makes influencing land value one way of stretching the scarce resources of the
community.
The ethics practiced in the negotiations to acquire urban parkland where the land has
development potential are unique because:
1. Parkland is a public good and not a market commodity;
2. The potential for other higher land uses exists; and
3. Local government plays a dual role: one of a regulator and approving authority for
determining land use and providing community stewardship, and the other as the
corporate cost controlling agency seeking to acquire land.
These qualities create the strong possibility for ethical conflict to occur in the negotiating
process.
Building upon the Interest-Based approach to negotiations, this paper uses a set of
Prescriptive, Intuitive and Evaluative (P.I.E.) criteria that define ethical conduct, and the
dimensions of Fact, Social Consensus and Experience that defines the dimensions of interests,
to develop a General Model for Ethical Negotiations (GMEN). Conceptually, the GMEN
model is a three-sided pyramid within a sphere of negotiations. Negotiations that adhere to the
principles defining the parameters of the pyramid would be considered ethical. Negotiations
outside the pyramid are considered unethical.
Six parkland acquisition cases are discussed using the GMEN model. In this study, the
parameters establishing the criteria for passing ethical judgment are the functions of the
political economy, the policy statements of the local government, and the legislation that
delegates power and authority to local government.
The study finds that ethical conflict is inherent in parkland negotiations where the land
has development potential because of the multiple roles and dual character of local government.
This conflict is not necessarily illegal since prescriptive criteria are only one means of judging
ethics. Nor is the outcome necessarily negative to the vendor, since the public may end up with
a less attractive park agreement. However, the parameters that would require parkland
acquisition negotiations to be ethical sometimes conflict with some of the multiple roles held by
local government. Several recommendations are made that would help to reduce ethical
conflict and the imbalance in parkland negotiations. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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Conflict management in BC provincial parks: a case study of mountain biking in Garibaldi ParkThompson, Paul David 05 1900 (has links)
At the same time resources are becoming more scarce there is
an increase in the use of parks, wilderness and other natural
environments for recreational purposes. This is evident in
British Columbia where much of provincial parks planning is
concerned with the accommodation of an ever increasing diversity
of outdoor recreation activities. For a variety of reasons the
people engaged in those activities do not always get along
therefore resolving these social conflicts is becoming an ever
larger part of recreation resource planners’ and managers’ jobs.
The problem with conflict management in outdoor recreation is
that the methods which are commonly used do not address the
sources of conflict. Even though it is the recreationists who
are experiencing conflict the focus remains on managing the
resource.
The traditional conflict management prescription is to
separate activities that are considered to be incompatible. This
action is necessary in some cases but it can often exacerbate the
conflict. Since the reasons for conflict are largely
sociological and psychological it is necessary that the groups in
conflict get together to find a solution. Conflict management
methods based on the spatial separation of activities that do not
include this step will not be as effective as those that do.
This thesis establishes a number of weaknesses in activity
based conflict prevention by examining both the sources of conflict in outdoor recreation and the methods of conflict
management which are traditionally used. These weaknesses are
then considered in a two part examination. First, the conflict
management policies of BC Parks are examined. Second, a closer
look is taken at a specific conflict issue: the Garibaldi Master
Plan and its treatment of the issue of mountain biking in the
park.
In general, without a formal conflict management policy in
place users of BC’S provincial parks who find themselves in
conflict with other users can not be assured that the sources of
conflict will be addressed. In the Garibaldi Park case study, BC
Parks focused on managing the resource rather than managing the
social conflict that was occurring. They took steps in the right
direction but failed to take the most crucial step which is
getting the parties in conflict talking to each other. Even
though the sources of conflict are recognized they are not the
prime consideration in resolving the conflict. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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Salvaging the waterfront: the evolution of an existing infrastructure on Vancouver’s central waterfrontJones, Michaela Margaret 11 1900 (has links)
The thesis project reconstructs the relations between conflicting social groups through the
exchange of goods and ideas in Portside Park. The project also explores how the evolution of an
infrastructure is capable of criticizing the original conditions of its construction. This is completed
through the design of a series of possible future events such as a pedestrian overpass, and public
market in Portside Park on Vancouver's central waterfront.
Robert Thayer Jr. and Bill Morrish were influential in exploring how we understand the landscape
and the importance of visual ecology which expresses an ecology behind a site. A collective identity can
be influenced by such ideas, and if given a place of importance, can also act as forums, adding more
than just physical boundaries to the city.
The project is sighted on the waterfront, a landscape that currently lies dormant and in a state of
transition. The requirements for site selection were that the site must have the potential for an evolution
of its own with hidden or unused elements that may be renewed and adapted to enrich the expression of
the site.
The starting point for the project was to speculate on a series of future events that respond to
possible social and political forces affecting the site. The matrix was a method of determining the
potential of the site. The moment that is detailed, for the purposes of this project, is the year 2020. At
this time, the coil, a pedestrian overpass, responds to the permanence of the city through its 'building as
wall' vocabulary. The wall is then transformed into a connection from the city to the park. The market
shields the rail and opens up to the park. Here the boundary between the connector and enclosure has
been inverted and the visitor is inserted into the market building. The visitor is released into the park in
the company of others within a defined realm, shielded by a canopy of trees. The final place for quiet
contemplation is the beach which remains open and exposed - the most valued and protected part of the
park. Valued not for is aesthetic achievements but for its political and social meaning.
The pedestrian embarks on a journey. Leaving the dense built environment of the city, the
pedestrian ascends the public walkway over the tracks and gradually enters the transition of the bosk,
where the mounds and trees enclose the body yet prepare him for the open water.
In conclusion the project attempts to accommodate a place for the individual and the collective,
it defines a place for establishing a coexistence. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate
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Recreation planning for coastal B. C. parks: an ecological (biophysical) inventory and analysis approachWoollacott, Gregory Christopher January 1982 (has links)
Theory of ecological (biophysical) land classification is presented. The theory of integrated ecological land classification, mapping and analysis is applied to recreational land planning. An approach to recreational site-suitability analysis appropriate for reconnaissance level inventories and analyses of recreation capabilities is presented.
Clague Mountain Park, Kitimat, B.C. served as a case study for applying the recreation site-suitability analysis approach developed. Landforms, identified using the Terrain Classification System (Ministry of Environment, 1978), served as the basis upon which selected ecologically-significant parameters were inventoried and analyzed. The parameters used in this analysis included topography, depth to bedrock, frost action, flood hazard, vegetation, climate and various soil characteristics, including moisture regime, texture, stoniness, rockiness, permeability and erosion hazard. The activities considered in this analysis included camping (intensive), hiking (summer), picnicking/day use, cross-country skiing, downhill skiing, mountain climbing/mountaineering, toboggan-ning, snowmobiling and snowshoeing.
The recreational suitability of the park was summarized in tables and maps. It was found that this site-suitability analysis approach provided an effective means for establishing an area's recreational suitability. It is recommended that the findings of this analysis be used to assist in any future recreation planning and management within the park. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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Interorganizational relations in local governments: issues in the provision of recreation servicesGagnon, Caroline 05 1900 (has links)
In order to deal with on-going environmental pressures and uncertainty, organizations
have established linkages with other organizations as one strategy to deal with these new
challenges (Fenell, Ross & Warnecke, 1987; Oliver, 1990; 1991; Thibault, Frisby &
Kikulis, 1997). The establishment of partnerships is viewed by organizations as a new
way of operating to control and minimize environmental pressures.
The purpose of this study was to identify and understand issues of interorganizational
relations between local governments, specifically departments of Parks and Recreation
and community organizations providing recreation and sport services. Specifically,
reasons for being involved in partnerships as well as advantages and challenges of
partnerships were investigated as part of this research.
The City of Surrey was selected as the research site for this study on the analysis of
interorganizational relationships between its Parks and Recreation department and three
community organizations providing recreation services and programs: Surrey Knights
Swim Club, Surrey Youth Soccer Association, and Surrey Minor Hockey Association.
The City of Surrey was chosen given its large territory, its population growth, its
decreasing funds for recreation services, and its limited number of recreation facilities.
Through semi-structured interviews with key informants, issues on interorganizational
relations were discussed. The main reasons for involvement were described as access to
financial and facility resources. With the economic pressures that local governments are
facing, the establishment of partnerships represents an appealing option to meet these
challenges. Furthermore, the Surrey Parks and Recreation department is linking with
community organizations in order to gain credibility within the community. By
establishing working partnerships with one another, community organizations and Surrey
Parks and Recreation department are able to provide the same level of services to the
community, consequently leading to the welfare of the community.
The final topic that was discussed during this research was the levels of intensity of the
partnerships and its relation to loss of autonomy. Using Oliver's (1990) model, it was
found that all levels of intensity were evident at one point or another in the partnerships
and that these levels varied according to the environmental context. However, the loss of
autonomy, as described by Oliver (1990) did not appear to be a factor influencing the
partnerships. This might be due to the fact that all partners were involved in these
partnerships for the same goals and purposes and not to compete against each other.
Interorganizational relationships were an intricate and important dimension of the
organizations studied. It is essential for organizations to better understand issues
surrounding partnerships in order to effectively engage in linkages that are beneficial to
all partners involved in this process and to the public. / Education, Faculty of / Kinesiology, School of / Graduate
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Clayton Village : a sustainable alternativeTsang, Amy 11 1900 (has links)
The overall goal of this thesis project was to explore principles of sustainable development
through planning and design. A 60-hectare site was chosen in Surrey, where two different
community plans were designed based on the proposed Clayton general land use plan. The first
community plan was based on typical or status quo development principles. The second
community plan was based on alternative or sustainable principles of development as described
in the East Clayton Neighbourhood Concept Plan. These two plans were then compared using
nine different economic, ecological and social parameters. Further detailed design was then
done for two areas on the alternative community plan; Stormwater Park, an integrated park and
school site, and the Community Garden. Typical residential and commercial streets were also
illustrated in detail.
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Clayton Village : a sustainable alternativeTsang, Amy 11 1900 (has links)
The overall goal of this thesis project was to explore principles of sustainable development
through planning and design. A 60-hectare site was chosen in Surrey, where two different
community plans were designed based on the proposed Clayton general land use plan. The first
community plan was based on typical or status quo development principles. The second
community plan was based on alternative or sustainable principles of development as described
in the East Clayton Neighbourhood Concept Plan. These two plans were then compared using
nine different economic, ecological and social parameters. Further detailed design was then
done for two areas on the alternative community plan; Stormwater Park, an integrated park and
school site, and the Community Garden. Typical residential and commercial streets were also
illustrated in detail. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate
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