PRINCIPLE OF SUPERFICIES SOLO CEDIT This thesis focuses on the superficies solo cedit principle, which can be translated as "the surface yields to the ground". The principle originated in Roman law and is projected into legal systems of most of the European democratic countries until today. According to this principle, everything firmly attached to the ground or grown on the land is component part of the land. Therefore, plants and structures are considered as typical component parts of the tract of land. The owner of the tract of land simultaneously and automatically owns its component parts. All dispositions regarding the tract of land must include the component parts, as component parts are not separate objects of law. This thesis deals with the evolution and regulation of the superficies solo cedit principle in Roman law, as well as in legal orders valid on the Czech territory until now. The main focus is on the analysis and comparison of previous legal regulations and currently valid civil law, represented by Act No. 89/2012 Sb., Civil Code. Close attention is given to the definition of things in legal sense, definition of immovable things and related legal concepts, particularly to the right of superficies and other exceptions from the principle superficies solo cedit. In the first chapter,...

Recent failures of large induction machines due to rotor bar breaks have become a major industrial concern in South Africa. These failures have occurred while applying current condition monitoring methods. This would imply that current theories are either inadequate or badly implemented. This thesis investigates two currently used condition monitoring strategies which focus on monitoring the stator current and axial vibration to detect bar breaks as well as a third method which involves putting destructive shaft voltages to good use and using this signal to diagnose rotor defects. This document begins by familiarizing the reader with two conventional approaches which involve monitoring the stator current and the axial vibration to detect rotor bar breaks. Thereafter the origins of shaft voltage are discussed and its use as a condition monitoring tool is first theoretically derived and then validated by finite element simulations. A thorough discussion of the measurement equipment required is presented and ultimately the performance of these three methods is tested by means of a laboratory measurement as well as two on-site measurements. The results from these measurements suggest that when making proper use of both conventional condition monitoring methods, these methods have a 50% success rate in the detection of rotor bar breaks. The alternative method investigated, which involves monitoring the shaft voltage, has a 75% success rate in the detection of rotor bar breaks. This highlights the use of shaft voltage as a condition monitoring tool. / Dr. S. R. Holm Prof. W. A. Cronje

This study attempts to determine the Profile and Problems of Part-time Faculty in British Columbia Community Colleges, based on a sampling from six of the fourteen colleges in the province. These institutions were British Columbia Institute of Technology, Capilano College, Douglas College, East Kootenay College, Fraser Valley College, and Vancouver Community College. Each of the six institutions represented a unique combination of characteristics such as age of the college, geographical area covered, multi-campus or single campus, melded or unmelded (i.e. amalgamation of the college with local provincial vocational institutes), and historical usage of part-time faculty. Data for a time analysis were collected from college records which gave the distribution of part-time faculty by semester and by curriculum area for the last three to five years. This helped to determine trends in the use of part-time faculty. A questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument for establishing the profile and problems. It was sent to every part-time faculty member who had taught in the selected colleges for the past two years. The ratio of part-time to full-time faculty in the colleges varied from approximately 0.3:1 to 1.8:1 with an average ratio of 0.7:1. The ratios are highest in the vocational training area (approximately 2:1) followed by the university transfer area (approximately 0.7:1) and the career/technical area, (approximately 0.6:1). There is a significant difference in the ratio of part-time to full-time faculty members among the colleges in the study. Furthermore in almost all other categories differences were significant. This could reflect the autonomy and varying needs of individual colleges. Based on the data gathered in the study the'typical' part-time college faculty member is male; lives within an hour's drive of the college; works in business and commerce as a managerial employee; makes about $24,000 a year from all sources; or makes about $15,000 a year if his principal source of income was from teaching in colleges; would accept an offer of full-time employment in a college if he were given suitable credit for his work experience and academic credentials; is willing to take an appreciable salary cut to teach at a community college to satisfy a career choice; is not now actively looking around for a new job; teaches at only one subject and that one usually repeated while he is at the college; teaches after 4 p.m., but would prefer to teach before 4 p.m.; has at least 8 years of work experience; has at least one teaching credential and a Master's degree; has taught courses at the secondary school level and in adult education programs; teaches a non-laboratory-oriented course with technician assistance available but no marking assistance; is apt to be invited to college professional development programs, but does not attend; is not sure how much non-teaching activities are expected of him; is a member of the college's faculty association but not a voting member unless he teaches at least one-half a load; is paid proportionately less than full-time faculty; is not represented in the college faculty's bargaining unit; usually has a mail box; is as likely as not to have a desk to work at; has his teaching evaluated; and, finally, can be released without cause at the end of his contract or employment period. Officially, the colleges extend the same administration - support services to part-time faculty as to full-time faculty except that they usually do not grant the former the privilege of taking free credit courses. Salaries for part-time faculty are less than for full-time faculty. Credit is seldom given for academic and teaching credentials or for work experience. Pay rates are usually based on the lowest rate of the full-time faculty scale. Among the colleges, there is a significant difference in these pay rates. Increments are not usually given and when they are they plateau at a level below that attainable by full-time faculty. Faculty agreements say very little about part-time faculty beyond defining their category as a teacher. Generally part-time faculty are not officially represented by faculty associations. The recently enacted "British Columbia Colleges and Provincial Institutes Act" may resolve this restriction with some form of province-wide representation. There was no agreement among the colleges on the criteria - for transition from part-time to full-time status. College administrations reported that generally part-time faculty have the same right, if not as ready access to, administrative support services. Part-time faculty at all colleges, are usually unorganized. They do not have positions on faculty association executives and are not members of bargaining committees. Faculty associations seem quite ambivalent about the interests of part-time faculty. There is an obvious community of interest between full-time and part-time faculty but there are equally obvious problems in granting part-time faculty more representation on faculty associations. Part-time faculty are generally defined in terms of full-time faculty. College faculty agreements deal mainly with the interests of full-time faculty. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

This study investigated the use of electromyographic feedback in regulating the frequency of part-word repetitions. Two adult stutterers, one female (Subject A) and one male (Subject B) were employed. The frequency of part-word repetitions during baserate, EMG uV raising, and EMG uV lowering conditions was assessed for Subject B. As hypothesized, results indicate that there was a notable decline in the frequency of part-word repetitions during the EMG uV lowering sessions. However, contrary to the second hypothesis, (i.e. that an increase in EMG uV would correspond with an increase in part-word repetitions) there was also a decline in the frequency of part-word repetitions during the EMG raising sessions.

Supporting user designs of 3D contents remains a challenge in geometric modeling. Various modeling tools have been developed in recent years to facilitate architectural designs and artistic creations. However, these tools require both modeling skills and raw creativity. Instead of creating models from scratch, one of the most popular choices is to extract intrinsic patterns from exemplar inputs (e.g., shape collections and sketches), to produce creative models while preserving the patterns. The mod- eling process contains two main stages, analysis and synthesis. The analysis of input models is usually performed at component level, especially for man-made objects that can be decomposed into several semantic parts, for example, the seat and handles of a bicycle. The synthesis stage recombines parts of shapes to generate new models that usually have topological or geometric variations. In this thesis, we propose three design tools aimed at easing the modeling process. We focus on man-made objects and scenes such as buildings and furniture, as the functionality of such shapes can be analyzed at the component level. A relation graph, which is commonly used in shape analysis, can then be built to represent the input shapes. In our work, the graph nodes denote the elements of a model (i.e., rooms, shape parts, and strokes respectively), while the edges capture the intrinsic relations between connected elements. With the use of graph representations, we extract and present controllable components to users for supporting their designs. The emphasis of our work is on three aspects. Firstly, we propose a framework for supporting interior layout design, which allows users to manipulate the produced floor plans, i.e., changing the scales of rooms and their positions as well. When the user modifies the topology of a layout, the corresponding layout graph is updated and the room geometries are optimized under certain constraints, e.g., user specified scales, the adjacency of rooms, and fabrication considerations (i.e., economic construction cost). Secondly, we introduce replaceable substructures as arrangements of shape components that can be interchanged while ensuring boundary consistency. Based on the shape graphs that encode the structures of input models, we propose new automatic operations to discover replaceable substructures across models or within a model. We enforce a pair of subgraphs matching along their boundaries so that switching two subgraphs results in topological variations. Thirdly, we develop an interactive system that supports a freeform design by interpreting user sketches. 3D contents can be extracted from input strokes with or without user annotations. Our system accepts user strokes, analyzes their contacts and vanishing directions with respect to an anchored image, and projects 2D strokes to 3D space via a multi- stage optimization on spatial canvas selection. We demonstrate the computational approaches on a range of example models and design studies.

There is a global trend towards using part-time lecturers to reduce unit labour costs and raise institutional efficiency. At the same time there is pressure on academics to develop their skills in an academic career path. The use of part-time lecturers is a recognised phenomenon at the University of Pretoria. This study set out to determine how part-time academics in Humanities manage and sustain their careers. The conceptual framework for this study juxtaposes key aspects of the part-time academic career with features of the traditional career model on the one hand, and those of the boundaryless and protean career on the other. This study was undertaken as a quantitative survey designed for self-completion. The aim was to describe trends in the data provided about the sample. It was found that the boundaryless and protean career models have relevance in describing the careers of part-time academics in Humanities. These lecturers measure career success by accumulated knowledge, a developed skills portfolio as well as psychologically meaningful work leading to an inner feeling of achievement. They respond to the tenuous nature of their employment situation by working across organisational boundaries and developing networks of career contacts, so as to sustain a career. Aspects that are not conducive to a part-time academic career such as early career stage, experience of positional insecurity and lack of inclusion into the collegium were identified. Those aspects that support a part-time academic career are flexibility and work-family balance. Recommendations for improvements at individual and institutional level were drawn from current literature and relevant research findings. These include the need for institutional planning, inclusion of part-time lecturers into the collegium, investment in the part-time human resource and consideration of improved contractual arrangements. Part-time lecturers need to invest in their transferable skills and maintain a career network as part of a planned strategy for obtaining their career objectives. They may need to function in boundaryless fashion in multiple positions. The significant priority accorded by respondents to the accumulation of knowledge and the development of skills may hold a key to a mutually beneficial work relationship between the institution and these part-time lecturers. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

The concept of a building in the roman law Abstract This diploma paper deals with a definition of a building concept in the roman law. Thanks to many possibilities of its appellation, the attention is paid to the designation used by the sources at first. Its definition according to the legal characteristic of things follows. Concerning the building description as a composed thing, the perception of the part in general is also taken in focus, because of the specific understanding kept by the roman law, particularly in relation with things sometimes called as pertinecies. However, the application of the general standard used by romans as the definition of the part (perpetuus usus) to the building brings some difficulties. Firstly, the building was specially defined in a context of some special norms. Tignum iunctum is the most important example, but a prohibitive regulation of demolitions or destructions, including particularly the senatusconsultum Aviola et Pansa, was significant too. Secondly, the development of the understanding what does it involve took a part, as the things used for the water supply illustrate. Than the paper focuses on the negative delimitation of the building by the categories of things, such as instrumentum, ornamentum or suppellectiles and ruta et caesa. Last part of the paper deals...

Over 70% of final product costs are determined by initial product design. Hence, to depict a capable and reliable part design is important during the part conceptual design phase. Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), based on analogical reasoning, is a problem solving methodology. This paper proposes the CBR architecture applied to assembly part design for effectively managing previous design experience and evaluating assemblability and manufacturability of assembly part design. The results can provide a useful reference for novices to reuse and revise previous experience and experienced designers to impart their expertise through CBR methodology.

Artificial intelligence (AI) approaches have been successfully applied to many fields. Among the numerous AI approaches, Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is an approach that mainly focuses on the reuse of knowledge and experience. However, little work is done on applications of CBR to improve assembly part design. Similarity measures and the weight of different features are crucial in determining the accuracy of retrieving cases from the case base. To develop the weight of part features and retrieve a similar part design, the research proposes using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) to learn the optimum feature weight and employing nearest-neighbor technique to measure the similarity of assembly part design. Early experimental results indicate that the similar part design is effectively retrieved by these similarity measures.

Följande studie skapades av två spelstudenter från Blekinge Tekniska Högskola och är avsedd att behandla området missbruk och de effekter som kan påverka en individs mentala hälsa. Studien kommer att utformas genom ett digitalt spel och syftar till att lära ungdomar effekterna av droger. Denna kandidatuppsats kommer att gå igenom alla grundläggande delar av studien, tidigare forskning, metoder, designprocess, resultat och avslutas med en diskussion där projektgruppen reflekterar över det utförda arbetet. Texten kommer också att ta upp samarbetet mellan projektgruppen och den digitala plattformen, Lotusmodellen AB, i syfte att förebygga psykisk sjukdom. Tekniker och designval för att skapa ett spel med syftet är en av de viktigaste centrala delarna i designprocessen. Dessa är baserade på både professionell litteratur, men också öppna intervjuer med målgruppen med sina egna personliga livserfarenheter av beroende. Undersökningen är en representation av hur vår projektgrupp har fått nya erfarenheter och sedan använt detta i en digital design. Vi hoppas att detta kan fortsätta driva andra designers att ta itu med samhällsfrågor som vanligtvis inte får tillräckligt med uppmärksamhet och skapa en helt egen design för att förhoppningsvis påverka omvärlden och återspegla svårigheter som påverkar individer runt om i världen.