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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Design of a non-scaling fixed field alternating gradient accelerator for charged particle therapy

Sheehy, Suzanne Lyn January 2010 (has links)
This thesis describes the design a novel type of particle accelerator for charged particle therapy. The accelerator is called a non-scaling, Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (ns-FFAG) accelerator, and will accelerate both protons and carbon ions to energies required for clinical use. The work is undertaken as part of the PAMELA project. An existing design for a ns-FFAG is taken as a starting point and analysed in terms of its ability to suit the charged particle therapy application. It is found that this design is particularly sensitive to alignment errors and would be unable to accelerate protons and carbon ions at the proposed acceleration rate due to betatron resonance crossing phenomena. To overcome this issue, a new type of non-linear ns-FFAG is developed which avoids resonance crossing and meets the requirements provided by clinical considerations. Two accelerating rings are required, one for protons up to 250 MeV and fully stripped carbon ions to 68 MeV/u, the other to accelerate the carbon ions up to 400-430 MeV/u. Detailed studies are undertaken to show that this new type of accelerator is suitable for the application. An alignment accuracy of 50 micrometers will not have a detrimental effect on the beam and the dynamic aperture for most lattice configurations is found to be greater than 50 pi.mm.mrad normalised in both the horizontal and vertical plane. Verification of the simulation code used in the PAMELA lattice design is carried out using experimental results from EMMA, the world's first ns-FFAG for 10-20 MeV electrons built at Daresbury Laboratory, UK. Finally, it is shown that the described lattice can translate into realistic designs for the individual components of the accelerator. The integration of these components into the PAMELA facility is discussed.
2

Charged particle therapy, ion range verification, prompt radiation

Testa, Mauro 14 October 2010 (has links) (PDF)
This PhD thesis reports on the experimental investigation of the prompt photons created during the fragmentation of the carbon beam used in particle therapy. Two series of experiments have been performed at the GANIL and GSI facilities with 95 MeV/u and 305 MeV/u 12C6+ ion beams stopped in PMMA and water phantoms. In both experiments a clear correlation was obtained between the C-ion range and the prompt photon profile. A major issue of these measurements is the discrimination between the prompt photon signal (which is correlated with the ion path) and a vast neutron background uncorrelated with the Bragg-Peak position. Two techniques are employed to allow for this photon-neutron discrimination: the time-of-flight (TOF) and the pulse-shape-discrimination (PSD). The TOF technique allowed demonstrating the correlation of the prompt photon production and the primary ion path while the PSD technique brought great insights to better understand the photon and neutron contribution in TOF spectra. In this work we demonstrated that a collimated set-up detecting prompt photons by means of TOF measurements, could allow real-time control of the longitudinal position of the Bragg-peak under clinical conditions. In the second part of the PhD thesis a simulation study was performed with Geant4 Monte Carlo code to assess the influence of the main design parameters on the efficiency and spatial resolution achievable with a multidetector and multi-collimated Prompt Gamma Camera. Several geometrical configurations for both collimators and stack of detectors have been systematically studied and the considerations on the main design constraints are reported.
3

Charged particle therapy, ion range verification, prompt radiation / Mesures physiques pour la vérification du parcours des ions en hadronthérapie

Testa, Mauro 14 October 2010 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur les mesures expérimentales des γ-prompts créés lors de la fragmentation du faisceau d'ions carbone en hadronthérapie. Deux expériences ont été effectuées aux laboratoires GANIL et GSI avec des ions 12C6+ de 95MeV/u et 305MeV/u irradiant une cible d'eau ou de PMMA. Dans les deux expériences une nette corrélation a été obtenue entre le parcours des ions carbone et le profil longitudinal des γ- prompts. Une des plus grandes difficultés de ces mesures vient de la discrimination entre le signal des γ-prompts (qui est corrélé avec le parcours des ions) et un important bruit de fond dû aux neutrons (non corrélé au parcours). Deux techniques sont employées pour effectuer la discrimination entre γ et neutrons: le temps de vol (TDV) et la discrimination par forme de signal (DFS). Le TDV a permis de démontrer la corrélation entre la production de γ-prompts et le parcours des ions. La DFS a fourni des informations précieuses pour la compréhension des caractéristiques des spectres en TDV. Dans ce travail on a démontré qu'un système de détection de γ-prompt collimaté, basé sur la technique du temps de vol, peut permettre une vérification en temps réel de la position du Pic de Bragg en conditions cliniques. Dans la dernière partie de la thèse, un travail de simulation a été effectué à l'aide du code de simulation Geant4 pour évaluer l'influence des principaux paramètres du design d'un dispositif de multi-détecteurs et multicollimateurs sur la résolution spatiale et l'efficacité atteignable par une Camera γ-Prompt. Plusieurs configurations géométriques ont été étudiées de façon systématique et les principales contraintes du design sont analysées. / This PhD thesis reports on the experimental investigation of the prompt photons created during the fragmentation of the carbon beam used in particle therapy. Two series of experiments have been performed at the GANIL and GSI facilities with 95 MeV/u and 305 MeV/u 12C6+ ion beams stopped in PMMA and water phantoms. In both experiments a clear correlation was obtained between the C-ion range and the prompt photon profile. A major issue of these measurements is the discrimination between the prompt photon signal (which is correlated with the ion path) and a vast neutron background uncorrelated with the Bragg-Peak position. Two techniques are employed to allow for this photon-neutron discrimination: the time-of-flight (TOF) and the pulse-shape-discrimination (PSD). The TOF technique allowed demonstrating the correlation of the prompt photon production and the primary ion path while the PSD technique brought great insights to better understand the photon and neutron contribution in TOF spectra. In this work we demonstrated that a collimated set-up detecting prompt photons by means of TOF measurements, could allow real-time control of the longitudinal position of the Bragg-peak under clinical conditions. In the second part of the PhD thesis a simulation study was performed with Geant4 Monte Carlo code to assess the influence of the main design parameters on the efficiency and spatial resolution achievable with a multidetector and multi-collimated Prompt Gamma Camera. Several geometrical configurations for both collimators and stack of detectors have been systematically studied and the considerations on the main design constraints are reported.
4

Design and Development of Peptidomimetic Ligands for Targeting Radiopharmaceuticals, Imaging Probes, and Immunotherapeutics in Oncologic Disease

Doligalski, Michael Lawrence 21 October 2016 (has links)
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. While much has been learned about these diseases in the last few decades, one of the main barriers to widespread advancement is the heterogeneity of cancer biology. A growing body of evidence supports the idea that certain protein receptors are overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells as compared to normal tissues. These extracellular biomarkers provide a unique opportunity to selectively target the tumor with both imaging and therapeutic modalities. The research in this dissertation focuses on targeting proteins on the tumor cell surface with peptidomimetic ligands. Following a description of various extracellular receptors, chapter one discusses targeting ligands designed to specifically and selectively bind these receptors. It reviews recent literature on targeted alpha-particle therapy and ends with an explanation of the advantages of peptide ligands. Three distinct approaches to imaging and therapeutic modalities are then discussed in subsequent chapters. First, a peptide ligand was designed to target radionuclides to malignant melanoma cells in an effort to develop companion radiotherapeutics and diagnostic imaging agents. The second research project describes the synthesis of a novel antagonist peptide ligand with conjugated near infrared dye, and its utility for real-time intraoperative guidance during pancreatic adenocarcinoma resection. Finally, the last chapter describes how the relatively new field of immunomodulatory effectors may be enhanced by their derivatization with peptide targeting ligands.
5

Nuclear fragmentation in particle therapy and space radiation protection: from the standard approach to the FOOT experiment

Colombi, Sofia 23 February 2021 (has links)
Today, the application of particle beams in cancer therapy is a well-established strategy and its combination with surgery and chemotherapy is becoming an increasingly reliable approach for some several clinical cases (e.g. skull base tumors). Currently, protons and 12C ions are used for patients’ treatment, due to their characteristic depth-dose deposition profile featuring a pronounced peak (the Bragg Peak) at the end of range. Clinical energies typically span between 60 and 250 MeV for protons and up to 400 MeV/u for 12C ions, in order to deliver treatments to various disease sites. Interactions between the primary beam and the patient’s body always occur during treatment, changing the primary radiation composition, energy and direction and thus affecting its depth dose and lateral profile. In carbon therapy, both projectile and target fragments can be generated during a treatment: the former are characterized by a kinetic energy spectrum peaked at the same energy of the primary beam and are mostly emitted in the forward direction; the latter are emitted with a much lower energy because they are produced from the target, which is at rest before the collision, and they are generated isotropically in the target frame. Moreover, the interaction of carbon ions with the patient's body is currently modeled in the treatment planning on the basis of experimental data measured in water. For all other biological materials, the contribution of nuclear interactions is taken into account by rescaling the values measured in water with a density factor. This approximation neglects the influence of the elemental composition, which might become relevant in cases where the material encountered by the beam significantly differs from water (e.g. bone or lung tissues) and result in a non-uniform and incorrect dose profile. Thus, experimental data with target different from water are clearly needed in order to correctly evaluate the contribution of all biological elements inside the human body. Treatments with protons can only generate target fragments, leading to the production of low-energy and therefore short-range fragments. Heavy secondary fragments will have a higher biological effectiveness than to protons, thus affecting the proton Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE, i.e. the ratio of photon to charged particles dose necessary to achieve the same biological effect), nowadays assumed as a constant value (RBE=1.1) in clinical practice. Another aspect related to nuclear interactions is the overlap between radiotherapy and space radiation protection. The group of particle species either currently available in radiotherapy or considered promising alternative candidates (i.e. Helium, Lithium and Oxygen) are among the most abundant in the space radiation environment. Moreover, the proton energy range used in radiotherapy is similar to that of Solar Particle Events (SPEs) and Van Allen trapped protons. The radiation environment in space can lead to serious health risks for astronauts, especially in long duration and far from Earth space missions (like human explorations to Mars). Protection against space radiation are of paramount importance for preserving the astronauts’ life. Today, the only possible countermeasure is passive shielding. Nuclear fragmentation processes can occur inside the spaceship hull, causing the production of lighter and highly penetrating radiation that must be considered when a shielding is designed. Therefore, experimental data for beam and targets combinations relevant in space radiation applications must be collected for characterizing the interaction of mixed generated radiation field and assess the radiation-induced health risk. Despite the many fundamental open issues in particle therapy and space radiation protection fields, such the ones mentioned above, the current lack of experimental fragmentation cross section data in their energy range of interest is undeniable. Thus, accurate measurements for different ions species with energies up to 1000 MeV/u would be of great importance in order to further optimize particles treatments and improve the shielding design of spaceship. Moreover, additional experimental data would be of great importance for benchmarking Monte Carlo codes, which are extensively used by the scientific communities in both research fields. In fact, the available transport codes suffer from many uncertainties and they need to be verified with reliable experimental data. Due to high energy and long range of projectile fragments, the standard approach for their identification is collect data from several detector types, usually two plastic scintillators coupled with a Barium Fluoride or LYSO crystal, placed both upstream or downstream the target, providing information about the charge, energy loss, the residual kinetic energy and the time of flight of the emitted fragments. This experimental setup allows the identification of particle species in terms of charge, isotope, emission angle and kinetic energy and it has been widely exploited to perform several fragmentation measurements, both in particle therapy and space application fields. An example is the ROSSINI (RadiatiOn Shielding by ISRU and/or INnovative materIals for EVA, Vehicle and Habitat) project financed by the European Space Agency (ESA) to select innovative shielding materials and provide recommendations on space radioprotection for different mission scenarios. However, such standard approach is not useful for the characterization of target fragments. In fact, because of their low energy and short range, a much more complex setup and finer experimental strategies are required for their detection. The FOOT (FragmentatiOn Of Target) experiment has been designed to measure fragment production cross sections with ~5% uncertainty. Target fragmentation induced by 50-250 MeV proton beams will be studied taking advantage of an inverse kinematic approach. Specifically, O, C and He beams impinging on different targets (e.g., C, C2H4) will be employed, thus boosting the fragments energy and making their detection possible. Fragmentation cross section of hydrogen will be then obtained by subtraction. The same configuration provides also a measurement of projectile fragments with the direct kinematics approach. FOOT experimental setup consists of two different apparatus: a dedicated “table-top” electronic setup, based on a magnetic spectrometer, were conceived for the detection of heavier fragments (Z≥3). Alternatively, an emulsion spectrometer was designed in order to measure the production of low Z fragments (Z≤3) that would not cross the whole magnetic spectrometer. The purpose of the work presented in this doctoral thesis is the experimental characterization of particles originated in nuclear fragmentation processes for targets and beams of interest for particle therapy and space radiation protection, providing inputs to improve the accuracy of Monte Carlo transport codes presently used. Data collected in experimental campaigns using the standard setup to study the interaction of 400 MeV/u 12C ions beam with bone-like materials and 1000 MeV/u 58Ni ions beam with targets relevant for space applications have been analyzed. The presented fragments characterization comprehends the fraction of primary particles surviving the target and the yield and kinetic energy spectra of charged particles emitted at several angles with respect to the primary beam direction. The )*Ni beam data were collected in the frame of the ROSSINI experiment and focused on characterizing secondary neutrons production. Moreover, the analysis of the performances and fragments reconstruction capabilities of the FOOT electronic setup has been accomplished with Monte Carlo simulations. A dedicated analysis software has been developed in order to reconstruct fragments charge and mass, energy yields and production cross sections. A preliminary analysis of experimental data collected by a partial FOOT electronic setup is presented as well.
6

Design Optimization and Plan Optimization for Particle Beam Therapy Systems / 粒子線治療システムを対象とした設計・計画最適化

Sakamoto, Yusuke 23 January 2024 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第25013号 / 工博第5190号 / 新制||工||1991(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科機械理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 泉井 一浩, 教授 小森 雅晴, 教授 井上 康博 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
7

Partikeltherapie-PET – Optimierung der Datenverarbeitung für die klinische Anwendung

Helmbrecht, Stephan 19 February 2015 (has links) (PDF)
Die Strahlentherapie ist einer der drei Partner im interdisziplinären Feld der Onkologie. In Europa, Asien und den USA besteht zunehmend die Möglichkeit einer Therapie mit Strahlen aus geladenen Ionen anstelle von Photonen. Eine Anlage in Dresden befindet sich in der Kommissionierungsphase. Die Ionenstrahltherapie bietet den Vorteil einer sehr konformalen Behandlung des Tumorvolumens durch die endliche Reichweite der Strahlen und ein ausgeprägtes Dosismaximum kurz vor dem Ende des Strahlpfades. Da eine Therapie in der Regel über bis zu 30 Sitzungen an verschiedenen Tagen durchgeführt wird und der Strahlweg stark von dem durchdrungenen Gewebe beeinflusst wird, sind Verfahren für eine in vivo Verifikation der Strahlapplikation wünschenswert. Eine dieser Methoden ist die Partikeltherapie–Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (PT-PET). Sie beruht auf der Messung der vom Therapiestrahl erzeugten β+-Aktivitätsverteilung. Da eine direkte Berechnung der Dosis aus der Aktivität in lebendem Gewebe nicht möglich ist, wird die gemessene Aktivitätsverteilung mit einer berechneten Vorhersage verglichen und anschließend entschieden, ob die nächste Therapiesitzung wie geplant erfolgen kann oder Anpassungen notwendig sind. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit drei Themen aus dem Bereich der Datenverarbeitung für die PT-PET. Im ersten Teil wird ein Algorithmus zur Bestimmung von Reichweitendifferenzen aus zwei β+- Aktivitätsverteilungen adaptiert und evaluiert. Dies geschieht zunächst anhand einer Simulationsstudie mit realen Patientendaten. Ein Ansatz für eine automatisierte Analyse der Daten lieferte keine zufriedenstellenden Ergebnisse. Daher wird ein Software-Prototyp für eine semiautomatische, assistierte Datenanalyse entwickelt. Die Evaluierung erfolgt durch Experimente mit Phantomen am 12C-Strahl. Die erzeugte Aktivitätsverteilung wird von physiologischen Prozessen im Organismus beeinflusst. Dies führt zu einer Entfernung von Emittern vom Ort ihrer Erzeugung und damit zu einer Verringerung der diagnostischen Wertigkeit der erfassten Verteilung. Zur Quantifizierung dieses als Washout bezeichneten Effektes existiert ein am Tierexperiment gewonnenes Modell. Dieses Modell wird im zweiten Teil der Arbeit auf reale Patientendaten angewendet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Modell grundsätzlich anwendbar ist und für die betrachtete Tumorlokalisation Schädelbasis ein Washout mit einer Halbwertszeit von (155,7±4,6) s existiert. Die Berechnung der Vorhersage der β+-Aktivitätsverteilung kann durch übliche Monte-Carlo-Verfahren erfolgen. Dabei werden die Wechselwirkungsquerschnitte zahlreicher Reaktionskanäle benötigt. Als alternatives Verfahren wurde die Verwendung gemessener Ausbeuten (Yields) radioaktiver Nuklide in verschiedenen Referenzmaterialien vorgeschlagen. Auf Basis einer vorhandenen Datenbank dieser Yields und einer existierenden Condensed-History-Monte-Carlo-Simulation wird ein Programm zur Berechnung von Aktivitätsverteilungen auf Yieldbasis entwickelt. Mit der Methode kann die β+-Aktivitätsverteilung in Phantomen und Patienten zufriedenstellend vorhergesagt werden. Die entwickelten Verfahren sollen einen Einsatz der PT-PET im klinischen Umfeld erleichtern und damit einen breiten Einsatz ermöglichen, um das volle Potential der Ionenstrahltherapie nutzbar zu machen.
8

The proton as a dosimetric and diagnostic probe / Le proton : sonde dosimétrique et diagnostique

Bopp, Cécile 13 October 2014 (has links)
L’imagerie proton est étudiée comme alternative à la tomodensitométrie X pour la planification de traitement en hadronthérapie. En obtenant directement les pouvoirs d’arrêt relatifs des tissus, l’incertitude sur le parcours des particules pourrait être réduite. Un scanner à protons est constitué d’un calorimètre ou d’un détecteur de parcours afin d’obtenir l’information sur l’énergie déposée par chaque proton dans l’objet imagé et de deux ensembles de trajectographes enregistrant la position et direction de chaque particule en amont et en aval de l’objet. Ce travail concerne l’étude des données d’un scanner à protons et l’utilisation possible de toutes les informations enregistrées. Une étude de reconstruction d’image a permis de montrer que les informations sur le taux de transmission et sur la déviation de chaque particule peuvent être utilisées pour produire des images aux propriétés visuelles intéressantes pour le diagnostic. La preuve de concept de la possibilité d’une imagerie quantitative utilisant ces informations est présentée. Ces résultats sont une première étape vers l’imagerie proton utilisant toutes les données enregistrées. / Proton computed tomography is being studied as an alternative to X-ray CT imaging for charged particle therapy treatment planning. By directly mapping the relative stopping power of the tissues, the uncertainty on the range of the particles could be reduced. A proton scanner consists in a calorimeter or range-meter to obtain the information on the energy lost by each proton in the object, as well as two sets of tracking planes to record the position and direction of each particle upstream and downstream from the object. This work concerns the study of the outputs of a proton scanner and the possible use of all the recorded information. A reconstruction study made it possible to show that the information on the transmission rate and on the scattering of each particle can be used to produce images with visual properties that could be of interest for diagnostics. The proof of concept of the possibility of quantitative imaging using this information is also put forward. These results are the first step towards a clinical use of proton imaging with all the recorded data.
9

Spatial fractionation of the dose in charged particle therapy / Fractionnement spatial de la dose en radiothérapie par particules chargées

Peucelle, Cécile 04 November 2016 (has links)
Malgré de récentes avancées, les traitements par radiothérapie (RT) demeurent insatisfaisants : la tolérance des tissus sains aux rayonnements limite la délivrance de fortes doses (potentiellement curatives) à la tumeur. Pour remédier à ce problème, de nouvelles approches basées sur des modes de dépôt de dose innovants sont aujourd’hui à l’étude. Parmi ces approches, la technique synchrotron “Minibeam Radiation Therapy” (MBRT) a démontré sa capacité à élever la résistance des tissus sains aux rayonnements, ainsi qu’à induire un important retard de croissance tumorale. La MBRT combine des faisceaux submillimétriques à un fractionnement spatial de la dose. Dans ce contexte, l’alliance de la balistique plus avantageuse des particules chargées (et leur sélectivité biologique) à la préservation des tissus sains observée en MBRT permettrait de préserver d’avantage les tissus sains. Cette stratégie innovante a été explorée durant ce travail de thèse. Deux voies ont notamment été étudiées: la MBRT par faisceaux de protons (pMBRT), et d’ions très lourds. Premièrement, la preuve de concept expérimentale de la pMBRT a été réalisée dans un centre clinique (Institut Curie, Centre de Protonthérapie d’Orsay). De plus, l'évaluation de potentielles optimisations de la pMBRT, à la fois en terme de configuration d’irradiation et de génération des minifaisceaux, a été menée dans une étude Monte Carlo (MC). Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, un nouvel usage potentiel des ions très lourds (néon et plus lourds) en radiothérapie a été évalué dans une étude MC. Les combiner à un fractionnement spatial permettrait de tirer profit de leur efficacité dans le traitement de tumeurs radiorésistantes (hypoxiques), un des principaux défis de la RT, tout en minimisant leurs effets secondaires. Les résultats obtenus au terme de ce travail sont favorables à une exploration approfondie de ces deux approches innovantes. Les données dosimétriques compilées dans ce manuscrit serviront à guider prochaines les expérimentations biologiques. / Despite recent breakthroughs, radiotherapy (RT) treatments remain unsatisfactory : the tolerance of normal tissues to radiations still limits the possibility of delivering high (potentially curative) doses in the tumour. To overcome these difficulties, new RT approaches using distinct dose delivery methods are being explored. Among them, the synchrotron minibeam radiation therapy (MBRT) technique has been shown to lead to a remarkable normal tissue resistance to very high doses, and a significant tumour growth delay. MBRT allies sub-millimetric beams to a spatial fractionation of the dose. The combination of the more selective energy deposition of charged particles (and their biological selectivity) to the well-established normal tissue sparing of MBRT could lead to a further gain in normal tissue sparing. This innovative strategy was explored in this Ph.D. thesis. In particular, two new avenues were studied: proton MBRT (pMBRT) and very heavy ion MBRT. First, the experimental proof of concept of pMBRT was performed at a clinical facility (Institut Curie, Orsay, France). In addition, pMBRT setup and minibeam generation were optimised by means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. In the second part of this work, a potential renewed use of very heavy ions (neon and heavier) for therapy was evaluated in a MC study. Combining such ions to a spatial fractionation could allow profiting from their high efficiency in the treatment of hypoxic radioresistant tumours, one of the main challenges in RT, while reducing at maximum their side effects. The promising results obtained in this thesis support further explorations of these two novel avenues. The dosimetry knowledge acquired will serve to guide the biological experiments.
10

Partikeltherapie-PET – Optimierung der Datenverarbeitung für die klinische Anwendung

Helmbrecht, Stephan January 2015 (has links)
Die Strahlentherapie ist einer der drei Partner im interdisziplinären Feld der Onkologie. In Europa, Asien und den USA besteht zunehmend die Möglichkeit einer Therapie mit Strahlen aus geladenen Ionen anstelle von Photonen. Eine Anlage in Dresden befindet sich in der Kommissionierungsphase. Die Ionenstrahltherapie bietet den Vorteil einer sehr konformalen Behandlung des Tumorvolumens durch die endliche Reichweite der Strahlen und ein ausgeprägtes Dosismaximum kurz vor dem Ende des Strahlpfades. Da eine Therapie in der Regel über bis zu 30 Sitzungen an verschiedenen Tagen durchgeführt wird und der Strahlweg stark von dem durchdrungenen Gewebe beeinflusst wird, sind Verfahren für eine in vivo Verifikation der Strahlapplikation wünschenswert. Eine dieser Methoden ist die Partikeltherapie–Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (PT-PET). Sie beruht auf der Messung der vom Therapiestrahl erzeugten β+-Aktivitätsverteilung. Da eine direkte Berechnung der Dosis aus der Aktivität in lebendem Gewebe nicht möglich ist, wird die gemessene Aktivitätsverteilung mit einer berechneten Vorhersage verglichen und anschließend entschieden, ob die nächste Therapiesitzung wie geplant erfolgen kann oder Anpassungen notwendig sind. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit drei Themen aus dem Bereich der Datenverarbeitung für die PT-PET. Im ersten Teil wird ein Algorithmus zur Bestimmung von Reichweitendifferenzen aus zwei β+- Aktivitätsverteilungen adaptiert und evaluiert. Dies geschieht zunächst anhand einer Simulationsstudie mit realen Patientendaten. Ein Ansatz für eine automatisierte Analyse der Daten lieferte keine zufriedenstellenden Ergebnisse. Daher wird ein Software-Prototyp für eine semiautomatische, assistierte Datenanalyse entwickelt. Die Evaluierung erfolgt durch Experimente mit Phantomen am 12C-Strahl. Die erzeugte Aktivitätsverteilung wird von physiologischen Prozessen im Organismus beeinflusst. Dies führt zu einer Entfernung von Emittern vom Ort ihrer Erzeugung und damit zu einer Verringerung der diagnostischen Wertigkeit der erfassten Verteilung. Zur Quantifizierung dieses als Washout bezeichneten Effektes existiert ein am Tierexperiment gewonnenes Modell. Dieses Modell wird im zweiten Teil der Arbeit auf reale Patientendaten angewendet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Modell grundsätzlich anwendbar ist und für die betrachtete Tumorlokalisation Schädelbasis ein Washout mit einer Halbwertszeit von (155,7±4,6) s existiert. Die Berechnung der Vorhersage der β+-Aktivitätsverteilung kann durch übliche Monte-Carlo-Verfahren erfolgen. Dabei werden die Wechselwirkungsquerschnitte zahlreicher Reaktionskanäle benötigt. Als alternatives Verfahren wurde die Verwendung gemessener Ausbeuten (Yields) radioaktiver Nuklide in verschiedenen Referenzmaterialien vorgeschlagen. Auf Basis einer vorhandenen Datenbank dieser Yields und einer existierenden Condensed-History-Monte-Carlo-Simulation wird ein Programm zur Berechnung von Aktivitätsverteilungen auf Yieldbasis entwickelt. Mit der Methode kann die β+-Aktivitätsverteilung in Phantomen und Patienten zufriedenstellend vorhergesagt werden. Die entwickelten Verfahren sollen einen Einsatz der PT-PET im klinischen Umfeld erleichtern und damit einen breiten Einsatz ermöglichen, um das volle Potential der Ionenstrahltherapie nutzbar zu machen.

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