Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Domestic violence (DV) in India is one of the most alarming issues that is experienced by over one-third (36.6%) of non-Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe (non SC/ST) women and nearly half (48%) of Scheduled Caste (SC) women (ages 15-49). DV and women’s empowerment are historically interlinked. The patriarchy embedded within social-cultural norms along with economic capability deprivation takes away the freedom of SC women to enjoy bodily safety in public and private spaces. Despite Constitutional measures, SC women continue to face violence-induced capability deprivation due to discrimination at three levels: caste, class, and gender. DV against SC women is an understudied area; there are scarcely any studies on DV in this population using national data. This research used data from the National Family Health Survey-III 2005-2006 (N = 12,069-SC women and N = 45,390- non-SC/ST women). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to examine DV trends amongst SC and non-SC/ST women. Contrary to the study’s hypothesis, having better empowerment (household-autonomy, healthcare decision-making, sexual-autonomy) increased the likelihood of women experiencing DV. However, the hypothesis relating to economic empowerment and autonomy was supported showing a reduced likelihood of DV. SC women were empowered when they had the capability to earn wages; however, they had no instrumental freedom to spend their own earnings. Similarly, empowerment indicators were shown to impact the likelihood of justifying the violence shaping women’s gender norms and attitudes. When compared with non-SC/ST, SC women who have economic and healthcare autonomy had lower odds of justifying DV. Exposure to DV in childhood, early marriage, and husbands’ alcohol abuse significantly enhanced the likelihood of DV. Across most of the indicators, the intensity of DV amongst SC women was relatively higher than non-SC/ST women. The findings emphasize the need for social work practice and policy to focus not only on empowering women in terms on economic and material well-being through ownership, but also assessing if this ownership have instrumental value in practice without the threat of DV. Future research can enhance understanding of DV by examining social exclusion, socio-cultural patriarchy, and the intersectionality of caste, class, gender, and other individualist and community factors. / 2 years

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Intimate partner violence is a problem in the United States (U.S.) military. Previous research has identified factors that increase a couple’s risk for engaging in violence. Most of these factors, such as age, alcohol, and relationship satisfaction are consistent across civilian and military samples. One factor that is unique to military samples is deployment; service members can be exposed to unique traumatic incidents while deployed which are generally unknown to most civilians. Deployments can also increase a service member’s risk for developing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which can increase their risk for intimate partner violence. Previous research on the effect of deployments on intimate partner violence has produced mixed results. The purpose of this study was to analyze if deployment, total length of deployment, combat experiences from deployment, and PTSD symptoms increased risk for Air Force airmen to perpetrate intimate partner violence at a moderate or severe level of violence. Survey data from a representative sample of active duty Air Force airmen (N = 1,501) was used to conduct Chi-Square analyses and multinomial logistic regression models for perpetrated violence. Results of the study showed that deployment and combat experiences were not significant predictors of perpetrated violence. PTSD symptoms, in addition to alcohol misuse and relationship satisfaction, were significant predictors of moderate and severe perpetrated violence. In terms of practice and policy implications, the study results underscore the importance of widespread screening for these risk factors as well as the availability of interventions focused on alcohol use and relationship issues among service members. Future research could determine if PTSD symptoms moderate the relationship between combat experiences and intimate partner violence.

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The current study was based on Hester and Jacquin’s (2011) study of juror bias in a trial in which a woman killed her abusive husband. Specifically, this study examined the influence of the husband’s alcohol use, the wife’s alcohol use, the wife’s diagnosis, and evidence of domestic violence on mock jurors (N = 518). Results indicated that the wife’s alcohol use impacted her negatively at trial. When she was intoxicated, jurors perceived her to be more to blame for her actions and for the abuse she received from her husband. Gender differences were present among mock jurors; females gave lower guilt ratings than males, suggesting that females sympathized with the female defendant.

Thesis advisor: Alyssa Goldman / Thesis advisor: Sara Moorman / How do lesbian, gay and heterosexual couples experience emotional intimate partnerviolence (IPV) and relationship satisfaction? And how are these associations affected by differences in power, stress and discrimination? This research aims to fill the gap in literature by examining how emotional IPV and relationship satisfaction may be differently shaped by power, stress and discrimination among gay, lesbian and heterosexual couples. To address this research question, I use data from the Health and Relationships Project, in hierarchical linear models to explore the differences between gay (N=248), lesbian (N=342) and straight (N=248) respondents' experiences of emotional intimate partner violence and relationship satisfaction within couples. Using dyadic data, the actor-partner interdependence models also test the mediating roles of stress, discrimination and feelings of equal power. Findings indicate that overall, lesbians experience the least amount of emotional intimate partner violence and the greatest amount of relationship satisfaction, while straight respondents experience the most amount of emotional intimate partner violence and the least amount of relationship satisfaction. Furthermore, feelings of equal power mediate this relationship. These findings contradict past literature, which suggests that same-sex couples would experience more emotional IPV than their heterosexual counterparts. This indicates that more research is needed to explore the numerous variables at play for same-sex and different-sex emotional IPV and relationship satisfaction, as there are unique differences in power, stress and discrimination between these groups. / Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2023. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology.

<p>  </p> <p>Sexual aggression occurs at alarming rates on college campuses, wherein upwards of one-third of college women report some form of sexual victimization during their college careers. While individuals of any gender may perpetrate or experience sexual aggression, this form of violence is disproportionately perpetrated by men against women. Numerous risk factors for perpetrating sexual aggression have been identified, with prominent etiological, conceptual, and explanatory models of sexual aggression all emphasizing the role of impelling risk factors—which includes dispositional or personality traits that may serve to increase proclivity to sexually aggress, as well as attitudes, beliefs, and assumptions that contribute to sexually aggressive behaviors. Despite the proliferation of research on impelling risk factors for perpetrating sexual aggression, there is little consensus on how these constructs are operationalized and to what extent similarities and dissimilarities exist between existing measures of impellance for sexual aggression. Therefore, first aim of the present study seeks to examine the underlying factor structure of impelling risk factors for sexual aggression perpetration. Importantly, personality traits may represent an important non-specific impellor for sexual aggression; yet few researchers have examined the role of normal and pathological personality traits in predicting perpetration of sexual aggression, despite the robust literature on the role of personality in predicting other forms of aggression and violence. As a result, the present study also examined the role of both normal and pathological personality traits in independently and while controlling for the effect of emergent factors of impellance in predicting sexually-aggressive outcomes. Furthermore, exploratory analyses were conducted to examine the incremental validity of emergent factors of impellance above and beyond the role normal and pathological personality traits in predicting sexually-aggressive outcomes. Participants included <em>N</em> = 275 men between the ages of 18 and 26 from a large public university in the midwestern region of the United States, who completed an online survey assessing impelling risk factors for sexual aggression, normal personality, pathological personality, coercive condom use resistance, sexual-intimate partner violence, sexual assault perpetration, sexual objectification, and post-refusal sexual coercion. Results from the principal component analysis suggested that a three-factor solution best explained the variance in existing measures of impellance. Results from regression analyses indicated that normal personality significantly predicted all five sexually-aggressive outcomes, and that pathological personality significantly predict four of the study’s sexually-aggressive outcomes. After controlling for the effect of impelling risk factors for sexual aggression, both normal and pathological personality traits only accounted for additional variance not explained by measures of impellance for coercive condom use resistance and sexual objectification. Broadly, results identifying the underlying factor structure of impellance align with existing theoretical models of sexual aggression; however, results from the present study also extend these models by presenting a more granular, nuanced, and differentiated view of risk factors that were previously conceptualized to perform similarly. In addition, results from the present study underscore the importance of both normal and pathological personality traits in predicting sexually-aggressive outcomes. Despite this, results from the present study also suggest that after accounting for impelling risk factors of sexual aggression, personality may only help predict minimal additional variance in sexually-aggressive outcomes. Implications for both the screening and assessment of men at risk of perpetration sexually aggression, as well as recommendations for the prevention of sexual violence are discussed.</p>

Background: One third of all women in the world are exposed to violence, it is a global public health problem. Violence in a close relationship can be problematic to detect because signs of violence can appear in several different ways. The nurse area of expertise has a significant role when it comes to identifying women exposed to violence in order to be able to promote health. The nurse's response can be a crucial part of whether the woman dares to talk about her exposure to violence. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the nurse's experiences of dealing with women who have been subjected to violence in a close relationship Method: A literature study based on a qualitative method where eight articles were analyzed with Friberg's five-step model. Results: The results of the literature study draw attention to factors that affect the nurse in the meeting with the woman exposed to violence in a close relationship. The results were divided into two main themes and five sub-themes  Conclusion: The meeting with the woman who is exposed to violence in a close relationship is experienced as complicated. Nurses need more knowledge, support and clear guidelines to feel confident in meeting the women. To be able to break preconceived notions and normsabout violence in close relationships, a broader awareness in society is needed.

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