Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:21:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leide Bela de Brito Analia da Costa.pdf: 14097157 bytes, checksum: ef142a60ad871fc588a174abb2a4b674 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Through a reflection on the history and tradition of religion in Brazil, a legacy not only of the formative process of Brazilian society, but also of the current transformation, reordering and configuration process within Brazilian religiosity, this work seeks to understand the event The Way of Anchieta , also known as The Path of Anchieta , in the universe of Christian pilgrimages. The event reconstructs the historic path walked by father Anchieta in the region of Espírito Santo in the XVI century. In the context of this study, we understand that this walk is a most perfect metaphor for life: the trip we undertake in time, from the cradle to the grave. Thus, the walk teaches us to find ourselves in times of individual reflection, and to find others in the sharing of the same steps of the path. So an attempt will be made to understand how the ritualised experience undergone in life, is duplicated in the walk, reappraising everyday life and bringing new meaning to the experience of what is real and what is transcendent. Since the rote of the pilgrimage enriches this ritual, updating the experience of the walk in a pedagogic dimension where the pilgrimage as lived spatiality permits the reworking and transmission of the personal and collective experience as space even for new understandings of the human dimension. How do the participants in the The Way of Anchieta see the experience of walking the path and what meaning they attribute to it. The event here is understood to be hybrid space which is a result of the dynamic of a social process which permeates traditional and modern aspects and of the symbolic construction of principles and values which make the pilgrimage a renewed practice and an emergent channel for new practices and for new social actors, giving this phenomenon a new feel, value and meaning. Since the 90s, this dynamic has been gaining visibility in the Brazilian urban space. In the current context, the event has established itself as one more possibility for a topical rereading of Catholicism and of the Christian experience in the contemporary era. Our hypothesis is that the The Way of Anchieta acts as a reordering of social identities and outlines a new ethos of the impacting, both individual and collective insertion, on contemporary Capixaba society / Considerando a história e a tradição religiosa no Brasil herdada do processo de formação da sociedade brasileira, bem como, o atual processo de transformação, re-ordenação e configuração atual do campo religioso brasileiro, este trabalho busca compreender o evento Passos de Anchieta, também conhecido como Caminho de Anchieta no universo das peregrinações cristãs. O evento reconstitui o caminho histórico percorrido pelo padre Anchieta no século XVI em terras do Espírito Santo. No contexto deste estudo, entendemos que a caminhada é a mais perfeita metáfora da vida: àquela viagem que empreendemos no tempo, desde o berço até o túmulo. Nesse sentido, a caminhada nos ensina a nos encontrarmos com nós mesmos em momentos de reflexão a sós e a nos encontrarmos com o outro, ao partilharmos o mesmo trecho do caminho. Assim, busca-se compreender como a experiência ritual que se experimenta na vida, se repete no caminho, redimensionando a vida cotidiana e re-significando a experiência do real e do transcendente. Como a rota de peregrinação agrega valor a esse ritual atualizando a experiência da caminhada numa dimensão pedagógica onde a peregrinação como espacialidade vivida, permite a re-elaboração e transmissão da experiência pessoal e coletiva enquanto espaço-mesmo de novas aprendizagens da dimensão humana. Como os andarilhos dos Passos de Anchieta interpretam sua experiência de fazer o caminho e que sentidos lhe atribuem. O evento aqui está sendo entendido como espaço híbrido que se constitui na dinâmica de um processo social de permeia aspectos tradicionais e modernos e, na construção simbólica de princípios e valores que faz da peregrinação uma prática renovada e um veículo de emergência de novas práticas e de novos atores sociais, dando a esse fenômeno, outro sentido, valor e significado. No Brasil, essa dinâmica vem ganhando visibilidade no espaço urbano desde os anos 90. No contexto atual, o evento vem instituindose socialmente como mais uma possibilidade de re-leitura contemporânea do catolicismo e da experiência cristã na contemporaneidade. Nossa hipótese é que, o Caminho de Anchieta atua na reordenação de identidades sociais e delineia um novo ethos de inserção individual e coletiva de impacto na contemporânea sociedade capixaba

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GislaineBPF_TESE.pdf: 3300091 bytes, checksum: 8adeb890624a95fdc27ae7d6a3f52ad8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-19 / Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy in electrical energy by a reaction directly. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) works in temperature between 900?C up to 1000?C, Nowadays the most material for ceramic electrolytes is yttria stabilized zirconium. However, the high operation temperature can produce problems as instability and incompatibility of materials, thermal degradation and high cost of the surround materials. These problems can be reduced with the development of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) that works at temperature range of 600?C to 800?C. Ceria doped gadolinium is one of the most promising materials for electrolytes IT-SOFC due high ionic conductivity and good compatibility with electrodes. The inhibition of grain growth has been investigated during the sintering to improve properties of electrolytes. Two-step sintering (TSS) is an interesting technical to inhibit this grain growth and consist at submit the sample at two stages of temperature. The first one stage aims to achieve the critical density in the initiating the sintering process, then the sample is submitted at the second stage where the temperature sufficient to continue the sintering without accelerate grain growth until to reach total densification. The goal of this work is to produce electrolytes of ceria doped gadolinium by two-step sintering. In this context were produced samples from micrometric and nanometric powders by two routes of two-step sintering. The samples were obtained with elevate relative density, higher than 90% using low energy that some works at the same area. The average grain size are at the range 0,37 μm up to 0,51 μm. The overall ionic conductivity is 1,8x10-2 S.cm and the activation energy is 0,76 eV. Results shown that is possible to obtain ceria-doped gadolinium samples by two-step sintering technique using modified routes with characteristics and properties necessary to apply as electrolytes of solid oxide fuel cell / As c?lulas a combust?vel s?o dispositivos eletroqu?micos que convertem energia qu?mica em energia el?trica por uma rea??o direta. As c?lulas a combust?veis de ?xido s?lidos (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - SOFC) operam em temperaturas entre 900 e 1000?C, com eletr?litos de cer?mica. Atualmente o material mais utilizado ? a zirc?nia estabilizada com ?tria, no entanto a alta temperatura de opera??o pode causar problemas de instabilidade e incompatibilidade de materiais, degrada??o t?rmica e alto custo dos materiais perif?ricos. Com a inten??o de minimizar esses problemas, s?o realizadas pesquisas para desenvolver c?lulas a combust?vel de ?xido s?lido de temperatura intermedi?ria (IT-SOFC) que operam na faixa de temperatura de 600 a 800?C, utilizando c?ria dopada com gadol?nia como um dos mais promissores materiais para eletr?litos de IT-SOFC devido ? alta condutividade i?nica e uma boa compatibilidade com os eletrodos. Formas de inibir o crescimento do gr?o durante a sinteriza??o para melhorar as propriedades dos eletr?litos s?o investigadas. Para tal, ? utilizada a t?cnica de sinteriza??o em dois passo (two-step sintering - TSS), que consiste em submeter a amostra a dois est?gios de temperatura. O primeiro est?gio visa atingir a densidade cr?tica para dar in?cio ao processo de sinteriza??o. Em seguida a amostra ? submetida a um segundo est?gio de temperatura capaz de dar continuidade ? sinteriza??o sem que haja acelerado crescimento de gr?o, at? sua total densifica??o. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir eletr?litos de c?ria dopada com gadol?nia pelo processo de sinteriza??o em dois passos. Neste contexto foram produzidas amostras a partir de p?s microm?tricos e nanom?tricos atrav?s de duas rotas de sinteriza??o em dois passos. Foram obtidas amostras com elevada densidade relativa, superior a 90%. Os tamanhos m?dios de gr?os obtidos est?o na faixa de 0,37 μm a 0,51 μm. Foram obtidas amostras com condutividade i?nica total de 1,8x10-2 S.cm e energia de ativa??o de 0,76 eV. A partir dos resultados obtidos neste trabalho, foi poss?vel obter amostras de c?ria dopada com gadol?nia atrav?s da t?cnica de sinteriza??o em dois passos, utilizando rotas modificadas com caracter?sticas e propriedades necess?rias para serem aplicadas como eletr?litos de c?lulas a combust?vel de ?xido s?lido

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TATIANA EMANUELE BRITO FELGA.pdf: 14299407 bytes, checksum: 36cae57d34268a8d45222e94ed6c6fb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-23 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This study aims to examine two manuals essay written by Leonor Posada in the 1940s, to highlight the concept of language and its relationship with the educational politics force. His books coincide with the introduction of Commission National Textbook, an initiative of State in the management of the Minister of Education Gustavo Capanema. Works clearly obey the restrictions of Reform, both in relation to the use of cultivated language, and in relation to education advocated by the School New. This work thus aims to contribute to History of Linguistic Ideas / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os manuais de redação escritos por Leonor Posada, na década de 1940, a fim de evidenciar a concepção de língua e de linguagem e sua relação com as políticas educacionais vigentes. Seus livros coincidem com a instituição da Comissão Nacional do Livro Didático, uma iniciativa do Estado na gestão do Ministro de Educação Gustavo Capanema. As obras obedecem claramente às imposições da Reforma, tanto em relação ao uso da língua culta, quanto em relação ao ensino preconizado pela Escola Nova. Este trabalho, assim, pretende contribuir com a História das Idéias Linguísticas

ABSTRACT This study focuses on twenty-one particular texts published in 1925 as contemporaries of The Great Gatsby. The manuscript is divided into four categories—The Impressionists, The Experimentalists, The Realists, and The Independents. Among The Impressionists are F. Scott Fitzgerald himself, Willa Cather (The Professor’s House), Sherwood Anderson (Dark Laughter), William Carlos Williams (In the American Grain), Elinor Wylie (The Venetian Glass Nephew), John Dos Passos (Manhattan Transfer), and William Faulkner (New Orleans Sketches). The Experimentalists are Gertrude Stein (The Making of Americans), E. E. Cummings (& aka “Poems 48-96”), Ezra Pound (A Draft of XVI Cantos), T. S. Eliot (“The Hollow Men”), Laura Riding (“Summary for Alastor”), and John Erskine (The Private Life of Helen of Troy). The Realists are Theodore Dreiser (An American Tragedy), Edith Wharton (The Mother’s Recompense), Upton Sinclair (Mammonart), Ellen Glasgow (Barren Ground), Sinclair Lewis (Arrowsmith), James Boyd (Drums), and Ernest Hemingway (In Our Time). The Independents are Archibald MacLeish (The Pot of Earth) and Robert Penn Warren (“To a Face in a Crowd”). Although these twenty-two texts may in some cases represent literary fragmentations, each in its own way also represents a coherent response to the spirit of the times that is in one way or another cognate to The Great Gatsby. The fact that all these works appeared the same year is special because the authors, if not already famous, would become famous, and their works were or would come to represent classic American literature around the world. The twenty-two authors either knew each other personally or knew each other’s works. Naturally, they were also influenced by writings of international authors and philosophers. The greatest common elements among the poets and fiction writers are their uninhibited interest in sex, an absorbing cynicism about life, and the frequent portrayal of disintegration of the family, a trope for what had happened to the countries and to the “family of nations” that experienced the Great War. In 1925, it would seem, Fitzgerald and many of his writing peers—some even considered his betters—channeled a major spirit of the times, and Fitzgerald did it more successfully than almost anyone.