No description available.

No description available.

This project's purpose was to understand the workings of a new theorem introduced in a professional paper on the cutwidth of meshes and then use this knowledge to apply it to the search for the cyclic cutwidth of the n-cube.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Bibliography: leaves 78-83.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-66).

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a inserÃÃo profissional tardia de mulheres nomercado de trabalho. O aumento da participaÃÃo feminina no mercado de trabalho à tendÃncia e fenÃmeno mundiais, consequÃncia nÃo apenas do desenvolvimento do prÃprio capitalismo, como tambÃm da transformaÃÃo dos valores, pressupostos e crenÃas relativos à participaÃÃo da mulher na sociedade e de uma reconfiguraÃÃo de papÃis no plano familiar. Referidas mudanÃas se acham em curso e nÃo se fazem sem contradiÃÃes e assimetrias, sobretudo nos planos dos rendimentos e do acesso a oportunidades de maior relevÃncia e cotaÃÃo financeira e simbÃlica no mercado, em comparaÃÃo com o contingente masculino. Na populaÃÃo e no mercado de trabalho brasileiro hà um nÃmero nÃo estimado, mas certamente significativo de mulheres que optaram, no inÃcio das suas vidas laborais, pela vivÃncia da maternidade e da experiÃncia familiar em detrimento do desenvolvimento laboral, para, anos mais tarde, e por razÃes diversas, retomar o percurso profissional, configurando o que, nesta pesquisa, denominamos de âinserÃÃo tardiaâ no mercado de trabalho. A inserÃÃo tardia ocorre em idade prÃxima à maturidade, em torno dos 40 anos, processo denominado âearly carrerâ, associado com pessoas na faixa dos 20 anos. O estudo tem natureza qualitativa, classificando-se como pesquisa descritiva. Quanto aos meios, trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, na modalidade estudo de casos mÃltiplos, por meio da tÃcnica de histÃria de vida, tendo como sujeitos seis mulheres selecionadas por meio da tÃcnica snowball sampling. Na coleta e anÃlise de dados, adotaram-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas e o denominado procedimento analÃtico geral (COLLIS; HUSSEY, 2005), que norteia os referidos procedimentos em categorias analÃticas teoricamente fundamentadas e prÃ-estabelecidas. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os elementos motivadores da inserÃÃo tardia estÃo relacionados tanto ao desejo de realizaÃÃo pessoal e de independÃncia financeira, como tambÃm à necessidade de complementaÃÃo da renda familiar. Dentre as opÃÃes assalariada e empreendedora, percebeu-se uma maior inclinaÃÃo por esta Ãltima. Nessas trajetÃrias de carreira, constituem-se fatores facilitadores, a experiÃncia pessoal de natureza social adquirida com a maturidade, alÃm da maneira como a pessoa madura convive com a otimizaÃÃo do fator tempo. Por outro lado, a falta de experiÃncia objetiva e concreta se faz presente como elemento dificultador da inserÃÃo e posicionamento no mercado de trabalho, sobretudo na evidenciaÃÃo de uma expectativa que se produz pela defasagem etÃria e das expectativas de experiÃncias esperadas de uma mulher em fase de maturidade pessoal. O estudo revelou experiÃncias complexas, mas significativas no plano da autorrealizaÃÃo e das perspectivas profissionais futuras. / This study aimed to assess the employability of women late in the labor market. The increase in female participation in the labor market trend and phenomenon is worldwide, not just a consequence of the development of capitalism itself, but also the transformation of values, beliefs and assumptions regarding the participation of women in society and a reconfiguration of roles in the family plan. Think these changes are ongoing and are not without contradictions and asymmetries, primarily at income and access to opportunities for greater relevance and financial and symbolic price in the market, compared with the male contingent. In the population and the Brazilian labor market is a number not estimated, but certainly significant in women who have chosen at the beginning of their working lives, the experience of motherhood and family experience to the detriment of the development work for a few years later and various reasons, resume, career setting which, in this research, we call "late insertion" in market trabalho.A late insertion occurs near the mature-age, around 40 years, a process called "early carrer," associated with people in their 20s. The study is qualitative in nature, being classified as descriptive research. As for the means, it is a field in multiple-case study method, using the technique of life history, and six women selected as subjects through the snowball sampling technique. During data collection and data analysis was adopted semistructured interviews and general analytical procedure known (COLLIS, HUSSEY, 2005) which governs the procedures referred to in theoretically based analytical categories and preestablished. The survey results show that the late inclusion of motivating factors are related both to the desire for personal fulfillment and financial independence, but also the need to supplement family income. Among the employment and entrepreneurial options, we noticed a greater affinity for the latter. These career paths are the facilitating factors, personal experience of a social nature gained in maturity, and the way a mature person lives with the optimization of the time factor. On the other hand, the lack of concrete and objective experience is present as an impediment to the insertion and positioning in the labor market, especially in the expectation that disclosure of a gap is produced by the group and the expectations of experience expected of a woman being personal maturity. The study revealed complex experiments, but significant in terms of self-realization and future career prospects.

Dans cette thèse nous étudions différents problèmes de graphes et multigraphes arêtes-coloriés tels que la connexité propre, la coloration forte d'arêtes et les chaînes et cycles hamiltoniens propres. Enfin, nous améliorons l'algorithme connu $O(n^4)$ pour décider du comportement d'un graphe sous opérateur biclique, en étudiant les bicliques dans les graphes sans faux jumeaux. Plus précisément, 1) Nous étudions d'abord le nombre $k$-connexité-propre des graphes, noté $pc_k(G)$, ç'est à dire le nombre minimum de couleurs nécessaires pour colorer les arêtes d'un graphe de façon à ce qu'entre chaque paire de sommets, ils existent $k$ chemins intérieurement sommet-disjoints. Nous prouvons plusieurs bornes supérieures pour $pc_k(G)$. Nous énonçons quelques conjectures pour les graphes généraux et bipartis et nous les prouvons dans le cas où $k = 1$. 2) Nous étudions l'existence de chaînes et de cycles hamiltoniens propres dans les multigraphes arêtes-coloriés. Nous établissons des conditions suffisantes, en fonction de plusieurs paramètres tels que le nombre d'arêtes, le degré arc-en-ciel, la connexité, etc. 3) Nous montrons que l'indice chromatique fort est linéaire au degré maximum pour tout graphe $k$-dégénéré où, $k$ est fixe. En corollaire, notre résultat conduit à une amélioration des constantes et donne également un algorithme plus simple et plus efficace pour cette famille de graphes. De plus, nous considérons les graphes planaires extérieurs. Nous donnons une formule pour trouver l'indice chromatique fort exact pour les graphes bipartis planaires extérieurs. Nous améliorons également la borne supérieure pour les graphes planaires extérieurs généraux. 4) Enfin, nous étudions les bicliques dans les graphes sans faux jumeaux et nous présentons ensuite un algorithme $O(n+m)$ pour reconnaître les graphes convergents et divergents en améliorant l'algorithme $O(n^4)$. / In this thesis, we study different problems in edge-colored graphs and edge-colored multigraphs, such as proper connection, strong edge colorings, and proper hamiltonian paths and cycles. Finally, we improve the known $O(n^4)$ algorithm to decide the behavior of a graph under the biclique operator, by studying bicliques in graphs withoutfalse-twin vertices. In particular: 1) We first study the $k$-proper-connection number of graphs, this is, the minimum number of colors needed to color the edges of a graph such that between any pair of vertices there exist $k$ internally vertex-disjoint paths. We denote this number $pc_k(G)$. We prove several upper bounds for $pc_k(G)$. We state some conjectures for general and bipartite graphs, and we prove all of them for the case $k=1$. 2) Then, we study the existence of proper hamiltonian paths and proper hamiltonian cycles in edge-colored multigraphs. We establish sufficient conditions, depending on several parameters such as the number of edges, the rainbow degree, the connectivity, etc. 3) Later, we showthat the strong chromatic index is linear in the maximum degree for any $k$-degenerate graph where $k$ is fixed. As a corollary, our result leads to considerable improvement of the constants and also gives an easier and more efficient algorithm for this familly of graphs. Next, we consider outerplanar graphs. We give a formula to find exact strong chromatic index for bipartite outerplanar graphs. We also improve the upper bound for general outerplanar graphs from the $3\Delta-3$ bound. 4) Finally, we study bicliques in graphs without false-twin vertices and then we present an $O(n+m)$ algorithm to recognize convergent and divergent graphs improving the $O(n^4)$ known algorithm.