Theoretical part writes down an audit history from the beginning till its present form, world trend and present legislation in Czech Republic. First part is also focused on definition and description of external and internal audit and their comparison. General auditing procedures for verifying financial statements are described within theoretical part too. Practical part focuses on particular auditing procedures for verifying receivables and payables which were applied by auditor for real company.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:57:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao- Rita de Cassia Abreu Mascarenhas.pdf: 947995 bytes, checksum: 101de5a6ac535cec24d203cf4201b180 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The major issue to be dealt with in this research work consists in reviewing the transparency of the accounting information made public by the Federal Government in respect of remainder payables. In the attainment of this general research objective three specific objectives were drafted, namely: (i) to identify the necessary accounting requirements to the production of transparent information; (ii) to verify the existence of cancellation of remainder payables and their respective effects, both as to the Remainder Payables and the Executed Expenses; (iii) to examine the research findings under the light of the applicable theory, so as to indicate possible failures related to the transparency matrix. With a view towards attaining the first specific objective, still at the theoretical foundation, a transparency matrix was designed, representing the necessary presuppositions to the production of a transparent accounting information system. The research work is classified as explanatory as to its objectives; as documental analysis as to the procedures and a qualitative approach was carried as to the problematique. The period was delimited to the 2002-2006 period and the data have been drawn from the functional classification of the expenditure. The results of the work have indicated a compromising in the transparency ranging from null to full in the functions under review. Such results, therefore, have allowed us to conclude that the publication carried out by the Government relative to the remainder payables and the executed expenses have failed to present themselves as transparent in a great number of functions. / A problemática fundamental desse trabalho de pesquisa consiste em analisar a transparência de informações contábeis divulgadas pelo Governo Federal, no que concerne a Restos a Pagar. Para consecução desse objetivo geral de pesquisa, foram elaborados três objetivos específicos, quais sejam: (i) identificar os requisitos contábeis necessários à produção de informação transparente; (ii) averiguar a existência de cancelamento de Restos a Pagar e seus respectivos efeitos, tanto nas contas de Restos a Pagar quanto de Despesa Executada; (iii) examinar os achados da pesquisa, a luz da teoria concernente, de modo a apontar possíveis falhas relacionadas à matriz de transparência. Com vistas a cumprir o primeiro objetivo específico, foi elaborada, ainda, na fundamentação teórica, uma matriz de transparência com base na teoria existente, a qual apresenta os pressupostos necessários à produção de informação contábil transparente. A pesquisa é classificada em explicativa, quanto aos objetivos; em análise documental, quanto aos procedimentos e foi realizada abordagem qualitativa da problemática. A pesquisa foi delimitada no período de 2002 a 2006 e os dados foram extraídos com base na classificação funcional da despesa. Os resultados do trabalho apontam para um comprometimento da transparência, variando de nulo a pleno, nas funções sob análise. Desse modo, esses resultados permitem concluir que a divulgação realizada pelo governo, no que concerne a restos a pagar e despesa executada, não se apresenta, para um grande número de funções, de forma transparente.

The diploma thesis deals with issues concerning the creation o internal corporate guidelines. The theoretical part focuses on internal corporate guidelines more broadly and on their creation and content. Furthermore the thesis deals with payables with regard to new legal requirements. In the practical part I have proposed the internal corporate guideline titled "Definition of principles for the creation and management of allowances."

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the management of working capital in company Bayer s.r.o., primarily to find the weak points and to suggest measures for their improvement. First of all the company results will be evaluated based on financial analysis. Subsequently the managing process of particular working capital components will be assessed, i.e. inventories, receivables, cash and payables. The resulting findings will be interpreted and completed by proposal of measures and recommendations, which should ensure a higher efficiency of working capital management and therefore release funds, which can be used for further company development and increase its value.

This thesis examines the relationship between working capital efficiency and firm profitability, and how this relationship is affected by economic fluctuations. In the existing literature, the relationship between working capital efficiency and firm profitability has been extensively researched. However, the impact of economic fluctuations on the relationship between working capital efficiency and firm profitability is sparsely researched. To the best of our knowledge, only Enqvist, Graham and Nikkinen (2014) have addressed the impact ofeconomic fluctuations on the relationship between working capital efficiency and firm profitability. This thesis is a replication of their study in another geographical setting, another time period and studying different types of firms. Using a sample of 2,589 firm-year observations of listed Swedish firms for the years 2000-2015, this thesis conducts multiple regression analysis to examine the relationship between working capital efficiency and firm profitability. The findings of this thesis propose that firms can enhance profitability by improving their working capital efficiency. However, the relationship between working capital efficiency and firm profitability does not appear to be significantly affected by economic fluctuations. This thesis contributes to the existing literature by further strengthening the understanding of the relationship between working capital efficiency and firm profitability. In addition, it also adds to the existing literature on the relationship between working capital efficiency and firm profitability in a Swedish context.

Considerando a importância da avaliação do sistema de Contas a Pagar, bem como os riscos envolvidos, e que as entidades privadas sem finalidade de lucros devem obedecer, primeiramente, os princípios fundamentais e as normas da Contabilidade, o que se constata na realidade é que essas entidades não vem dando a devida atenção a estes procedimentos. Por isso, este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o Sistema de Contas a Pagar de uma dessas instituições, e apresentar sugestões para a segurança e o aperfeiçoamento do Sistema. A organização estudada é sem fins lucrativos e se dedica à capacitação de servidores municipais nas várias áreas de atuação municipal. Primeiramente, buscou-se, por meio de referências bibliográficas, estabelecer o conceito de auditoria, suas origens, evolução da mesma no Brasil e a sua divisão em Auditoria Independente e Auditoria Interna. Num segundo momento foi analisado o sistema contábil existente, com especial atenção ao módulo do Contas a Pagar. Essa análise demonstrou haver fragilidades no sistema de controle interno. Constatada essa situação, foi então desenvolvida toda uma série de instrumentos e de procedimentos para dotar a organização de um sistema de Contas a Pagar confiável, bem como adotar uma sistemática de controles por projetos. Uma vez adotados os sistemas propostos será possível à organização controlar, efetivamente, o seu Contas a Pagar e a ter, tempestivamente, uma visão dos riscos envolvidos. Além disso, a nova formatação do sistema por projetos permitirá operacionalizar as prestações de contas aos stakeholders envolvidos. / Considering the importance of evaluating a Payables system, as well as the risks involved, and that the non-profit private entities must obey, first of all, the Accounting fundamental principles and norms, what we find in the day to day reality is that such entities are not giving the appropriate attention to these procedures. Thus, this study aims at evaluating the Payables System of one of these institutions, and presenting suggestions to the safeguard and betterment of the System. The organization studied is a non-profit one and it is dedicated to capacitating county personnel in the various areas of the municipal activities. Firstly, by using the available bibliographic references, the concept of Auditing, its origins and its evolution in Brazil, and its ramification in Independent Audit and in Internal Audit. have been established Afterward, the existing accounting system has been analyzed with special emphasis on the Payables module. This analysis has shown that a whole serie o fragilities did exist in their internal control system. Based on these findings a whole lot of instruments and procedures have been developed so that the organization would have a trustworthy Payables system, as well as an indication to provide the organization with a systematic projects control system. Whenever the proposed systems are implemented it will be possible to the organization to effectively control its Payables and to have, forthrightly, a perception of the risks involved. Furthermore, the new projects system format will enable the organization to be more accountable to all its stakeholders.

Considerando a importância da avaliação do sistema de Contas a Pagar, bem como os riscos envolvidos, e que as entidades privadas sem finalidade de lucros devem obedecer, primeiramente, os princípios fundamentais e as normas da Contabilidade, o que se constata na realidade é que essas entidades não vem dando a devida atenção a estes procedimentos. Por isso, este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o Sistema de Contas a Pagar de uma dessas instituições, e apresentar sugestões para a segurança e o aperfeiçoamento do Sistema. A organização estudada é sem fins lucrativos e se dedica à capacitação de servidores municipais nas várias áreas de atuação municipal. Primeiramente, buscou-se, por meio de referências bibliográficas, estabelecer o conceito de auditoria, suas origens, evolução da mesma no Brasil e a sua divisão em Auditoria Independente e Auditoria Interna. Num segundo momento foi analisado o sistema contábil existente, com especial atenção ao módulo do Contas a Pagar. Essa análise demonstrou haver fragilidades no sistema de controle interno. Constatada essa situação, foi então desenvolvida toda uma série de instrumentos e de procedimentos para dotar a organização de um sistema de Contas a Pagar confiável, bem como adotar uma sistemática de controles por projetos. Uma vez adotados os sistemas propostos será possível à organização controlar, efetivamente, o seu Contas a Pagar e a ter, tempestivamente, uma visão dos riscos envolvidos. Além disso, a nova formatação do sistema por projetos permitirá operacionalizar as prestações de contas aos stakeholders envolvidos. / Considering the importance of evaluating a Payables system, as well as the risks involved, and that the non-profit private entities must obey, first of all, the Accounting fundamental principles and norms, what we find in the day to day reality is that such entities are not giving the appropriate attention to these procedures. Thus, this study aims at evaluating the Payables System of one of these institutions, and presenting suggestions to the safeguard and betterment of the System. The organization studied is a non-profit one and it is dedicated to capacitating county personnel in the various areas of the municipal activities. Firstly, by using the available bibliographic references, the concept of Auditing, its origins and its evolution in Brazil, and its ramification in Independent Audit and in Internal Audit. have been established Afterward, the existing accounting system has been analyzed with special emphasis on the Payables module. This analysis has shown that a whole serie o fragilities did exist in their internal control system. Based on these findings a whole lot of instruments and procedures have been developed so that the organization would have a trustworthy Payables system, as well as an indication to provide the organization with a systematic projects control system. Whenever the proposed systems are implemented it will be possible to the organization to effectively control its Payables and to have, forthrightly, a perception of the risks involved. Furthermore, the new projects system format will enable the organization to be more accountable to all its stakeholders.

Considerando a importância da avaliação do sistema de Contas a Pagar, bem como os riscos envolvidos, e que as entidades privadas sem finalidade de lucros devem obedecer, primeiramente, os princípios fundamentais e as normas da Contabilidade, o que se constata na realidade é que essas entidades não vem dando a devida atenção a estes procedimentos. Por isso, este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o Sistema de Contas a Pagar de uma dessas instituições, e apresentar sugestões para a segurança e o aperfeiçoamento do Sistema. A organização estudada é sem fins lucrativos e se dedica à capacitação de servidores municipais nas várias áreas de atuação municipal. Primeiramente, buscou-se, por meio de referências bibliográficas, estabelecer o conceito de auditoria, suas origens, evolução da mesma no Brasil e a sua divisão em Auditoria Independente e Auditoria Interna. Num segundo momento foi analisado o sistema contábil existente, com especial atenção ao módulo do Contas a Pagar. Essa análise demonstrou haver fragilidades no sistema de controle interno. Constatada essa situação, foi então desenvolvida toda uma série de instrumentos e de procedimentos para dotar a organização de um sistema de Contas a Pagar confiável, bem como adotar uma sistemática de controles por projetos. Uma vez adotados os sistemas propostos será possível à organização controlar, efetivamente, o seu Contas a Pagar e a ter, tempestivamente, uma visão dos riscos envolvidos. Além disso, a nova formatação do sistema por projetos permitirá operacionalizar as prestações de contas aos stakeholders envolvidos. / Considering the importance of evaluating a Payables system, as well as the risks involved, and that the non-profit private entities must obey, first of all, the Accounting fundamental principles and norms, what we find in the day to day reality is that such entities are not giving the appropriate attention to these procedures. Thus, this study aims at evaluating the Payables System of one of these institutions, and presenting suggestions to the safeguard and betterment of the System. The organization studied is a non-profit one and it is dedicated to capacitating county personnel in the various areas of the municipal activities. Firstly, by using the available bibliographic references, the concept of Auditing, its origins and its evolution in Brazil, and its ramification in Independent Audit and in Internal Audit. have been established Afterward, the existing accounting system has been analyzed with special emphasis on the Payables module. This analysis has shown that a whole serie o fragilities did exist in their internal control system. Based on these findings a whole lot of instruments and procedures have been developed so that the organization would have a trustworthy Payables system, as well as an indication to provide the organization with a systematic projects control system. Whenever the proposed systems are implemented it will be possible to the organization to effectively control its Payables and to have, forthrightly, a perception of the risks involved. Furthermore, the new projects system format will enable the organization to be more accountable to all its stakeholders.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the management of working capital in Krnovske opravny a strojirny s.r.o. and to find possible ways to improve and streamline its management. Through the analysis of individual component of working capital, evaluation of processes affecting the cash conversion cycle, analysis of working capital as a whole and via comparison with its five biggest competitors, it was suggested to take appropriate measures and that would enable the company to manage working capital more effectively going forward, realize savings and subsequently increase its value.

The thesis deals with the management of the solvency in the company MFC-MORFICO s. r. o. are Found through the analysis of individual components of working capital weak spots to improve and streamline its management, attention is paid to the evaluation of the processes intervening in obratového cycle of money, analysis of working capital as a whole and compared with the two largest competitors of the company in the field was designed, appropriate measures and recommendations which should in the future bring higher efficiency in working capital management, the subsequent savings and increase the value of the company.