RESUMO No presente trabalho foi feita uma avaliação, in vitro, da influência do modo de armazenamento e de dois tipos de adesivos dentinários na microinfiltração, em paredes axiais e cervicais de restaurações com resina composta, em segundos molares decíduos. As amostras foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com o tipo de armazenamento, denominados: Desidratado, Hidratado e Congelado. As amostras do grupo Desidratado foram mantidas secas, as do grupo Hidratado foram armazenadas em solução fisiológica em geladeira e as do grupo Congelado foram mantidas no freezer, também imersas em solução fisiológica. A seguir, as amostras receberam dois preparos cavitários do tipo slot vertical, um ocluso-mesial e o outro ocluso-distal. Nas cavidades ocluso-mesiais foi utilizado o sistema adesivo Scotchbond Multi-Uso, enquanto que nas ocluso-distais foi usado o adesivo monocomponente Prime & Bond 2.1, sendo todas restauradas com a resina composta Solitaire. Os grupos foram, então, submetidos à ciclagem térmica, antes de serem imersos em solução de Nitrato de Prata. Para avaliação da penetração do corante na interface dente-restauração, as amostras foram seccionadas primeiro no sentido vestíbulo-lingual, depois incluídas em resina autopolimerizavável para adaptação na máquina de seccionamento para então, receberem um segundo corte, agora no sentido mésio-distal, no centro da restauração. Os valores da microinfiltração nas paredes axiais e cervicais foram mensurados através de um sistema de imagens digitalizadas, apresentados em milímetros (mm) e, a seguir, submetidos a Análise de Variância. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o modo de armazenamento não teve influência estatisticamente significante na microinfiltração marginal das restaurações. A microinfiltração na parede cervical foi estatisticamente significante maior que na parede axial, com segurança de 99,9%. Os adesivos utilizados não tiveram influência estatisticamente significante na microinfiltração, nos modos de armazenamento estudados. Porém, houve diferença estatisticamente significante nas amostras do grupo Desidratado, com o adesivo Prime & Bond 2.1, considerando as margens da restauração (axial e cervical. / SUMMARY This study evaluated the in vitro influence of the storage manner and two kinds of dentinal adhesive on the microleakage, in axial and cervical walls of composite restorations, in primary second molars. The samples were divided in three groups, according to the storage manner, and named: Desidratado, Hidratado and Congelado. The samples of the Desidratado group were kept dry, the ones of the Hidratado group were stored into phisiological saline solution under refrigeration, and the ones of the Congelado group were kept into the freezer, also immersed into the phisiological solution. Then, the samples received two vertical slot preparations, one mesio-occlusal and the other disto-occlusal. On the mesio-occlusal cavities, the adhesive system Scotchbond Multi-Uso was used, whereas on the disto-occlusal the monocomponent adhesive Prime & Bond 2.1 were chosen, and all of them were filled with the Solitaire composite. The groups were then thermocicled, before immersion in silver stain solution. In order to evaluate the infiltration of the stain in the tooth-restoration interface, the samples were sectioned, first in the vestibulo-lingual direction, and then included into auto-cure resin to the addaptation onto the secctining machine and receive a second cut in the mesio-distal direction, on the center of the restoration. The microleakage values of the axial and cervical walls were measured by a digitalized image system, presented in milimeters, and submitted to statistical analysis. The obtained results showed that the storage manner has no statistically significant influence on the marginal microleakage of the restorations, however, the microleakage of the cervical wall was significantly greater than of the axial wall, with 99,9% certainty. The used adhesive systems have not shown significant influence on the microleakage, in the studied storage manners. However, there was a statistically difference in the Desidratado group samples, with the Prime & Bond 2.1 adhesive, taking in count the margins of the restoration (axial and cervical).

Purpose: Compare the efficacy of two benzodiazepines (diazepam or midazolam) in combination with meperidine and hydroxyzine for pediatric dental sedation. Methods: A randomized, double blind observation study of behaviors and outcomes related to two sedation groups. Frankl and Houpt behavior scores were recorded at three time points: injection time, initiation of treatment and at the end of treatment. Postoperative phone call surveys were conducted within eight hours of discharge to assess sleep, activity, and behavior. Results: A total of 40 sedation subjects were included in the study, of which 20 were treated with diazepam triple Combination (Di+M+H) and 20 with midazolam triple regime (Mi+M+H). Treatment was successful for 45% of cases with midazolam and 70% with diazepam (P value=.20). Houpt sleep scores were significantly higher for diazepam than midazolam at injection (P-value=.0043) and during treatment (P-value=.0152). Although Frankl scores, Houpt move and Houpt cry scores tended to favor diazepam, none were statistically significantly different. More abnormal behavior was reported with midazolam, though not statistically significant (35% vs 6%, P-value=.0854). Postoperative sleep time was longer for midazolam, but not significantly different (median sleep time: 61 vs 45 minutes, P-value=.2071). Conclusion: The diazepam, meperidine, hydroxyzine triple combination sedation regimen shows promising results as a successful alternative to midazolam triple combination. Longer postoperative monitoring may be required with diazepam, but this study has shown postoperative sleep times to be less than previously reported. Larger sample size is needed to determine if the current trend will be maintained.

USE OF EMOJI IN PAIN LEVEL ASSESSMENT IN PEDIATRIC DENTAL PATIENTS Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a pain scale with Emoji images in comparison to the commonly used Wong-Baker FACES® pain scale. Methods: Healthy, English-speaking patients aged 4-17 presenting to the VCU Pediatric Dental clinic and the operating room and presenting to the MCV Pediatric Emergency Room were asked to rate their pain using the Wong-Baker FACES® and Emoji scales. These patients were then asked to select which pain scale they preferred. Results: A total of 151 children were enrolled in the study. The proposed Emoji scale was preferred by 86% of enrolled children (n=151). Children rated their pain the same on the two scales 78% of the time indicating a weak overall agreement between the two scales as defined by Cohen’s Kappa (k=0.5863, 95% CI: 0.47-0.70). In the instances of disagreement, 82% were within one image on the pain scale. There was a roughly even split between which scale corresponded to the higher pain level (56% Wong-Baker was higher and 44% Emoji was rated higher). Conclusions: A majority of the patients surveyed presented with no pain. The Emoji scale showed moderate agreement with the Wong-Baker FACES scale. A majority of the patients preferred the Emoji scale demonstrating the strong communicative utility of Emoji.

Thesis (M.D.S.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-137).

Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1939.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1939.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.D.S.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-137). Also available in print.

RESUMO No presente trabalho foi feita uma avaliação, in vitro, da influência do modo de armazenamento e de dois tipos de adesivos dentinários na microinfiltração, em paredes axiais e cervicais de restaurações com resina composta, em segundos molares decíduos. As amostras foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com o tipo de armazenamento, denominados: Desidratado, Hidratado e Congelado. As amostras do grupo Desidratado foram mantidas secas, as do grupo Hidratado foram armazenadas em solução fisiológica em geladeira e as do grupo Congelado foram mantidas no freezer, também imersas em solução fisiológica. A seguir, as amostras receberam dois preparos cavitários do tipo slot vertical, um ocluso-mesial e o outro ocluso-distal. Nas cavidades ocluso-mesiais foi utilizado o sistema adesivo Scotchbond Multi-Uso, enquanto que nas ocluso-distais foi usado o adesivo monocomponente Prime & Bond 2.1, sendo todas restauradas com a resina composta Solitaire. Os grupos foram, então, submetidos à ciclagem térmica, antes de serem imersos em solução de Nitrato de Prata. Para avaliação da penetração do corante na interface dente-restauração, as amostras foram seccionadas primeiro no sentido vestíbulo-lingual, depois incluídas em resina autopolimerizavável para adaptação na máquina de seccionamento para então, receberem um segundo corte, agora no sentido mésio-distal, no centro da restauração. Os valores da microinfiltração nas paredes axiais e cervicais foram mensurados através de um sistema de imagens digitalizadas, apresentados em milímetros (mm) e, a seguir, submetidos a Análise de Variância. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o modo de armazenamento não teve influência estatisticamente significante na microinfiltração marginal das restaurações. A microinfiltração na parede cervical foi estatisticamente significante maior que na parede axial, com segurança de 99,9%. Os adesivos utilizados não tiveram influência estatisticamente significante na microinfiltração, nos modos de armazenamento estudados. Porém, houve diferença estatisticamente significante nas amostras do grupo Desidratado, com o adesivo Prime & Bond 2.1, considerando as margens da restauração (axial e cervical. / SUMMARY This study evaluated the in vitro influence of the storage manner and two kinds of dentinal adhesive on the microleakage, in axial and cervical walls of composite restorations, in primary second molars. The samples were divided in three groups, according to the storage manner, and named: Desidratado, Hidratado and Congelado. The samples of the Desidratado group were kept dry, the ones of the Hidratado group were stored into phisiological saline solution under refrigeration, and the ones of the Congelado group were kept into the freezer, also immersed into the phisiological solution. Then, the samples received two vertical slot preparations, one mesio-occlusal and the other disto-occlusal. On the mesio-occlusal cavities, the adhesive system Scotchbond Multi-Uso was used, whereas on the disto-occlusal the monocomponent adhesive Prime & Bond 2.1 were chosen, and all of them were filled with the Solitaire composite. The groups were then thermocicled, before immersion in silver stain solution. In order to evaluate the infiltration of the stain in the tooth-restoration interface, the samples were sectioned, first in the vestibulo-lingual direction, and then included into auto-cure resin to the addaptation onto the secctining machine and receive a second cut in the mesio-distal direction, on the center of the restoration. The microleakage values of the axial and cervical walls were measured by a digitalized image system, presented in milimeters, and submitted to statistical analysis. The obtained results showed that the storage manner has no statistically significant influence on the marginal microleakage of the restorations, however, the microleakage of the cervical wall was significantly greater than of the axial wall, with 99,9% certainty. The used adhesive systems have not shown significant influence on the microleakage, in the studied storage manners. However, there was a statistically difference in the Desidratado group samples, with the Prime & Bond 2.1 adhesive, taking in count the margins of the restoration (axial and cervical).