With the increase in international communication and the growing demand for foreign language professionals in the last decade, the teaching of foreign languages, especially English, has gained considerable prominence in Chinese education. Despite the long history of English teaching in China, there are still significant deficiencies in this area. If these deficiencies are to be addressed, then methodology is a crucial variable worthy of examination. Many of the TEFL (Teaching English as Foreign Language) methods developed in the last twenty years are unknown to the Chinese teachers, although they may be introduced to China in the future. Since these methods are products of Western experience, a scrutiny of their relevance to the Chinese teaching situation is necessary. In particular, it is important to focus on the psychological appropriateness of these methods to the Chinese setting. A number of the most crucial psychological issues, such as learner's motivation, aptitude, personality and learning style, are discussed in CHAPTER 2, together with those social and cultural influences which may affect the learner's psychological attributes. CHAPTER 3 provides a detailed, yet not exhaustive, description of a range of TEFL methodologies, which may provide potential solutions to the deficiencies that have been identified. Here the emphasis is on psychological theories that underlie these methods and on their psychological impact on the learner. CHAPTER 4 moves to a specific investigation of the psychological attributes of Chinese students. To this end, data have been obtained from a study specifically designed for this paper, and used as a basis for evaluating the motivation, personality, affect and learning style of English majors at ERWAI (Peking Second Foreign Language Institute). This evaluation is further supplemented by the views of foreign visitors to China and by the results of some published studies of Chinese nationals in America. Based on the discussion in the previous chapters, the fifth and final chapter concludes with an overview of the appropriateness of TEFL methodologies to the Chinese situation.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Communication

Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2010. / Title from screen (viewed on July 19, 2010). Department of Philanthropic Studies, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Dwight F. Burlingame, William M. Plater, Leslie Lenkowsky. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-95).

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The thesis made a comparative study of two university foundations, namely Indiana University Foundation, the United States, and Peking University Education Foundation, China, from a historical approach. Many theories influenced the author’s thinking about the issues, such as nonprofit organizations, elite philanthropy, and civil society. The paper seeks to: (1) make an overview of the development of the two foundations; (2) analyze and compare their differences in nature, structure, and fundraising practices, etc.; (3) examine the underlying reasons which may involve social, political, economic and legal factors; and (4) explore the future development of university foundations in China. In an era of accelerated globalization, the boom of diaspora giving and growth of nonprofits set the stage for the development of philanthropy in China. While continuing to draw from the extensive experiences of its American counterparts, the Peking University Education Foundation needs to reflect on its own actual situation and explore a road tailored to Chinese-style university foundations.

Cette étude se propose d’examiner les questions que soulève l'opéra de Pékin contemporain de Taïwan à travers deux exemples : Le Roi Lear mis en scène par Wu Hsing-Kuo et Orlando mis en scène par Robert Wilson. Ces deux spectacles en solo sont fondés sur des textes occidentaux traduits en chinois. Pour mettre en scène ces textes traduits, Wu Hsing-Kuo et Robert Wilson ont eu recours aux conventions et au jeu de l’acteur de l’opéra de Pékin. En dépit d’éléments similaires, les textes scéniques tissés par ces deux metteurs en scène diffèrent profondément. Dans le but de trouver une manière appropriée de décrire et d’analyser ce genre de spectacles métis qui sortent de leur cadre traditionnel, tout en gardant en même temps certains traits spécifiques, nous avons commencé par creuser les conceptions qui sous-tendent la forme de l’opéra chinois. Ensuite, nous avons approfondi les questions liées à la pratique ainsi que ses rapports avec les conceptions esthétiques chinoises. Dans la dernière partie de cette étude, nous nous appuyons essentiellement sur les conceptions développées dans les deux premières parties de cette thèse plutôt que sur les discussions sur la nature du théâtre interculturel pour les chercheurs occidentaux auxquelles se sont déjà référés beaucoup de chercheurs taïwanais. À travers l’analyse des deux spectacles, nous proposons une voie différente pour discuter des représentations « interculturelles », tels que les spectacles de l’opéra de Pékin contemporain de Taïwan, qui échappent aux règles et aux conventions bien établies et qui ne peuvent être jugés selon les standards habituels. / This thesis aims to examine the questions suggested by two contemporary Peking opera productions in Taiwan: “King Lear” directed by Wu Hsing-Kuo and “Orlando” by Robert Wilson. These two adaptations are both based on Western masterpieces and each of them is performed by one trained Peking opera actor. Despite the similarities that appear in the works of the Taiwanese and the American director, the results of their experimentations on the stage differ considerably between each other. In order to find appropriate way to describe and analyze this kind of performances based on the fusion of traditional as well as foreign elements, we started by researching the conceptions which associate deeply with the form of Chinese opera. Then, we delved further into the relations between the practice of Chinese opera and the Chinese aesthetics concepts. Finally, we analyzed the two examples, not through the discussions related to “intercultural theater” developed by occidental researchers and commonly referred to Taiwanese researchers, but through the conceptions that we have developed in the last two chapters of this thesis. Through this study, we expect to propose a different way to approach the theatrical productions that broke the routine and cannot be analyzed by the standard rules.

My diploma thesis is occupied with television processing and presentation of Olympic Games. Especially, I decided to analyse the summer Olympic Games in Beijing 2008 and Rio de Janeiro 2016. Both of these Olympic Games brought the new way of television broadcasting. Thanks to the exclusive ownership of broadcasting rights and technological advances, Czech Television has decided to broadcast on both television programs on a continuous basis 48 hours a day. The first part of my diploma thesis is occupied with the history of the Olympic Games, including their ancient civilization. From ancient history we move to the nineteenth century, when Pierre Coubertin came up with the idea to refresh the Olympic idea. After the introduction of Olympic history we will also focus on the relationship between media and sports and we also introduce the roots of Czech television broadcasting. In the analytical part of my diploma thesis we will describe the ways of Czech television processing during the summer Olympic Games in Beijing and Rio de Janeiro. This description will be supported by surveys with data of television ratings and differences between researched Olympic Games. This thesis will show how television broadcasting is developing in the Czech Republic, especially during the Olympic Games, which is one of...

Gallium nitride (GaN) light emitting diodes (LED) embody a large field of research that aims to replace inefficient, conventional light sources with LEDs that have lower power, higher luminosity, and longer lifetime. This thesis presents an international collaboration effort between the State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics in Peking University (PKU) of Beijing, China and the Electrical Engineering Department of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. Over the course of 2 years, Cal Poly’s side has simulated GaN LEDs within the pure blue wavelength spectrum (460nm), focusing specifically on the effects of reflection gratings, transmission gratings, top and bottom gratings, error gratings, 3-fold symmetric photonic crystal, and 2-fold symmetric nano-imprinted gratings. PKU used our simulation results to fabricate GaN high brightness LEDs from the results of our simulation models. We employed the use of the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, a computational electromagnetic solution to Maxwell’s equations, to measure light extraction efficiency improvements of the various grating structures. Since the FDTD method was based on the differential form of Maxwell’s equations, it arbitrarily simulated complex grating structures of varying shapes and sizes, as well as the reflection, diffraction, and dispersion of propagating light throughout the device. We presented the optimized case, as well as the optimization trend for each of the single grating structures within a range of simulation parameters on the micron scale and find that single grating structures, on average, doubled the light extraction efficiency of GaN LEDs. Photonic crystal grating research in the micron scale suggested that transmission gratings benefit most when grating cells tightly pack together, while reflection gratings benefit when grating cells space further apart. The total number of grating cells fabricated on a reflection grating layer still affects light extraction efficiency. For the top and bottom grating structures, we performed a partial optimization of the grating sets formed from the optimized single grating cases and found that the direct pairing of optimized single grating structures decreases overall light extraction efficiency. However, through a partial optimization procedure, top and bottom grating designs could improve light extraction efficiency by 118% for that particular case, outperforming either of the single top or bottom grating cases alone. Our research then explored the effects of periodic, positional perturbation in grating designs and found that at a 10-15% randomization factor, light extraction efficiency could improve up to 230% from the original top and bottom grating case. Next, in an experiment with PKU, we mounted a 2-fold symmetric photonic crystal onto a PDMS hemi-cylinder by nano-imprinting to measure the transmission of light at angles from near tangential to normal. Overall transmission of light compared with the non-grating design increases overall light extraction efficiency when integrated over the range of angles. Finally, our research focused on the 3-fold symmetric photonic crystal grating structure and employed the use of 3-D FDTD methods and incoherent light sources to better study the effects of higher-ordered symmetry in grating design. Grating cells were discovered as the source of escaping light from the GaN LED model. The model revealed that light extraction efficiency and the far-field diffraction pattern could be estimated by the position of grating cells in the grating design.

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University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences / Department of Government and Public Administration

University of Macau / Faculty of Education