« Il n'y a pas d'image au théâtre. Il est l'invisible qui vient dans l'image et l'indicible qui vient dans la parole » Voilà comment Olivier Py, définit le théâtre, texte et représentation. L'étude de l'image dans le théâtre d'Olivier Py est une réflexion sur l'évolution du texte dramatique contemporain et sur le processus d'exercice du regard d'un spectateur qui se trouve au carrefour des différentes esthétiques traditionnelles et modernes. L'émigration de l'image du texte à la scène demeure la question qui bouleverse tout le processus de la création théâtrale, aussi bien sur le plan théorique que pratique.Le poème écrit n'est plus seulement une organisation cohérente d'actions accomplies mais, aussi, l'espace où l'écriture permet le transport du logos à l'opsis.La scène devient, ainsi, l'espace dialectique du partage du sensible entre acteur et spectateur, scène et salle, réel et virtuel, visible et invisible…Bref, le théâtre d'Olivier Py est l'univers des images qui se manifestent en présence réelle, « comme en état de grâce », mais qui, rapidement, deviennent fugaces, figures, simulacres, comme des spectres qui se dérobent. / "There is no image to the theater. it is the invisible which comes in the image and the unspeakable which comes in the world". Her is how Olivier Py, defines the theater, the text and the representation. The study of the image in the theater of Olivier Py is the reflection on the evolution of the contemporary dramatic text and on the process of exercise of the look of a spectator who is in the crossroads of the various traditional and modern esthetics. The migration of the image of the text in the podium raises the question which upsets all the process of the theatrical creation, as well on the theoretical plan that has a practice.The written poem is not any more only a coherent organization of accomplished actions but, also, the space where the writing allows the transport of the logos to the opsis. The scene becomes, hence, the dialectical space of the sharing of the sensitive between actor and spectator, stage and room, real and virtual, visible and invisible...Concisely, the theater of Olivier Py is the universe of the effigies which show themselves in real presence, "as in a state of grace", but which, speedly, become fleeting, figures, enactments, as spectres which get away.

Le handicap est aujourd’hui de plus en plus présent dans le monde de l’art. Ce phénomène est le plus souvent analysé dans la perspective de l’Art thérapie, dans laquelle le théâtre est envisagé comme un outil thérapeutique au service du patient.Cette thèse s’ancre dans une perspective très différente : elle étudie la question de la visibilité du handicap mental via une approche esthétique et politique, inspirée du courant anglo-saxon des disabilty studies, dans lequel le handicap est notamment analysé comme un phénomène social et culturel. La première partie est consacrée à un historique de la mise en visibilité de l’anormalité en général, ˆ travers les phénomènes de foire et les cas pathologiques entre le XVIe et le XXe siècle, en Europe et aux États-Unis. Elle souligne que la visibilité de ce qui est aujourd’hui appelé handicap a toujours joué sur l’ambiguïté entre la présentation et la représentation. La deuxième partie se concentre sur le théâtre contemporain et analyse les conditions de mise en audibilité du handicap mental dans trois spectacles des années 2010 : Le Bizarre Incident du chien pendant la nuit mis en scène par P. Adrien, L’Empereur c’est moi mis en scène par V. Poirier et Rendez-vous gare de l’Est mis en scène par G. Vincent. Interprétées par des comédien.ne.s considéré.e.s comme valides, ces trois propositions artistiques prennent le handicap pour thème et le présentent sous la forme d’un partage d’expérience. Il y apparaît comme un écart à une norme sociale, qu’il contribue alors à mettre en question. La troisième partie est consacrée à des spectacles exclusivement interprétés par des comédien.ne.s en situation de handicap mental, dans lesquels celui-ci devient une ressource esthétique, tant au niveau de la dramaturgie, que du jeu d’acteur ou de la mise en scène. Des créations de la Compagnie de l’Oiseau-Mouche, de l’Atelier Catalyse et du Theater HORA, ainsi que les discours portés sur elles, sont ainsi analysées et comparées. / Disability is nowadays increasingly present in the art world. This phenomenon is usually analyzed in the context of art therapy, in which theater is used as a way to improve the patient’s health. This dissertation adopts a very different perspective: inspired by disability studies, in which disability is considered a social and cultural phenomenon, it focuses on the visibility of mental disability through an aesthetic and political lens. The first part is an historical contextualization of abnormality in general. It studies how the freaks and the pathological cases gained visibility between the 16th and the 20th century, in Europe and in the United States. It stresses that what is nowadays called Ôdisability’ was always represented rather than merely exhibited. The second part focuses on contemporary theater and examines how mental disability can be heard, through the analysis of three performances created in the 2010’s : The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time directed by par P. Adrien, I am the Emperor directed by V. Poirier et Meet me at East Train Station directed by par G. Vincent. Played by able actors and actresses, these performances take disability as a theme and show it as a sharing of experience. Disability is portrayed as a deviation from social norms, which it enables to question. The third part is devoted to performances entirely played by actors and actresses with mental disabilities, in which disability becomes an aesthetic resource regarding dramaturgy, playing and staging. Creations by La Compagnie de l’Oiseau-Mouche, Atelier Catalyse and the Theater HORA, as well as the discourse about these companies, are analyzed and compared to each other.

Esta dissertação acompanha o movimento de Beatrix. Figura guia e atriz, eternamente grávida do porvir. Enuncia um processo de criação de uma atriz que pulsa sob a interferência da filosofia da diferença, da literatura e das aprendizagens da cena. Num teatro para deseducar, e num deseducar para teatrar. Um movimento contínuo de começar e não começar. A eterna espiral ganha a cena e apresenta a vida. Explora técnicas de corte, e improviso, em especial as que se referem ao pós-dramático e outras manifestações das artes cênicas contemporâneas, articulando conceitos e práxis teatral. Procurando pontuar, sem determinismos, elementos que facilitem tanto o improviso quanto o cut up envolvido no processo de criação, seja de personagens como em imagens e cenas. As considerações sobre o sentido trágico de Nietzsche, a concepção de plano de composição das artes de Deleuze e Guattari, junto com outros autores contemporâneos, são evocadas a fim de, ao se explorar pontos de vista, cortes e montagens, pensar os sentidos e os não sentidos dos textos, no palco e fora dele. / This paper follows the movement of Beatrix. Figure, guide and actress, eternally pregnant with the future. It outlines a process for creating a star that pulses under the influence of difference of philosophy, literature and learning. A theater for to educate, and to contradict the theater. A continuous movement to begin and shall not begin. The eternal spiral won the scene and presents the life.. Explore cutting techniques, and improvisation, in particular those relating to post-dramatic and other manifestations of contemporary performing arts, articulating concepts and practice of theater. Looking to score, without determinism, elements that facilitate both improvisation as the cutup involved in the creation process, either as characters in scenes and images. The findings of the tragic sense of Nietzsche, the concept plan of composition in the arts of Deleuze and Guattari, along with other contemporary authors, are evoked in order, to explore views, cuts and montages, the senses and think no sense of texts, onstage and off.

Esta dissertação acompanha o movimento de Beatrix. Figura guia e atriz, eternamente grávida do porvir. Enuncia um processo de criação de uma atriz que pulsa sob a interferência da filosofia da diferença, da literatura e das aprendizagens da cena. Num teatro para deseducar, e num deseducar para teatrar. Um movimento contínuo de começar e não começar. A eterna espiral ganha a cena e apresenta a vida. Explora técnicas de corte, e improviso, em especial as que se referem ao pós-dramático e outras manifestações das artes cênicas contemporâneas, articulando conceitos e práxis teatral. Procurando pontuar, sem determinismos, elementos que facilitem tanto o improviso quanto o cut up envolvido no processo de criação, seja de personagens como em imagens e cenas. As considerações sobre o sentido trágico de Nietzsche, a concepção de plano de composição das artes de Deleuze e Guattari, junto com outros autores contemporâneos, são evocadas a fim de, ao se explorar pontos de vista, cortes e montagens, pensar os sentidos e os não sentidos dos textos, no palco e fora dele. / This paper follows the movement of Beatrix. Figure, guide and actress, eternally pregnant with the future. It outlines a process for creating a star that pulses under the influence of difference of philosophy, literature and learning. A theater for to educate, and to contradict the theater. A continuous movement to begin and shall not begin. The eternal spiral won the scene and presents the life.. Explore cutting techniques, and improvisation, in particular those relating to post-dramatic and other manifestations of contemporary performing arts, articulating concepts and practice of theater. Looking to score, without determinism, elements that facilitate both improvisation as the cutup involved in the creation process, either as characters in scenes and images. The findings of the tragic sense of Nietzsche, the concept plan of composition in the arts of Deleuze and Guattari, along with other contemporary authors, are evoked in order, to explore views, cuts and montages, the senses and think no sense of texts, onstage and off.

Esta dissertação acompanha o movimento de Beatrix. Figura guia e atriz, eternamente grávida do porvir. Enuncia um processo de criação de uma atriz que pulsa sob a interferência da filosofia da diferença, da literatura e das aprendizagens da cena. Num teatro para deseducar, e num deseducar para teatrar. Um movimento contínuo de começar e não começar. A eterna espiral ganha a cena e apresenta a vida. Explora técnicas de corte, e improviso, em especial as que se referem ao pós-dramático e outras manifestações das artes cênicas contemporâneas, articulando conceitos e práxis teatral. Procurando pontuar, sem determinismos, elementos que facilitem tanto o improviso quanto o cut up envolvido no processo de criação, seja de personagens como em imagens e cenas. As considerações sobre o sentido trágico de Nietzsche, a concepção de plano de composição das artes de Deleuze e Guattari, junto com outros autores contemporâneos, são evocadas a fim de, ao se explorar pontos de vista, cortes e montagens, pensar os sentidos e os não sentidos dos textos, no palco e fora dele. / This paper follows the movement of Beatrix. Figure, guide and actress, eternally pregnant with the future. It outlines a process for creating a star that pulses under the influence of difference of philosophy, literature and learning. A theater for to educate, and to contradict the theater. A continuous movement to begin and shall not begin. The eternal spiral won the scene and presents the life.. Explore cutting techniques, and improvisation, in particular those relating to post-dramatic and other manifestations of contemporary performing arts, articulating concepts and practice of theater. Looking to score, without determinism, elements that facilitate both improvisation as the cutup involved in the creation process, either as characters in scenes and images. The findings of the tragic sense of Nietzsche, the concept plan of composition in the arts of Deleuze and Guattari, along with other contemporary authors, are evoked in order, to explore views, cuts and montages, the senses and think no sense of texts, onstage and off.

To fully realize plays in another culture, it is important for the actors and audience to understand the meaning of the words that are being spoken in the context of the culture of the play. This thesis examines the various dramaturgical problems that arise in producing British plays with dialect in the United States, and uses sociolinguistic analysis to explore the various solutions that have been applied to bridge the gap between script and audience. Alan Bennett’s The History Boys (2004) and Irvine Walsh’s Trainspotting, (adapted for the stage by Harry Gibson in 1995), are both deeply connected to the dialect in which they are written. The first part of this thesis examines the complications that come with performing these plays in America, but ultimately argues that dialect in these cases becomes our key into the world of the play and perhaps even the essence of their appeal to an American audience. In the case of both How the Other Half Loves by Alan Ayckbourne (1970) and Losing Louie by Simon Mendes da Costa (2005) a separate script was created for the American audience which translated the original British English into American English. The second part of this thesis then explores the dramaturgical decisions that had to be made in translating these plays and how these decisions affected the finished product.

Cette thèse propose une réflexion sur la relation entre scène et salle se tissant à travers l’écoute. Dépassant le modèle activité/passivité auquel pourrait être rattachée l’expérience sonore du spectateur, nous tenterons de cerner les contours de cette relation où l’un émet tandis que l’autre reçoit, mais aussi répond. Le pouvoir semble du côté de la scène, capable de forcer l’écoute du spectateur, d’écraser toute réaction, tandis que le désir serait l’enjeu même de cette relation asymétrique, et circulerait de part et d’autre. Associant la notion d’auralité, qui englobe en un seul terme l’écoute et l’audition, à celle d’oralité, acte d’émettre une parole à l’intention d’un auditeur, la notion d’inter[o]ralité, fusionne les deux pôles, émission et réception, et les deux organes, bouche et oreille. Elle cherche à cerner la dimension intersubjective de la relation d’écoute liant la scène à la salle : si celle-ci prend modèle sur la situation d’énonciation, elle ne se réduit pas à l’écoute muette d’une parole ; elle est jeu d’adresse, intention d’attention.Cette réflexion, mûrie au fil d’une expérience de spectatrice, nourrie de la mémoire, souvent fragmentaire, de spectacles, se fonde sur un corpus d’oeuvres vues et entendues entre 2004 et 2017, créées par des artistes de la scène européenne tels que Joël Pommerat, Romeo Castellucci, Maguy Marin, Vincent Macaigne, Gisèle Vienne, Rimini Protokoll, dont le rapport au sonore est remarquable ou parlant du fait de la relation qu’il engendre avec le spectateur. Aussi cette réflexion invite-t-elle à une appréhension plus large de l’écoute : non seulement comme réception du sonore et de ce qu’il y a à entendre, mais comme réponse à une proposition émise à l’attention d’un autre, attention à cette attention elle-même, à laquelle ce dernier est libre, à tout moment, de se dérober. / This thesis explores the relationship between stage and audience as it arises in listening. Going beyond the activity/passivity paradigm that could be used to describe the audience’s sonic experience, we will try to draw the contours of a relationship in which the one produces while the other not only receives, but also responds. Power seems to belong to the stage in order to enforce listening on the part of the spectator and to prevent any reaction, while desire appears to be circulating back and forth as the purpose of this asymmetrical relationship. Conflating the notion of aurality, which gathers “listening” and “hearing”, and the notion of orality, which is the act of producing speech for a listener, the notion of inter[o]rality combines the two sides, production and reception, and the two organs, mouth and ears. It aims at capturing the intersubjective dimension of the listening relationship between stage and audience : even if it is modeled on the paradigm of enunciation, it is not limited to the mute listening of what is being said ; it is a game of addressing, an intention of attentiveness. This reflection, which has matured along with my experience as a spectator and which relies on the often incomplete memory of the shows I have seen, is based on a corpus of works that I watched and heard between 2004 and 2017. They were produced by European stage directors and artists such as Joël Pommerat, Romeo Castellucci, Maguy Marin, Vincent Macaigne, Gisèle Vienne, or Rimini Protokoll, whose connection to sound is remarkable or significant because of the relationship it creates with the spectator. In this way, this reflection encourages a wider approach to listening, considered not only as the reception of sound and of what is to be heard, but also as a response to what is offered to the attention of an other, and as an attentiveness to this attention itself, which the other is free, at any moment, to relinquish.

O presente trabalho é a explicitação do percurso de pesquisa em torno da forma lírica do teatro, com a intenção de construir procedimentos de pesquisa e protocolos de funcionamento para o aprofundamento no objeto. O trabalho gerou ainda a criação de acervo multimídia organizado e catalogado / The present work is the explicitation of the path of research on the lyrical form of theater, building research procedures and protocols of operation for a deeper study on the object. The work has also generated multimedia collection, organized and cataloged.

A análise aborda o fenômeno artístico e cultural que é o teatro de Liev Tolstói no limiar entre a literatura e a história do teatro russo. A ênfase recai em apenas uma peça e suas quatro versões cênicas, permitindo, por um lado, abranger um grande período de tempo e observar as transformações que ocorrem com O Cadáver Vivo no decurso de um século de história russa; por outro lado, visa aprofundar o estudo dedicado a uma faceta específica da arte de Liev Tolstói. / The analysis addresses the artistic and cultural phenomenon that is the theater of Leo Tolstoy on the threshold between literature and history of Russian theater. The emphasis is in one piece and its four scenic versions, allowing one hand, cover a large period of time and observe the changes that occur with The Living Corpse over a century of Russian history, on the other hand, seeks to deepen study dedicated to a specific facet of the art of Leo Tolstoy.

Em que medida é possível pensar a elaboração de um discurso cênico desvinculada dos procedimentos e meios técnicos aplicados a ela? Ou, por outro lado, até que ponto a escolha de procedimentos e técnicas específicas determinam um fazer poético? No teatro ocidental, o tema do entrecruzamento de procedimentos com a construção do discurso poético passa a ser problematizado a partir do final do século XIX com o advento da encenação, possibilitando a construção de um novo diálogo entre encenação e pedagogia e o desenvolvimento de várias reflexões sobre o trabalho do ator. Tadashi Suzuki, encenador japonês contemporâneo, se insere nesse contexto ao sistematizar um treinamento para atores que lhes permita viabilizar seus objetivos estéticos e a criação de seus espetáculos. Além de proporcionar a aproximação com o trabalho deste encenador que, embora mundialmente conhecido, ainda é pouco divulgado no Brasil, o projeto se insere nas reflexões teórico-práticas surgidas a partir do trabalho de Suzuki e que são pertinentes ao teatro contemporâneo. Reflexões que dizem respeito às articulações entre material técnico e material poético na escritura cênica, à pedagogia teatral e, especialmente, às pesquisas da linguagem da encenação que tomam o ator como fonte geradora de códigos performáticos. / To what extent is it possible to think of the elaboration of a scenic speech separately from the procedures and technical means applied to it? Or, on the other hand, to what point does the choice of procedures and specific techniques determine a poetic work? In the Western theater, the theme of crossing technical procedures with the construction of a poetic speech has become a problem in the theaters as from the 19th century with the arrival of staging, what made the construction of a new dialogue between staging and pedagogy and the development of various reflections about the actors work possible. Tadashi Suzuki, a contemporary Japanese director, becomes relevant in this context when he systematizes a training for actors, one that permits the practicability of their esthetic objectives and a creation of their spectacles. Apart from allowing an approche to this directors work, which despite being known worldwide is still not so publicized in Brazil, the project collaborates with theoreticalpractical reflections that arose from Suzukis work and that are pertinent to contemporary theater. Reflections that refer to the articulations between technical material and poetic material in the dramaturgy of the scene, to theatrical pedagogy and to the researches of the staging language that take the actor as a source of performance codes.