Liev Tolstói, autor russo do século XIX, reconhecido tanto pelos acadêmicos como pelo público geral como um dos maiores romancistas da história, ao longo de mais de sessenta anos escreveu um diário paralelamente a sua vasta obra artística. No conjunto de toda a produção escrita do autor, o diário constitui a sua obra mais volumosa, contudo, quase inexplorada em língua portuguesa. O presente trabalho propõe-se aproximar o leitor brasileiro dessa faceta menos conhecida de Tolstói por meio da tradução, direta do russo, dos primeiros sete anos do diário (1847 1854). Observa-se o que há de particular nesse texto de Tolstói, no âmbito do diário como gênero literário e, por fim, questiona-se a possibilidade de ler o diário de Tolstói como criação artística independente ou se deve ele ser tratado como um coadjuvante na interpretação das obras literárias do autor. / Leo Tolstoy, great Russian writer of the nineteenth century, recognized as one of the leading novelists in the history of the genre, both by scholars and the general public, spent over sixty years writing a diary. Throughout the vast production written by the author, this diary is his most voluminous work, yet still unexplored and almost unknown in Portuguese. This work presents a translation directly from Russian of the first seven years of the diary (1847 - 1854) and also makes a first reflection on the nature of the text which encompasses the characteristics of Tolstoy\'s diary related to the genre. Then it analyzes whether Tolstoys diary can be treated as an artistic creation or as supporting text in the interpretation of literary works of the author.

This dissertation examines Tolstoy’s reevaluation of his creative approaches to writing through the medium of his experimental pedagogical work with the peasant children on his estate. It is argued that Tolstoy’s pedagogical interlude forms an important bridge to the writer’s fiction and should not be viewed as a digression from his development as a writer, but as an integral part of it. This project explores how the educational essays Tolstoy wrote during this period facilitate his transition from championing the aesthetic theory of “pure art” in his formative years as a writer for The Contemporary to a more mature author of War and Peace, the major masterwork that is imbued with conclusions reached during his pedagogical interlude. Tolstoy’s evolution as a writer is examined in the context of his relationship to the aesthetic ideas of the 1850’s that became a springboard for Tolstoy’s later aesthetic concepts. A comprehensive textual analysis of Tolstoy’s lesser known early works such as Notes from Lucerne and “Albert” is undertaken in order to highlight some of their important stylistic peculiarities that provide a valuable insight into the authorial presence and the nature of Tolstoy’s aesthetic rhetoric. Further, it is demonstrated how the school at Yasnaya Polyana becomes the writer’s experimental workshop, a testing ground for Tolstoy’s pedagogical theories and his creative ideas, which he checks against his students’ perception. Finally, the study is concluded by examining Tolstoy’s most encompassing work, his epic novel War and Peace through the medium of his educational writings and ideas. By locating some of the main concepts of his pedagogical philosophy in the context of this monumental masterwork, we illuminate their meaning more clearly as filtered through the prism of Tolstoy’s creative thought in order to demonstrate to what extent Tolstoy’s educational ideas informed his creative writings. It is established that all the central principles of Tolstoy’s educational thought such as his pedagogy of freedom, his ideas of aesthetic education through reading, art and music, his religious and moral education found their reflections on the pages of War and Peace and commend a great deal to a modern educator. / text

Liev Tolstói, autor russo do século XIX, reconhecido tanto pelos acadêmicos como pelo público geral como um dos maiores romancistas da história, ao longo de mais de sessenta anos escreveu um diário paralelamente a sua vasta obra artística. No conjunto de toda a produção escrita do autor, o diário constitui a sua obra mais volumosa, contudo, quase inexplorada em língua portuguesa. O presente trabalho propõe-se aproximar o leitor brasileiro dessa faceta menos conhecida de Tolstói por meio da tradução, direta do russo, dos primeiros sete anos do diário (1847 1854). Observa-se o que há de particular nesse texto de Tolstói, no âmbito do diário como gênero literário e, por fim, questiona-se a possibilidade de ler o diário de Tolstói como criação artística independente ou se deve ele ser tratado como um coadjuvante na interpretação das obras literárias do autor. / Leo Tolstoy, great Russian writer of the nineteenth century, recognized as one of the leading novelists in the history of the genre, both by scholars and the general public, spent over sixty years writing a diary. Throughout the vast production written by the author, this diary is his most voluminous work, yet still unexplored and almost unknown in Portuguese. This work presents a translation directly from Russian of the first seven years of the diary (1847 - 1854) and also makes a first reflection on the nature of the text which encompasses the characteristics of Tolstoy\'s diary related to the genre. Then it analyzes whether Tolstoys diary can be treated as an artistic creation or as supporting text in the interpretation of literary works of the author.

Liev Nikoláevitch Tolstói, escritor russo célebre em todo o mundo por seus romances, escreveu além de uma volumosa obra artística, um diário que foi redigido durante 63 anos. O conjunto das anotações pessoais de Tolstói ocupa 13 dos 90 volumes das obras completas do autor. O presente trabalho, propõe uma análise do primeiro volume desse diário, do período 1847 1854, que consideramos como etapa de formação filosófica e estética do grande escritor. A partir da análise dos conceitos de literatura não ficcional e do gênero de diário, examinamos a singularidade do diário de Tolstói dentro da variedade de diário de escritores. Mostramos que o diário de Tolstói além de servir de laboratório artístico para seu autor, evidencia a organicidade existente entre pensamento e realização artística em diversas etapas da criação tolstoiana. Para tanto, apresentamos uma aproximação às novelas Os cossacos e Khadji-Murát, estabelecendo vínculos entre essas obras e o diário do autor russo. / Leo Tolstoy, famous Russian writer known worldwide for his novels, also kept a diary for 63 years. The whole set of his personal notes occupies 13 out of the 90 volumes of his complete work. The present work, proposes an analysis of the first volume of his diary, written during the period 1847-1854, which is considered as the philosophical and aesthetical formation stage of the great writer. Taking the concepts of non-fiction and diary genre, we examine the singularity of Tolstoy\'s Diary amongst the variety of writers\' diaries. We sustain as well, that Tolstoy\'s diary has served not only as an artistic laboratory for him, but it also makes evident the seamlessness between thought and artistic realization in different phases of Tolstoy\'s creation. In order to do so, we present a study of the novels The Cossacks and Jadji Murat, in which we establish links between those works and the Diary of the Russian author.

A análise aborda o fenômeno artístico e cultural que é o teatro de Liev Tolstói no limiar entre a literatura e a história do teatro russo. A ênfase recai em apenas uma peça e suas quatro versões cênicas, permitindo, por um lado, abranger um grande período de tempo e observar as transformações que ocorrem com O Cadáver Vivo no decurso de um século de história russa; por outro lado, visa aprofundar o estudo dedicado a uma faceta específica da arte de Liev Tolstói. / The analysis addresses the artistic and cultural phenomenon that is the theater of Leo Tolstoy on the threshold between literature and history of Russian theater. The emphasis is in one piece and its four scenic versions, allowing one hand, cover a large period of time and observe the changes that occur with The Living Corpse over a century of Russian history, on the other hand, seeks to deepen study dedicated to a specific facet of the art of Leo Tolstoy.

A análise aborda o fenômeno artístico e cultural que é o teatro de Liev Tolstói no limiar entre a literatura e a história do teatro russo. A ênfase recai em apenas uma peça e suas quatro versões cênicas, permitindo, por um lado, abranger um grande período de tempo e observar as transformações que ocorrem com O Cadáver Vivo no decurso de um século de história russa; por outro lado, visa aprofundar o estudo dedicado a uma faceta específica da arte de Liev Tolstói. / The analysis addresses the artistic and cultural phenomenon that is the theater of Leo Tolstoy on the threshold between literature and history of Russian theater. The emphasis is in one piece and its four scenic versions, allowing one hand, cover a large period of time and observe the changes that occur with The Living Corpse over a century of Russian history, on the other hand, seeks to deepen study dedicated to a specific facet of the art of Leo Tolstoy.

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