A comparative study was made of the social communication patterns of Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, P.onocrotalus, P.crispus, P.occidentalis, Morus bassanus, Sula sula, Anhinga anhinga, Phalacrocorax carbo, Ph.auritus, Ph.olivaceust Ph.aristotelis, Ph.urile, Ph.pelagicus, Ph.penicillatus, and Fregata magnificens. It was found that the signal patterns are combinations of a limited number of discrete postures, movements, and sounds, and that they are mainly derivatives from four main sources, locomotion, fighting, nest-building, and begging. The take-off was found to consist of three phases, look, crouch, and leap. From the look and crouch phases the Suloidea have evolved their pre-take off displays, while from the recovery after landing they have evolved their post-landing displays. The pre-take off and post-landing displays are combined into a hop display in this super-family. The sky-pointing, a male-advertising display of Sula, is a derivative of the pre-take off display of Morus and is the origin of the wing-waving as a male-advertising display in Anhinga and Phalacrocorax. The throw-back which is the second part of the male-advertising display of Phalacrocorax arlstotelis is a derivative of the wing-waving display of the other cormorants. Threat displays have evolved into recognition displays in the bill-raising of the Pelecanidae, the head-throwing of Sula sula, the gaping of the Phalacrocoracidae, and into the first part of a male-advertising display, the darting, of Phalacrocorax aristotelis. Nest-indicating displays have evolved from the reaching for nest-material into the reach-bowing of Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, and from nest-worrying movements into the wave-bowing of P.erythrorhynchos, the wing-bowing of Moras, the front-bowing of Sula sula, the quiver-bowing of S.leucogaster and S.dactylatra, the snap-bowing of Anhinga anhinga, the front-bowing of Ph.aristotelis and the gape-bowing of Ph.melanoleucus. The food-begging displays of the chicks have evolved into the pre-landing displays of the Pelecaniformes which in some species also serve as recognition and male-advertising displays on the nest site and in the Sulidae, Anhingidae, Phalacrocoracidae, and Fregatidae accompany the transfer of nest-material between members of a pair at the nest site. The food-begging derived displays also include the aerial displays of Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, the head-wagging of the Sulidae, the kink-throating of the Anhingidae and Phalacrocoracidae, the rattling of the Fregatidae, and the aerial displays of the Phaethontidae. From a comparison of the taxonomic distribution of the form, function and derivation of the social communication patterns in the Pelecaniformes, it was concluded that they reflect the phylogenetic implications of the current systematic classifications of the order. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Submitted by Alberto Vieira (martins_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2018-02-08T00:00:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 278452.pdf: 8847256 bytes, checksum: a8087ae180bbc7c4b51897e9b492adc6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-08T00:00:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 278452.pdf: 8847256 bytes, checksum: a8087ae180bbc7c4b51897e9b492adc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998-04-13 / CAPES / A descrição preliminar da morfologia externa e do esqueleto da laringe de sete espécies representativas de todas as famílias dos Pelecaniformes levou ao estabelecimento de padrões anatômicos capazes de caracterizar cada um dos grupos descritos, além de permitir a formação de dois grandes agrupamentos bem definidos. O primeiro deles se encontra composto pelos Phaethontidae e Fregatidae e caracteriza-se pela presença de Sulcus laringealis, Cartilago cricoidea com bordo rostral convexo e apenas a extremidade das Alae cricoidea calcificadas. O segundo grande grupo, formado pelos Pelecanidae, Sulidae, Phalacrocoracidae e Anhingidae caracteriza-se por não apresentar Sulcus laríngealis, além de possuir o bordo rostral da Cartilago cricoidea alongado e uma progressiva calcificação das Alae cricoidea. Os resultados obtidos também concordam com a opinião da maioria dos autores... / A preliminary description of the external morphology and of the skeleton of the larynx in sevens species, which are representative of all Pelecaniformes families, set anatomical patterns which allow for the caracterization of each one of the groups described herein. lt also allowed for the establishment of two larger welldefined groupings: the first, comprising the Phaethontidae and the Fregatidae, is characterized by the existence of a Sulcus laringealis, a convex rostral bordered Cartilago cricoidea, and calcified edges only in the Alae cricoidea. The second large group, comprising the Pelecanidae, the Sulidae, the Phalacrocoracidae and the Anhingidae, is characterized by the absence of a Sulcus laringealis as well as by an elongated Cartilago cricoidea rostral border, and the progressiva calcification of the Alae cricoidea. Results corroborate the prevailing opinion among authors...

Submitted by dayse paz (daysepaz@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-06T14:41:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Diserta_o_Vanessa_Brito.pdf: 1599477 bytes, checksum: 07d436c3a3d3c4454a7866d4dfa32c22 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by cleuza maria medina dos santos (cleuzamai@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-07T00:06:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Diserta_o_Vanessa_Brito.pdf: 1599477 bytes, checksum: 07d436c3a3d3c4454a7866d4dfa32c22 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-07T00:06:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diserta_o_Vanessa_Brito.pdf: 1599477 bytes, checksum: 07d436c3a3d3c4454a7866d4dfa32c22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / O presente trabalho investigou a dieta de Platalea ajaja (colhereiro) e Ardea alba (garça-brancagrande), em 2011/2012, em um ambiente límnico (banhado do Aguirre) e outro estuarino na Lagoa dos Patos (ilha dos Marinheiros), Rio Grande, RS, no sul do Brasil. Foram analisados regurgitados espontâneos, conteúdos gastrointestinais, pellets, lavagem estomacal e isótopos estáveis. Os itens alimentares mais importantes na caracterização direta da dieta de P. ajaja no estuário foram os insetos (PSIRI% = 47,2), seguido de crustáceos (PSIRI% = 30,4) e peixes (PSIRI% = 12,6). No ambiente límnico P. ajaja teve uma dieta com predomínio de insetos (PSIRI% = 59,9), seguido de peixes (PSIRI% = 19,8). No estuário a dieta de A. alba foi predominantemente piscívora (PSIRI% = 53,3), seguido em importância pelos crustáceos (PSIRI% = 30,8). Entretanto, no ambiente límnico A. alba teve os insetos como item alimentar principal (PSIRI% = 58,9), seguido de peixes (PSIRI% = 27,9). Sangue de filhotes com mais de três semanas de vida e presas/alimentos potenciais tiveram os isótopos estáveis de carbono (δ 13C) e nitrogênio (δ 15N) analisados. No ambiente límnico A. alba apresentou valores médios de δ 15N semelhantes a P. ajaja límnico, diferenciando-se de A. alba e P. ajaja estuarinos. Os valores médios de δ 13C nas duas espécies e locais foram semelhantes, porém menor em sangue de A. alba estuarina. O modelo linear generalizado (GLM) explicou 44% na variação dos dados de δ 15N, diferindo entre os locais e influenciado pelo tamanho do filhote. O GLM com os valores de δ 13C explicou 22% da variação nos valores, indicando que A. alba alimenta os filhotes com outros itens alimentares dependendo do local, enquanto os filhotes de P. ajaja possuem uma alimentação límnica nos dois ambientes. Os modelos bayesianos de misturas de isótopos (SIAR) indicaram presas límnicas para P. ajaja nos dois ambientes, corroborando os resultados do GLM e dos métodos de estudo de dieta tradicionais. Portanto, A. alba utiliza as áreas próximas ao local de reprodução para se alimentar, não apresentando preferência por área de forrageamento estuarino ou límnico. Em ambiente límnico as duas espécies podem utilizar recursos alimentares semelhantes, enquanto no ambiente estuarino a sobreposição na dieta diminui, por alimentaremse em diferentes locais e distintos itens alimentares. Através de diversas metodologias verificouse que P. ajaja alimenta-se de presas límnicas, apesar de reproduzir-se em ambos os ambientes, enquanto A. alba alimenta-se de presas límnicas e estuarinas dependendo do local onde ocorre sua reprodução. / This study investigated the diet of Roseate spoonbills (Platalea ajaja) and Great egrets (Ardea alba) in 2011/2012, in two colonies, one in a freshwater (Aguirre marsh) and another in the Lagoa dos Patos estuary (Marinheiros island), both in Rio Grande municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. Spontaneous regurgitations, gut contents, of dead chicks, pellets, stomach flushing and stable isotopes of chicks were analysed. The most important prey items for estuarine spoonbills were insects (PSIRI% = 47.2), crustaceans (PSIRI% = 30.4) and fish (PSIRI% = 12.6). In the freshwater colony, spoonbills had diet composed mostly by insects (PSIRI% = 59.9) and fish (PSIRI% = 19.8). In the estuary, egrets had a predominantly piscivorous diet (PSIRI% = 53.3), followed in importance by crustaceans (PSIRI% = 30.8). However, in the freshwater colony egrets had insects as the main food items (PSIRI% = 58.9), followed by fish (PSIRI% = 27.9). Blood of chicks over three weeks and tissues of potential food items had stable isotopes of carbon (δ 13C) and nitrogen (δ 15N) analised. In the freshwater environment, egrets had mean δ 15N values similar to freshwater spoonbills, but different from egrets and spoonbills from the estuarine site. Mean values of δ 13C in both places and sites were similar, but higher in estuarine egrets. A generalized linear model (GLM) explained 44% in the variation in δ 15N values, differing between sampling sites and influenced by chick size. The GLM on δ 13C values explained only 22% in data variation, suggesting that egrets feed their chicks with different prey items, depending on the place where the colony is placed. On the other hand, spoonbills had limnetic feeding only, no matter the place where they are breeding. Bayesian stable isotope mixing models (SIAR) indicate that limnetic prey were important for spoonbill chicks in both colonies, in line with GLM analysis and dietary data using traditional methods. Therefore, egrets forage in areas near breeding places, without preferences for freshwater or estuarine habitats. In the freshwater colony egrets and spoonbills could rely on similar feeding resources, while in estuarine environments competition seems to be relaxed by feeding on different places and prey items. By using different methodologies it was possible infer that spoonbills feed on freshwater food items, no matter where they breed, while egrets use both limnetic and estuarine food items, depending where the colony is placed.

Endoparasite community structure has been poorly studied in migratory birds, particularly among the seabirds of south Florida. We examined parasite communities in seven south Florida seabird species: brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis (n=33), northern gannet Morus bassanus (n=31), double-crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus (n=33), osprey Pandion haliaetus (n=27), royal tern Thalasseus maximus (n=30), herring gull Larus argentatus (n=12), and laughing gull Leucophaeus atricilla (n=40). We identified 33 parasitic helminth species: 6 nematodes, 2 cestodes, 3 acanthocephalans, and 22 digeneans. Subsequent pairwise tests and similarity profile analysis identified four distinct clusters with similar parasite community structures: (1) pelican and gannet; (2) cormorant; (3) osprey; and (4) tern and both gull species. The mean infracommunity observed species richness differed among the several seabird host species with the highest observed values in pelicans (5.7±0.4) and gannets (5.1±0.4), while the lowest values were seen in herring (0.8±0.7) and laughing (0.4±0.4) gulls. RELATE analyses indicated that the factors of host phylogeny (Rho=0.564, p=0.017), host feeding range (Rho=0.553, p=0.005), and host feeding technique (Rho=0.553, p=0.039) were significant and had similar magnitudes of effect on the structure of observed parasite communities within the several seabird species of this study. Host prey preference was not significant from the RELATE analyses (Rho=0.124, p=0.278), suggesting that preferred prey items of the several seabird hosts had a negligible impact in the structuring of parasite communities. From our results, host phylogeny and host feeding ecology are important driving factors of parasite community composition and structure of these south Florida seabirds, while host prey preference had little influence on parasite communities.