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Master of Arts / Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work / Michelle Bemiller / John Braithwaite developed the theory of reintegrative shaming in 1989. His hope was to develop a theory that better explained the complexities of crime such as the age curve, and high number of male offenders. Building from Braithwaite’s work, this thesis utilizes Reintegrative Shaming theory to explore how attitudes influence the reintegrative shaming process, and whether or not women, are more susceptible to shaming than men, as hypothesized by Braithwaite. It seeks to understand the role attitude plays in the reintegrative shaming process. This thesis hypothesizes that a reintegrative shaming punishment will positively impact an offender’s attitudes towards law, deterrence, law enforcement officials, and so on. Further, Braithwaite hypothesized that interdependent and communitarian individuals will be more susceptible to the impact of punishment (shaming); this relationship is also tested. Using data from the Reintegrative Shaming Experiments (RISE) in Australia, this thesis specifically studies the impact of sex and shaming punishment on attitudes towards the law and deterrence attitudes. In addition, information from RISE is used to test the relationships between interdependency and sex, and communitarianism and sex. The findings suggest mixed support for Reintegrative Shaming theory.

This study seeks to identify the major trends that have shaped the past history and present development of Shari'a ("Islamic Law") approaches to criminal justice and penology. It further attempts to show how the record of Islamic legal thought contrasts to the simplistic Western image of "Islamic law" as characterized by, or even limited to, harsh public punishments for minor offenses or sexual conduct of a sort no longer criminalized in the West. / The history and intellectual development of Muslim thought in the areas of criminal justice and penology are traced from early Islamicate times to the present day.$\sp1$ The extensive development of Shari'a family, business, and other "civil" law through Islamicate history is contrasted to the general nonapplication of Shari'a criminal law by Muslim rulers who judged it overly lenient and procedurally demanding for their needs, or even their subjects' protection. Only with the advent of the Western challenge--which was felt in some parts of the Muslim world as early as the eighteenth century--was renewed attention given to the study of Islamic criminology and penology. At the present date, no serious effort to codify and systematize Islamic criminal law has yet been made. The future development of an Islamic legal code, and the West's response, will be an important element in shaping the future relations of the Muslim world and the West. This study has been aimed at bringing the Islamic World into the literature of criminology and criminal justice--it fills a gap in the literature in this field. ftn$\sp1$This usage, borrowed from Hodgson (1974) distinguishes features of Islam as a faith (called here "Islamic") from those which are characteristic of predominantly Muslim cultures, but are not part of Islam per se, which will be called here "Islamicate." / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-02, Section: A, page: 0691. / Major Professor: Frederic L. Faust. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1993.

The question of discrimination in sentencing is an issue that continues to be a source of controversy in the social sciences. Authors such as William Willbanks (1987) have concluded that after controlling legally relevant variables there is no significant effect of race on sentencing. Other researchers such as Hagan and Bumiller (1983) have noted that the relationship between race and sentencing may be dependent on context. This research is the first to apply a contextual analysis to examine possible racial discrimination in the application of the habitual offender statute in Florida. The sample consists of 9,645 male inmates sentenced to the Florida Department of Corrections in fiscal year 1992-1993, who were eligible for habitualization. / Logistic regression models show a strong and significant impact of race (black) on the odds of being sentenced as an habitual offender. This significant impact became stronger under a variety of economic and structural controls. The impact of race was significant both as a main effect and in interaction with other variables, especially drug offenses. The Ordinary Least Squares analysis for sentence length did not show a significant impact of race, as demonstrated in previous research (Chiricos and Crawford, 1995). The theoretical implications of the context of sentencing are discussed. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 57-02, Section: A, page: 0871. / Major Professor: Theodore G. Chiricos. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1995.

In this study, I examine various relationships between racial housing segregation and juvenile arrest rates in 86 of America's largest metropolitan areas. While there is a growing literature documenting the relationship between segregation and race-specific arrest rates, the relationship between residential segregation and age-specific involvement in arrest statistics remains largely unexplored. A focus on youth is salient for three reasons: (1) contemporary youth are involved in crime at rates higher than previous birth cohorts; (2) juvenile arrest rates may have substantively different effects on community dynamics than adult rates; and, (3) young people are less likely than their older counterparts to have the material resources necessary to move away from dangerous neighborhoods. The implication is that youth should be affected more adversely by segregation and crime than older Americans. Arguing primarily from a Social Disorganization theoretical perspective, I depart from previous tests by comparing several indices that measure specific dimensions of residential segregation that are not captured by % black a commonly used proxy. Also included in the analysis are control variables common to both crime and migration literature. The study shows some support for effects by various measures of residential segregation on age-specific arrest rates of juveniles when other variables are held constant. However, the effects are offense- and race-specific. Support is shown for a relationship between evenness and juvenile arrest rates for burglary and robbery. However, none of the segregation measures used seem correlated with homicide arrest rates of juveniles. Implications of these findings are discussed / acase@tulane.edu

This study examines victimization through firearms, knives, and other weapons among 1663 high school students in ten inner-city schools across the United States. In accounting for victimization patterns, emphasis is placed on socio-demographic characteristics, exposure to guns outside school, exposure to violence in school, and illegal activities which may place students at a greater risk of being victimized either in school or in transit to and from school. Relying on recent research based on the lifestyle/routine activities approach, the study focuses primarily on the behavioral characteristics (i.e., arrest record, gang membership, drug sales) of the students as contributing factors to victimization. The results strongly support the arguments suggesting that exposure to guns out of school and illegal activities have significant effects on the likelihood of victimization. With regard to the former, the findings indicate that weapons carrying among male relatives and perceived access to guns in the neighborhood increase the risk of victimization net of the influence of other variables. Additionally, the findings show strongest support for the lifestyle/routine activities approach, as indicated by the significant effects of arrest record, gang membership, weapons carrying, and involvement in drug sales on violent victimization net of the influence of additional variables. Criminological and policy implications regarding the major findings of this study are considered / acase@tulane.edu