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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-102).

Wong, Yee Man Melody. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-174). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Abbreviations --- p.v / Review of the literature --- p.1 / Overview of liver fibrosis --- p.2 / Pathophysiology of liver fibrosis --- p.3 / Histological classification of liver fibrosis --- p.4 / Gold standard for fibrosis assessment - Liver biopsy --- p.6 / Biomarker in blood - non-invasive method for assessing diseases --- p.7 / Significance of non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis --- p.9 / Biomarkers of liver fibrosis --- p.10 / Direct markers --- p.10 / Indirect markers --- p.11 / Proteomics / Why proteomics? --- p.16 / Clinical values of proteomics in biomarker discovery --- p.17 / Challenges in proteomics --- p.18 / Current proteomics technologies in biomarker discovery --- p.21 / Gel based --- p.21 / Gel free approach - MS based --- p.23 / Quantitative proteomics --- p.29 / Application of proteomics to discovery of biomarkers for diagnosis of liver fibrosis --- p.33 / Rationale and Objectives of the Project --- p.35 / Chapter Section 1 --- Method development of magnetic beads-based proteomic profiling for quantitative proteomic profiling and micro- purification in parallel --- p.36 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.36 / Chapter 1.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.38 / Chapter 1.3 --- Results / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Serum proteome profiles obtained with different types of chromatographic magnetic beads --- p.46 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Performance of PCS 4000 ProteinChip reader --- p.49 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Reproducibility of magnetic beads-based serum proteomic profiling --- p.54 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Gel electrophoresis of the eluted proteins --- p.58 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Identification of the protein peaks --- p.58 / Chapter 1.4 --- Discussion --- p.60 / Chapter 1.5 --- Conclusion --- p.64 / Chapter Section 2 --- Development of a proteome-based fingerprinting model for detecting liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection --- p.65 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.65 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.68 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Patients characteristics --- p.75 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Correlation between biochemical/serological markers and the degrees of liver fibrosis --- p.81 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Serum proteomic profiling by linear MALDI-TOF MS --- p.81 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Correlation of proteomic features with Ishak score --- p.81 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Correlation of significant proteomic features with serological markers --- p.89 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Construction of diagnostic model in detecting liver fibrosis and cirrhosis --- p.91 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Cross-validation of the diagnostic model using pre- treatment samples in detecting liver fibrosis and cirrhosis --- p.91 / Chapter 2.3.8 --- Independent validation of the diagnostic model using post-treatment samples in detecting liver fibrosis and cirrhosis --- p.95 / Chapter 2.3.9 --- Comparison against other non-invasive models in detecting liver fibrosis and cirrhosis --- p.98 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.103 / Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion --- p.112 / Chapter Section 3 --- Identification of proteomic features to form diagnostic fingerprint for the detection of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection --- p.113 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.113 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.115 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.121 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Protein identification of the protein marker in the diagnostic model --- p.121 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Immunodepletion of apolipoprotein C-III --- p.125 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Serum levels of apolipoprotins and their association with liver fibrosis --- p.127 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.130 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.139 / General discussion --- p.141 / Reference --- p.148 / Original Data --- p.175

INTRODUÇÃO: As proteínas de choque térmico (HSPs) são proteínas presentes em todos os seres vivos. Elas possuem dupla atividade imunológica, induzindo tanto respostas proinflamatórias quanto imunorreguladoras. Em nosso grupo, estudamos os efeitos imunológicos dos peptídeos da HSP60 nos sistemas humano e murino. OBJETIVOS: Identificar peptídeos da HSP60 potencialmente imunorreguladores no sistema murino, visando a indução de tolerância no contexto do alotransplante. MÉTODOS: Analisamos a capacidade dos diferentes peptídeos de modificar, in vitro a expressão de genes predominantemente imunorreguladores (Foxp3, Gata-3, IDO, IL-4, IL-10, TGF?) ou inflamatórios (T-bet, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-17) por PCR de tempo real, em esplenócitos murinos de animais naive. Consideramos as modificações induzidas pelos peptídeos como REGULA (?expressão de genes imunorreguladores ou ?expressão de genes inflamatórios) ou INFLAMA (?expressão de genes imunorreguladores ou ? expressão de genes inflamatórios). Selecionamos peptídeos que induziram predomínio de modificação da expressão gênica do tipo REGULA, mais promissores como imunorreguladores para ensaios in vivo de indução de tolerância ao aloenxerto de pele murino. RESULTADOS: Os peptídeos mais promissores foram N7, C4, N6, I8, N2 e N3. O peptídeo N7(n=9) induziu uma razão REGULA/INFLAMA=2,71 e induziu a redução da expressão gênica relativa de IL-17 e IL-12p40. O peptídeo C4 (n=6) induziu razão REGULA/INFLAMA=1,63 e induziu redução da expressão gênica relativa de IL-17 e IL-12p40. O peptídeo N6 (n=8) induziu uma razão REGULA/INFLAMA=1,60, induziu a redução da expressão gênica relativa de T-bet e IL-12p40 e aumentou a expressão de IL-10. O peptídeo I8 (n=5) induziu razão REGULA/INFLAMA=1,57 e induziu aumento da expressão gênica relativa de IL-17. O peptídeo N2 (n=8) induziu razão REGULA/INFLAMA=1,32 e induziu redução da expressão gênica relativa de IL-17 e aumento da expressão de IL-10, IL-4 e T-bet. O peptídeo N3 (n=7) induziu razão REGULA/INFLAMA=1,25 e não teve destaques na modificação gênica induzida. O peptídeo N7 foi testado em protocolos para indução de tolerância do alotransplante de pele murino. Não houve diferença estatística entre os diferentes grupos, a despeito do aumento de sobrevida do aloenxerto de 7 dias no protocolo em combinação com o anticorpo ?CD3 (p=0,38, n=5). DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÃO: O forte impacto imunorregulador de alguns peptídeos da HSP60 na expressão gênica de moléculas imunológicas indica que eles podem ser explorados em imunoterapias. Apesar da existência de variabilidade individual, o peptídeo N7 da HSP60 parece ser um promissor peptídeo imunorregulador. O discreto aumento da sobrevida do aloenxerto de pele induzida pelo peptídeo N7 sugere que a sua combinação com imunossupressores em outros protocolos de indução de tolerância, pode ser uma estratégia útil para aumentar a sobrevida do aloenxerto / INTRODUCTION: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are proteins present in all living beings. They have dual immunologic functional activity inducing both proinflammatory and regulatory responses. In our group, we study the immunological effects of HSP60 peptides in human and mice. OBJECTIVES: To identify potentially immunoregulatory HSP60 peptides in mice, aiming at tolerance induction in the context of alotransplantation. METHOD: We analyzed the capacity of different HSP60 peptides to modify in vitro the expression of predominantly immunoregulatory genes (Foxp3, Gata-3, IDO, IL-4, IL-10, TGF?) or inflammatory (T-bet, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-17) by Real Time PCR, in naive mice splenocytes. We considered gene modifications induced by the peptides as REG (?expression of immunoregulatory genes or ?expression of inflammatory genes) or INFLAMMA (?expression of immunoregulatory genes or ? expression of inflammatory genes). We selected some promising peptides that induced predominantly REG gene expression modifications as immunoregulatory peptides, to perform in vivo assays of tolerance induction to murine skin allograft. RESULTS: More promising peptides were N7, C4, N6, I8, N2 and N3. The N7 peptide (n=9) induced a REG/INFLAMMA ratio=2,71 and induced gene expression reduction of IL-17 and IL-12p40. The C4 peptide (n=6) induced a REG/INFLAMMA ratio =1,63 and induced gene expression reduction of IL-17 and IL-12p40. The N6 peptide (n=8) induced a REG/INFLAMMA ratio =1,60, induced gene expression reduction of T-bet and IL-12p40, and increased expression of IL-10. The I8 peptide (n=5) induced a REG/INFLAMMA ratio =1,57 and induced increased gene expression of IL-17. The N2 peptide (n=8) induced a REG/INFLAMMA ratio =1,32 and induced gene expression reduction of IL-17 and increase expression of IL-10, IL-4 and T-bet. The N3 peptide (n=7) induced a REG/INFLAMMA ratio =1,25 and induced no gene expression modification highlights. The N7 peptide was tested in tolerance mice allograft induction protocols. There was no statistical difference between different groups, despite the 7-day increase in allograft survival with the protocol in combination with the ?CD3 antibody (p=0,38, n=5). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The strong immunoregulatory impact of some HSP60 peptides in the gene expression of immune molecules indicate that they may be explored for immune therapy. Despite the existence of some interindividual variability, the N7 HSP60 peptide seems to be a promising imunorregulatory peptide. The slight increase in graft survival with the N7 peptide suggests that the combination of HSP60 peptides with other immunosupressors and different tolerance induction protocols may be a way to improve graft survival.

INTRODUÇÃO: As proteínas de choque térmico (HSPs) são proteínas presentes em todos os seres vivos. Elas possuem dupla atividade imunológica, induzindo tanto respostas proinflamatórias quanto imunorreguladoras. Em nosso grupo, estudamos os efeitos imunológicos dos peptídeos da HSP60 nos sistemas humano e murino. OBJETIVOS: Identificar peptídeos da HSP60 potencialmente imunorreguladores no sistema murino, visando a indução de tolerância no contexto do alotransplante. MÉTODOS: Analisamos a capacidade dos diferentes peptídeos de modificar, in vitro a expressão de genes predominantemente imunorreguladores (Foxp3, Gata-3, IDO, IL-4, IL-10, TGF?) ou inflamatórios (T-bet, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-17) por PCR de tempo real, em esplenócitos murinos de animais naive. Consideramos as modificações induzidas pelos peptídeos como REGULA (?expressão de genes imunorreguladores ou ?expressão de genes inflamatórios) ou INFLAMA (?expressão de genes imunorreguladores ou ? expressão de genes inflamatórios). Selecionamos peptídeos que induziram predomínio de modificação da expressão gênica do tipo REGULA, mais promissores como imunorreguladores para ensaios in vivo de indução de tolerância ao aloenxerto de pele murino. RESULTADOS: Os peptídeos mais promissores foram N7, C4, N6, I8, N2 e N3. O peptídeo N7(n=9) induziu uma razão REGULA/INFLAMA=2,71 e induziu a redução da expressão gênica relativa de IL-17 e IL-12p40. O peptídeo C4 (n=6) induziu razão REGULA/INFLAMA=1,63 e induziu redução da expressão gênica relativa de IL-17 e IL-12p40. O peptídeo N6 (n=8) induziu uma razão REGULA/INFLAMA=1,60, induziu a redução da expressão gênica relativa de T-bet e IL-12p40 e aumentou a expressão de IL-10. O peptídeo I8 (n=5) induziu razão REGULA/INFLAMA=1,57 e induziu aumento da expressão gênica relativa de IL-17. O peptídeo N2 (n=8) induziu razão REGULA/INFLAMA=1,32 e induziu redução da expressão gênica relativa de IL-17 e aumento da expressão de IL-10, IL-4 e T-bet. O peptídeo N3 (n=7) induziu razão REGULA/INFLAMA=1,25 e não teve destaques na modificação gênica induzida. O peptídeo N7 foi testado em protocolos para indução de tolerância do alotransplante de pele murino. Não houve diferença estatística entre os diferentes grupos, a despeito do aumento de sobrevida do aloenxerto de 7 dias no protocolo em combinação com o anticorpo ?CD3 (p=0,38, n=5). DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÃO: O forte impacto imunorregulador de alguns peptídeos da HSP60 na expressão gênica de moléculas imunológicas indica que eles podem ser explorados em imunoterapias. Apesar da existência de variabilidade individual, o peptídeo N7 da HSP60 parece ser um promissor peptídeo imunorregulador. O discreto aumento da sobrevida do aloenxerto de pele induzida pelo peptídeo N7 sugere que a sua combinação com imunossupressores em outros protocolos de indução de tolerância, pode ser uma estratégia útil para aumentar a sobrevida do aloenxerto / INTRODUCTION: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are proteins present in all living beings. They have dual immunologic functional activity inducing both proinflammatory and regulatory responses. In our group, we study the immunological effects of HSP60 peptides in human and mice. OBJECTIVES: To identify potentially immunoregulatory HSP60 peptides in mice, aiming at tolerance induction in the context of alotransplantation. METHOD: We analyzed the capacity of different HSP60 peptides to modify in vitro the expression of predominantly immunoregulatory genes (Foxp3, Gata-3, IDO, IL-4, IL-10, TGF?) or inflammatory (T-bet, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-17) by Real Time PCR, in naive mice splenocytes. We considered gene modifications induced by the peptides as REG (?expression of immunoregulatory genes or ?expression of inflammatory genes) or INFLAMMA (?expression of immunoregulatory genes or ? expression of inflammatory genes). We selected some promising peptides that induced predominantly REG gene expression modifications as immunoregulatory peptides, to perform in vivo assays of tolerance induction to murine skin allograft. RESULTS: More promising peptides were N7, C4, N6, I8, N2 and N3. The N7 peptide (n=9) induced a REG/INFLAMMA ratio=2,71 and induced gene expression reduction of IL-17 and IL-12p40. The C4 peptide (n=6) induced a REG/INFLAMMA ratio =1,63 and induced gene expression reduction of IL-17 and IL-12p40. The N6 peptide (n=8) induced a REG/INFLAMMA ratio =1,60, induced gene expression reduction of T-bet and IL-12p40, and increased expression of IL-10. The I8 peptide (n=5) induced a REG/INFLAMMA ratio =1,57 and induced increased gene expression of IL-17. The N2 peptide (n=8) induced a REG/INFLAMMA ratio =1,32 and induced gene expression reduction of IL-17 and increase expression of IL-10, IL-4 and T-bet. The N3 peptide (n=7) induced a REG/INFLAMMA ratio =1,25 and induced no gene expression modification highlights. The N7 peptide was tested in tolerance mice allograft induction protocols. There was no statistical difference between different groups, despite the 7-day increase in allograft survival with the protocol in combination with the ?CD3 antibody (p=0,38, n=5). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The strong immunoregulatory impact of some HSP60 peptides in the gene expression of immune molecules indicate that they may be explored for immune therapy. Despite the existence of some interindividual variability, the N7 HSP60 peptide seems to be a promising imunorregulatory peptide. The slight increase in graft survival with the N7 peptide suggests that the combination of HSP60 peptides with other immunosupressors and different tolerance induction protocols may be a way to improve graft survival.

La digestion enzymatique des protéines est une méthode de base pour les études protéomiques ainsi que pour le séquençage en mode « bottom-up ». Les enzymes sont ajoutées soit en solution (phase homogène), soit directement sur le gel polyacrylamide selon la méthode déjà utilisée pour l’isolation de la protéine. Les enzymes protéolytiques immobilisées, c’est-à-dire insolubles, offrent plusieurs avantages tels que la réutilisation de l’enzyme, un rapport élevé d’enzyme-sur-substrat, et une intégration facile avec les systèmes fluidiques. Dans cette étude, la chymotrypsine (CT) a été immobilisée par réticulation avec le glutaraldehyde (GA), ce qui crée des particules insolubles. L’efficacité d’immobilisation, déterminée par spectrophotométrie d’absorbance, était de 96% de la masse totale de la CT ajouté. Plusieurs différentes conditions d’immobilisation (i.e., réticulation) tels que la composition/pH du tampon et la masse de CT durant la réticulation ainsi que les différentes conditions d’entreposage tels que la température, durée et humidité pour les particules GA-CT ont été évaluées par comparaison des cartes peptidiques en électrophorèse capillaire (CE) des protéines standards digérées par les particules. Les particules de GA-CT ont été utilisés pour digérer la BSA comme exemple d’une protéine repliée large qui requit une dénaturation préalable à la digestion, et pour digérer la caséine marquée avec de l’isothiocyanate de fluorescéine (FITC) comme exemple d’un substrat dérivé afin de vérifier l’activité enzymatique du GA-CT dans la présence des groupements fluorescents liés au substrat. La cartographie peptidique des digestions par les particules GA-CT a été réalisée par CE avec la détection par absorbance ultraviolet (UV) ou fluorescence induite par laser. La caséine-FITC a été, en effet, digérée par GA-CT au même degré que par la CT libre (i.e., soluble). Un microréacteur enzymatique (IMER) a été fabriqué par immobilisation de la CT dans un capillaire de silice fondu du diamètre interne de 250 µm prétraité avec du 3-aminopropyltriéthoxysilane afin de fonctionnaliser la paroi interne avec les groupements amines. Le GA a été réagit avec les groupements amine puis la CT a été immobilisée par réticulation avec le GA. Les IMERs à base de GA-CT étaient préparé à l’aide d’un système CE automatisé puis utilisé pour digérer la BSA, la myoglobine, un peptide ayant 9 résidus et un dipeptide comme exemples des substrats ayant taille large, moyenne et petite, respectivement. La comparaison des cartes peptidiques des digestats obtenues par CE-UV ou CE-spectrométrie de masse nous permettent d’étudier les conditions d’immobilisation en fonction de la composition et le pH du tampon et le temps de réaction de la réticulation. Une étude par microscopie de fluorescence, un outil utilisé pour examiner l’étendue et les endroits d’immobilisation GA-CT dans l’IMER, ont montré que l’immobilisation a eu lieu majoritairement sur la paroi et que la réticulation ne s’est étendue pas si loin au centre du capillaire qu’anticipée. / Digesting proteins using proteolytic enzymes is a standard method in proteomic studies and bottom-up protein sequencing. Enzymes can be added in solution or gel phase depending on how the protein has been isolated. Immobilized, i.e., insoluble, proteolytic enzymes offer several advantages such as reusability of enzyme, high enzyme-to-substrate ratio, and integration with fluidic systems. In this study, we prepared glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chymotrypsin (GA-CT), which creates insoluble particles. The immobilization efficiency was determined by absorbance spectrophotometry and found to be 96% of the total amount of chymotrypsin added. Different immobilization (i.e., crosslinking) conditions such as buffer composition/pH and initial mass of CT during crosslinking as well as different storage conditions such as temperature, time and humidity for the GA-CT particles were evaluated by comparing capillary electrophoretic (CE) peptide maps of protein standards digested with the particles. The GA-CT particles were used to digest BSA as an example of a large folded protein that needs denaturation prior to digestion, and casein-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as an example of a small, labeled substrate to test enzyme activity in the presence of substrate-bound fluorescent groups. Peptide mapping of digests from GA-CT particles was achieved by CE with ultraviolet (UV) absorbance or laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. FITC-labeled casein was digested by GA-CT to the same extent as with free (i.e., soluble) CT. An immobilized enzyme microreactor (IMER) was fabricated by immobilizing CT inside a 250 µm i.d. fused-silica capillary tube pre-treated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to functionalize the inner walls with amine groups. Glutaraldehyde was reacted with the amine groups and then CT was immobilized by crosslinking to the GA. IMERs based on GA-CT were fabricated using an automated CE system and used to digest BSA, myoglobin, a 9-residue peptide and a dipeptide as examples of large, medium and small substrates. Digests were studied by comparing peptide maps obtained by CE coupled to either UV or mass spectrometric (MS) detection in order to evaluate immobilization conditions as a function of buffer composition/pH and reaction times. A separate study, which used fluorescence microscopy to investigate the extent and location of GA-CT immobilization in the IMER, showed that immobilization only takes place primarily near the capillary walls and that crosslinking does not extend as far into the center of the IMER as had been expected.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Submitted by Priscila Nascimento (pnascimento@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2012-11-29T13:14:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ana-paula-araujo.pdf: 1867740 bytes, checksum: ab9d7b2866753474ebe7ecb95d8e32d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-29T13:14:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ana-paula-araujo.pdf: 1867740 bytes, checksum: ab9d7b2866753474ebe7ecb95d8e32d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / A eritropoetina (EPO) é um hormônio produzido, principalmente, pelos rins, que regula a produção de células vermelhas do sangue. Trata-se de uma glicoproteína com 166 aminoácidos, três sítios de N-glicosilação e um de O-glicosilação. Apresenta massa molecular na faixa de 30-34 kDa, sendo aproximadamente 40% correspondente aos glicídeos. A EPO está disponível como agente terapêutico produzido através da tecnologia do DNA recombinante em cultura de células de mamíferos. A EPO humana recombinante (rHuEPO) é usada para o tratamento de anemia associada à insuficiência renal crônica. Devido a relevância médica da rHuEPO, sua produção está sendo nacionalizada através do processo de transferência de tecnologia do Centro de Inmunología Molecular (CIM), de Cuba, para o Instituto de Tecnologia de Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos)/FIOCRUZ. O controle de qualidade sobre o processo produtivo da rHuEPO e seu produto final é bastante rigoroso. Neste contexto, o mapeamento peptídico é um dos mais importantes ensaios usados no controle em processo da produção de proteínas recombinantes. Este ensaio assegura a integridade da estrutura primária das proteínas ao final das etapas de suas purificações. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado foi definir uma metodologia de mapeamento peptídico da rHuEPO, visando o controle de processo da produção deste biofármaco em Bio-Manguinhos. Previamente, a preparação da rHuEPO fornecida pelo CIM foi avaliada quanto a sua homogeneidade e caracterizadapor eletroforeses em gel de poliacrilamida, cromatografia de fase reversa, cromatofocalização eespectrometria de massa. Para obter os peptídeos da rHuEPO, a hidrólise enzimática desta glicoproteína com a enzima tripsina foi avaliada em diferentes tempos de incubação e com relações enzima/substrato distintas. O fracionamento dos peptídeos foi feito por cromatografia líquida de fase reversa em coluna C18, empregando-se diferentes colunas cromatográficas e gradientes de eluição. As principais frações peptídicas isoladas da cromatografia de fase reversa foram analisadas por espectrometria de massa a fim de comprovar a identidade dos peptídeostrípticos da rHuEPO. A especificidade da metodologia desenvolvida foi avaliada através da comparação dos perfis peptídicos do hidrolisado tríptico da rHuEPO e do quimotripsinogênio A. A hidrólise tríptica usando-se relação enzima/substrato de 1/50 (p/p), concentração de rHuEPO de 1 mg/mL e incubação de 1 hora a 37o C hidrolisou mais de 99% da glicoproteína. As colunas cromatográficas de fase reversa Hi-Pore RP 318, Vydac 218TP C18 e Delta Pak C18 se mostraram aptas para o fracionamento dos peptídeos trípticos da rHuEPO. Em comparação à metodologia usada no CIM, o tempo de incubação de hidrólise foi reduzido em, pelo menos,2 horas e a duração da corrida cromatográfica para obtenção do mapa peptídico diminuiu em, pelo menos, 1 hora e 42 minutos. Na análise por espectrometria de massa das frações isoladas da cromatografia de fase reversa, seis peptídeos trípticos da rHuEPO foram observados. Tais frações peptídicas foram identificadas como pertencentes à EPO humana pelo programa Mascot Search Results. Dessa forma, ficou estabelecida uma metodologia de mapeamento peptídico especifica, simples e rápida para ser utilizada no controle em processo da produção da rHuEPO em Bio-Manguinhos. / Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced mainly by the kidney that regulates the production of red blood cells. It is a glycoprotein with 166 amino acids, three N-glycosylation and one O-glycosylation sites. It has a molecular weight in the range of 30-34 kDa, being approximately 40% of its content corresponding to carbohydrates. EPO is available as a therapeutic agent produced by recombinant DNA technology in mammaliancell culture. The recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) is used to treat anemia associated with chronic renal disease. Due to rHuEPO medical relevance, its production technology is a subject of transference from the Centro de Inmunología Molecular(CIM), Cuba, to the Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunonobiologicos(Bio-Manguinhos)/FIOCRUZ. The quality control over production process of rHuEPO and its final product is quite rigorous. In this context, peptidemapping is one of the most important tests used in process control of recombinant proteins production. This test ensures the primary structure integrity of a protein after its purification processes. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to define a methodology for peptide mapping of rHuEPO aiming to be used in the process control of this biopharmaceutical production in Bio-Manguinhos. Previously, the preparation of rHuEPO provided by CIM was characterized by polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis, reversed phase chromatography, chromatofocusing and mass spectrometry. In order to obtain rHuEPO peptides, the enzymatic hydrolysis of this glycoprotein with the enzyme trypsin was assessed at differents incubation times and enzyme/substrate ratio. Peptides fractionation was performed by reverse phase liquid chromatography, using distincts C18 columns and elution gradients. The main peptide fractions from reversed phase chromatography were analyzed by mass spectrometry to confirm the identity of rHuEPO tryptic peptides. The specificity of the developed methodology was evaluated by comparing peptides profiles from rHuEPO and Chymotrypsinogen A tryptic hydrolysates. The tryptic digestion using enzyme/substrate ratio of 1/50 (w/w), substrate concentration of 1 mg/mL and incubation for 1 hour at 37°C hidrolysated more than 99% of the glicoprotein. The reversed phase columns Hi-Pore RP318, Vydac 218TP C18 e Delta Pak C18 were able to fractionate the rHuEPO tryptic peptides. Compared to the methodology used in CIM, the hydrolysis incubation time was reduced by at least 2 hours and the chromatographic running time to obtain the peptide map was decreased by at least 1 hour and 42 minutes. The mass spectrometry analysis of the fractions isolated from reversed-phase chromatography showed six tryptic peptides of rHuEPO. These peptide fractions were identified as belonging to human EPO by the program Mascot Search Results. Thus it was established an specific, simple and fast peptide mapping methodology to use in process control of rHuEPO in Bio-Manguinhos.

No description available.