Stresshantering genom emotionellt närmande tros kunna sänka upplevd stress. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om emotionellt närmande kan bidra till minskad generell och coronarelaterad stress samt relevanta bakgrundsvariablers relation till emotionellt närmande bland högskolestudenter. Nittionio studenter, varav 82 kvinnor, deltog i en webbenkät. Indexerade variabler var Perceived Stress Scale 10, Coping Through Emotional Approach Scale, Brief COPE och ett egenkonstruerat index för coronarelaterad stress. Ålder, positiv omtolkning och coronarelaterad stress predicerade generell stress. Hög användning av emotionellt närmande bidrog inte till minskad generell eller coronarelaterad stress. Deltagarna som hade pågående behandling för sin psykiska hälsa använde mer emotionellt närmande än deltagare som har eller inte har gått i behandling. Slutsatserna drogs att emotionellt närmande inte verkar ha någon tydlig koppling till stress samt att högre användning av emotionellt närmande bland de som hade pågående behandling tros återspegla ett större behov av att bearbeta och uttrycka emotioner.

The demanding work environments of professional nurses often contribute to high levels of stress that impact their professional practice and well-being. Although there is a significant amount of research regarding stress and absenteeism, a gap in the literature exists about the effects of holistic coping strategies on nurses' perceived stress and absenteeism. Based on the biopsychosocial model, the purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate effects of holistic coping strategies on perceived stress and absenteeism in 128 hospital nurses. An online cross-sectional survey design used the Perceived Stress Scale-10 to measure nurses' perceptions of stress. The independent grouping variable was self-reported use of meditation, massage, or exercise. Absenteeism data were collected using nurses' attendance records provided by the hospital nursing administration office. Multiple linear regression analysis and t tests were significant for increased absenteeism with the use of meditation, but showed no change in absenteeism with massage or exercise. There was no significant relationship found between use of massage, meditation, or exercise, and perceived stress. Consideration of these findings may be of interest to hospital administrators in addressing perceived stress and absenteeism in nursing personnel. Positive social change is achieved for society, community, and the individual by preventing burnout and by addressing the financial and attendance issues related to nurse shortages in hospitals.

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Recent studies have found associations between prolonged stress response and white matter (WM) microstructure in individuals with schizophrenia, as well as correlations between early life trauma and WM integrity in individuals with schizophrenia and non-psychiatric controls; however, psychosocial correlates of WM dysfunction have not yet been adequately explored in individuals experiencing attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS, subthreshold versions of positive psychotic symptoms). This study examines WM microstructure using traditional and free-water corrected diffusion metrics within a community sample of 66 16 to 30-year-olds experiencing a range of APS to examine the contribution of perceived stress and childhood trauma to the relationship between APS and WM abnormalities, as well as examine the moderating influence of sex assigned at birth (herein referred to as sex) to these relationships. We found that overall symptom severity on the Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes (SIPS) was associated with higher extracellular free-water (FW) across the whole brain, lower free-water corrected fractional anisotropy values (FAT), and higher free-water corrected radial diffusivity (RDT). Further, childhood trauma significantly moderated the relationship between SIPS scores and both FAT and RDT, controlling for biological sex at birth, such that in the presence of APS, childhood trauma was associated with higher FAT and lower RDT, and in lower APS the opposite pattern was seen, with childhood trauma associated with lower FAT and lower RDT. After stratifying for sex, childhood trauma moderated the SIPS – FAT and RDT relationships in males similar to findings in the whole sample, though this relationship was not present in females. Perceived stress was not a significant moderator in the total sample, though was a significant moderator of the APS – FA relationship in males only. This study represents an important step toward identifying mechanisms for WM dysfunction within individuals with psychosis spectrum disorders, as well as identifying important targets for interventions. / Psychology

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Social support is associated with mental and physical health. It is important to consider culture in order to understand stress responses to everyday hassles and use of coping strategies. The current investigation hypothesized that (1) Ukrainian college students representative of a collectivistic culture would have lower levels of perceived stress than would US college students representative of a highly individualized culture, (2) Ukrainian college students would have evidence of greater social support compared to US college students, and (3) social support would mitigate differences in perceived stress between the two cultures. Based on 61 US participants recruited from Brigham Young University and 100 Ukrainian participants recruited from Sumy State University in Ukraine and using linear regression to predict college students perceived stress level from culture and MANOVA to investigate the differences in social support between two cultures, American and Ukrainian respondents scored similarly on measure of perceived stress. Moreover, American respondents reported using more social support for coping with stress than did Ukrainian respondents. These results challenge the hypothesis that collectivistic cultures use more coping strategies based on social support than do individualistic cultures and suggest that certain groups within an individualistic culture may cope with stress with social support.

Academic stress and the causes of such stress are subjects that are found in very few studies concerning student-athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this quantitative study is to determine how the following variables relate to academic stress and perceived stress either through correlations or differences--demographics, academic classification, major or field of study, athletic scholarship status, and season of sport (in- season/ out of season). An online questionnaire containing a Perceived Stress Scale and a Perception of Academic Stress scale were distributed to 151 student-athlete participants at a university in the southwest United States. The results indicated that biological sex has a significant relationship to perceived stress. No other variables were found significant to perceived stress or academic stress.

Bakgrund: Graviditet och förlossning innebär en fysisk och mental påfrestning. Efter förlossning kan det vara svårt att återgå till den nivå av fysisk aktivitet som innan en graviditet. Med fluktuerande hormoner visar att vissa kvinnor kan vara mer utsatt för upplevd stress och ångest vilket kan leda till depression. Det finns ej några nationella riktlinjer för fysisk aktivitet och träning postpartum. Det finns endast ett fåtal studier som studerar sambandet mellan fysisk aktivitetsnivå och stress hos kvinnor postpartum.  Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka fysisk aktivitet och upplevd stress, samt sambandet mellan fysisk aktivitet och upplevd stress hos kvinnor i Sverige 3 – 6 månader efter vaginal förlossning.  Metod: En korrelerande och deskriptiv kvantitativ icke experimentell design användes i denna tvärsnittsstudie. Urvalet skedde via riktade svenska Facebookgrupper och självskattningsenkäter rörande fysisk aktivitetsnivå (Socialstyrelsens indikatorfrågor om fysisk aktivitet) och upplevd stress (The Perceived stress scale - 10) samlades in vid ett tillfälle från 26 kvinnor. Totalt 19 enkäter användes i undersökningen. Resultat: Studiedeltagarna skattade sin vardagsmotion till 225 minuter/vecka (IQR = 180), sin fysiska träning till 15 min/vecka (IQR = 75), samt totala aktivitetsminuter till 300 minuter/vecka (IQR = 225). Den upplevda stressnivån skattades till 16 (IQR = 10). En svag, icke signifikant negativ korrelation förelåg mellan totala aktivitetsminuter och upplevd stress (r = -0,25).  Slutsats: Denna studie är den enda studien som studerat samband mellan fysisk aktivitetsnivå och stress hos kvinnor 3–6 månader postpartum. Ingen korrelation förelåg men kvinnorna hade en relativt hög fysisk aktivitetsnivå totalt. Undersökningen har gjorts på en liten grupp individer på 19 personer och därför är slutsatser svåra att dra. / Background: Pregnancy and childbirth involve physical and mental strain. After giving birth, it can be difficult to return to the level of physical activity within a pregnancy. Having fluctuating hormones shows that some women may be more vulnerable to perceived stress and anxiety which can lead to depression. There are no national guidelines for physical activity and exercise postpartum. Only few studies study the relationship between physical activity level and stress in postpartum women. Objective: The aim is to investigate physical activity and perceived stress, as well as the relationship between physical activity and perceived stress in women in Sweden 3 – 6 months after giving vaginal birth. Method: A correlational and descriptive quantitative non-experimental design was used in this cross-sectional study. The selection took place via targeted Swedish Facebook groups and self-assessment questionnaires regarding physical activity level (The National Board of Health and Welfare's indicator questions on physical activity) and perceived stress (The Perceived stress scale-10) were collected on one occasion from 26 women. A total of 19 questionnaires were used in the survey. Results: The study participants estimated their daily exercise to be 225 minutes/week (IQR = 180), their physical training to be 15 minutes/week (IQR = 75), and a total activity level to 300 minutes/week (IQR = 225). The perceived stress level was estimated at 16 (IQR = 10). A weak, non-significant negative correlation existed between total activity minutes and perceived stress (r = -0.25). Conclusion: This study is the only study that studied the relationship between physical activity level and stress in women 3–6 months postpartum. There was no correlation, but the women had a relatively high level of physical activity overall. The study has been done on a small group of individuals of 19 people, which is why conclusions are difficult to draw.

Bakgrund: Fysisk aktivitet förbättrar psykiskt och fysiskt välmående. Fysisk inaktivitet och stillasittande är ett växande samhällsproblem där fysiskt inaktiva arbeten är vanliga. Ett annat samhällsproblem är stressrelaterade besvär. Fysisk aktivitet kan minska stressnivåer och för att utföra fysisk aktivitet är motivation en viktig faktor. Det föreligger en kunskapslucka kring hur fysisk aktivitetsnivå, stillasittande, motivation och stressnivåer hos personer med fysiskt inaktiva arbeten är.  Syfte: Beskriva fysisk aktivitetsnivå, stillasittande, motivationsfaktorer samt stressnivåer hos individer med ett fysiskt inaktivt arbete samt undersöka könsskillnader. Även studera samband mellan stress och fysisk aktivitetsnivå respektive stress och stillasittande.  Metod: En kvantitativ enkätstudie med deskriptiv, korrelerande och jämförande design genomfördes. Socialstyrelsens indikatorfrågor om fysisk aktivitet och stillasittande, BREQ-2 om motivation till fysisk aktivitet och PSS-10 om upplevd stress besvarades av 53 individer från tre arbetsplatser med fysiskt inaktiva arbeten. Data analyserades med icke-parametrisk statistik.  Resultat: 52 deltagare inkluderas, 50% var kvinnor. Deltagarna rapporterade i genomsnitt 285 aktivitetsminuter/vecka, 660 stillasittande minuter/dygn, måttlig grad av upplevd stress och 38% hade inre reglering som motivationsfaktor till fysisk aktivitet. Det förelåg små positiva icke-signifikanta samband mellan stress och fysisk aktivitet respektive stress och stillasittande. Det förelåg inga signifikanta könsskillnader gällande någon undersökt variabel.  Slutsats: Individerna var fysiskt aktiva, motiverades av inre reglering och var mycket stillasittande. Resultaten belyser vikten av att ta stillasittande och psykosociala faktorer i beaktning vid kartläggning av fysisk aktivitetsnivå. Det behövs fler studier som säger något om könsskillnader gällande undersökta variabler. / Background: Physical activity improves mental and physical health. Physical inactivity and sedentary is an expanding societal problem where physically inactive professions are common. Another societal problem is stress-related disorders. Physical activity can reduce stress levels and motivation is important for physical activity. There is a knowledge gap regarding physical activity, sedentary, motivation and stress in individuals with physically inactive professions.  Purpose: Describe physical activity, sedentary, motivation and stress in individuals with physically inactive professions and examine gender differences. Also study correlation between stress and physical activity and stress and sedentary behaviour.  Method: A quantitative questionnaire study with descriptive, correlative and comparative design was conducted. The National Board of Health and Welfare's indicator questions about physical activity and sedentary, BREQ-2 about motivation for physical activity and PSS-10 about perceived stress were answered by 53 individuals from three workplaces with physically inactive professions. The data were analysed using non-parametric statistics.  Results: 52 participants were included, 50% were women. The participants reported 285 activity minutes/week, 660 sedentary minutes/day, moderate levels of perceived stress and 38% had intrinsic regulation as motivational factor for physical activity. Small positive non-significant correlations were seen between stress and physical activity and stress and sedentary. There were no significant gender differences regarding all variables.  Conclusion: The individuals were physically active, motivated by intrinsic regulation and had many sedentary minutes/day. The results highlight the importance of taking sedentary and psychosocial factors into consideration when identifying physical activity. More studies are required that examine gender differences regarding examined variables.