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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
351

Micromechanics modeling of the multifunctional nature of carbon nanotube-polymer nanocomposites

Seidel, Gary Don 02 June 2009 (has links)
The present work provides a micromechanics approach based on the generalized self-consistent composite cylinders method as a non-Eshelby approach towards for assessing the impact of carbon nanotubes on the multi-functional nature of nanocom-posites in which they are a constituent. Emphasis is placed on the effective elastic properties as well as electrical and thermal conductivities of nanocomposites con-sisting of randomly oriented single walled carbon nanotubes in epoxy. The effective elastic properties of aligned, as well as clustered and well-dispersed nanotubes in epoxy are discussed in the context of nanotube bundles using both the generalized self-consistent composite cylinders method as well as using computational microme-chanics techniques. In addition, interphase regions are introduced into the composite cylinders assemblages to account for the varying degrees of load transfer between nanotubes and the epoxy as a result of functionalization or lack thereof. Model pre-dictions for randomly oriented nanotubes both with and without interphase regions are compared to measured data from the literature with emphasis placed on assessing the bounds of the effective nanocomposite properties based on the uncertainty in the model input parameters. The generalized self-consistent composite cylinders model is also applied to model the electrical and thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube-epoxy nanocomposites. Recent experimental observations of the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube polymer composites have identified extremely low percolation limits as well as a per-ceived double percolation behavior. Explanations for the extremely low percolation limit for the electrical conductivity of these nanocomposites have included both the creation of conductive networks of nanotubes within the matrix and quantum effects such as electron hopping or tunneling. Measurements of the thermal conductivity have also shown a strong dependence on nanoscale effects. However, in contrast, these nanoscale effects strongly limit the ability of the nanotubes to increase the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite due to the formation of an interfacial thermal resistance layer between the nanotubes and the surrounding polymer. As such, emphasis is placed here on the incorporation of nanoscale effects, such as elec-tron hopping and interfacial thermal resistance, into the generalized self-consistent composite cylinder micromechanics model.
352

Prioritized Exploration Strategy Based On Invasion Percolation Guidance

Karahan, Murat 01 January 2010 (has links) (PDF)
The major aim in search and rescue using mobile robots is to reach trapped survivors and to support rescue operations through the disaster environments. Our motivation is based on the fact that a search and rescue (SAR) robot can navigate within and penetrate a disaster area only if the area in question possesses connected voids Traversability or penetrability of a disaster area is a primary factor that guides the navigation of a search and rescue (SAR) robot, since it is highly desirable that the robot, without hitting a dead end or getting stuck, keeps its mobility for its primary task of reconnaissance and mapping when searching the highly unstructured environment We propose two novel guided prioritized exploration system: 1) percolation guided methodology where a percolator estimates the existence of connected voids in the upcoming yet unexplored region ahead of the robot so as to increase the efficiency of reconnaissance operation by the superior ability of the percolation guidance in speedy coverage of the area / 2) the hybrid exploration methodology that makes the percolation guided exploration collaborate with entropy based SLAM under a switching control dependent on either priority given to position accuracy or to map accuracy This second methodology has proven to combine the superiority of both methods so that the active SLAM becomes speedy, with high coverage rate of the area as well as accurate in localization.
353

Multi-robot Coordination Control Methodology For Search And Rescue Operations

Topal, Sebahattin 01 September 2011 (has links) (PDF)
This dissertation presents a novel multi-robot coordination control algorithm for search and rescue (SAR) operations. Continuous and rapid coverage of the unstructured and complex disaster areas in search of possible buried survivors is a time critical operation where prior information about the environment is either not available or very limited. Human navigation of such areas is definitely dangerous due to the nature of the debris. Hence, exploration of unknown disaster environments with a team of robots is gaining importance day by day to increase the efficiency of SAR operations. Localization of possible survivors necessitates uninterrupted navigation of robotic aiding devices within the rubbles without getting trapped into dead ends. In this work, a novel goal oriented prioritized exploration and map merging methodologies are proposed to generate efficient multi-robot coordination control strategy. These two methodologies are merged to make the proposed methodology more realistic for real world applications. Prioritized exploration of an environment is the first important task of the efficient coordination control algorithm for multi-robots. A goal oriented and prioritized exploration approach based on a percolation model for victim search operation in unknown environments is presented in this work. The percolation model is used to describe the behavior of liquid in random media. In our approach robots start prioritized exploration beginning from regions of the highest likelihood of finding victims using percolation model inspired controller. A novel map merging algorithm is presented to increase the performance of the SAR operation in the sense of time and energy. The problem of merging partial occupancy grid environment maps which are extracted independently by individual robot units during search and rescue (SAR) operations is solved for complex disaster environments. Moreover, these maps are combined using intensity and area based features without knowing the initial position and orientation of the robots. The proposed approach handles the limitation of existing works in the literature such as / limited overlapped area between partial maps of robots is sufficient for good merging performance and unstructured partial environment maps can be merged efficiently. These abilities allow multi-robot teams to efficiently generate the occupancy grid map of catastrophe areas and localize buried victim in the debris efficiently.
354

Gibbs Measures and Phase Transitions in Potts and Beach Models

Hallberg, Per January 2004 (has links)
<p>The theory of Gibbs measures belongs to the borderlandbetween statistical mechanics and probability theory. In thiscontext, the physical phenomenon of phase transitioncorresponds to the mathematical concept of non-uniqueness for acertain type of probability measures.</p><p>The most studied model in statistical mechanics is thecelebrated Ising model. The Potts model is a natural extensionof the Ising model, and the beach model, which appears in adifferent mathematical context, is in certain respectsanalogous to the Ising model. The two main parts of this thesisdeal with the Potts model and the beach model,respectively.</p><p>For the<i>q</i>-state Potts model on an infinite lattice, there are<i>q</i>+1 basic Gibbs measures: one wired-boundary measure foreach state and one free-boundary measure. For infinite trees,we construct "new" invariant Gibbs measures that are not convexcombinations of the basic measures above. To do this, we use anextended version of the random-cluster model together withcoupling techniques. Furthermore, we investigate the rootmagnetization as a function of the inverse temperature.Critical exponents to this function for different parametercombinations are computed.</p><p>The beach model, which was introduced by Burton and Steif,has many features in common with the Ising model. We generalizesome results for the Ising model to the beach model, such asthe connection between phase transition and a certain agreementpercolation event. We go on to study a<i>q</i>-state variant of the beach model. Using randomclustermodel methods again we obtain some results on where in theparameter space this model exhibits phase transition. Finallywe study the beach model on regular infinite trees as well.Critical values are estimated with iterative numerical methods.In different parameter regions we see indications of both firstand second order phase transition.</p><p><b>Keywords and phrases:</b>Potts model, beach model,percolation, randomcluster model, Gibbs measure, coupling,Markov chains on infinite trees, critical exponent.</p>
355

Influence des pressions anthropiques sur l'évolution des concentrations en nitrates dans la nappe de la craie du Nord de la France applications au Cambrésis et au nord Audomarois /

Serhal, Hani Maillot, Henri. Bernard, Daniel. January 2007 (has links)
Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Génie civil : Lille 1 : 2006. / N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3778. Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 140-146.
356

Jogos evolucionários : dinâmica de melhor resposta

Pinto, Dalton Vinicius Teixeira January 2017 (has links)
Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cristian Fabio Coletti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Matemática , 2017. / Nessa dissertação estudamos a Dinâmica de Melhor Resposta de Evilsizor e Lanchier (3). Foram revisadas as demonstrações em busca de equilíbrios evolucionariamente estáveis e analisando simulações para todos os casos pertinentes. Além desta revisão, neste trabalho introduzimos o conceito de nós teimosos e os adicionamos ao modelo a fim de desestabilizar o equilíbrio no caso estudado em (3). Através das simulações, criamos a intuição de que até nos casos onde não existem equilíbrios evolucionariamente estáveis há também um equilíbrio, porém com coexistência de estratégias. Conjecturamos que esse resultado vale para o caso geral, porém conseguimos prová-lo apenas para dois casos particulares. / In this thesis we studied the Best-Response Dynamics model of Evilsizor e Lanchier (3). We reviewed proofs in search for an Evolutionary Stable Equilibrium analysing simulations for all relevant cases. Besides this revision, we introduced the concept of stubborn players and added it to the Best-Response Dynamics model hoping destabilize the Evolutionary Stable Equilibrium. Through those simulations, we conjectured that even when there is not an Evolutionary Stable Equilibrium, the model converges to another kind of equilibrium, that has coexistent strategies. We conjectured that it states for all altruistic/altruistic cases, but we only could prove it for two specific sub-cases.
357

Evolutionary Games as Interacting Particle Systems

January 2016 (has links)
abstract: This dissertation investigates the dynamics of evolutionary games based on the framework of interacting particle systems in which individuals are discrete, space is explicit, and dynamics are stochastic. Its focus is on 2-strategy games played on a d-dimensional integer lattice with a range of interaction M. An overview of related past work is given along with a summary of the dynamics in the mean-field model, which is described by the replicator equation. Then the dynamics of the interacting particle system is considered, first when individuals are updated according to the best-response update process and then the death-birth update process. Several interesting results are derived, and the differences between the interacting particle system model and the replicator dynamics are emphasized. The terms selfish and altruistic are defined according to a certain ordering of payoff parameters. In these terms, the replicator dynamics are simple: coexistence occurs if both strategies are altruistic; the selfish strategy wins if one strategy is selfish and the other is altruistic; and there is bistability if both strategies are selfish. Under the best-response update process, it is shown that there is no bistability region. Instead, in the presence of at least one selfish strategy, the most selfish strategy wins, while there is still coexistence if both strategies are altruistic. Under the death-birth update process, it is shown that regardless of the range of interactions and the dimension, regions of coexistence and bistability are both reduced. Additionally, coexistence occurs in some parameter region for large enough interaction ranges. Finally, in contrast with the replicator equation and the best-response update process, cooperators can win in the prisoner's dilemma for the death-birth process in one-dimensional nearest-neighbor interactions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Applied Mathematics 2016
358

Características de solos da área de influência de valas de infiltração/percolação da água residuária da despolpa dos frutos do cafeeiro / Characteristics of the soil in area under influence of dumping holes used for infiltration/percolation of wastewater discharged from the coffee grain processing

Pereira, Víctor Almeida 13 February 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:53:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 442800 bytes, checksum: 976975bef3a9982c455505f10840bbdb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the south of the Espírito Santo State, Brazil, the wastewater generated in the coffee grain processing (CGPW) is disposed by the farmers in dumping holes in the soil. This practice has the advantages of the requirement of small areas, the low costs, and the feasibility of construction, operation and management. However, it has to be appropriately executed in order to avoid the contamination of the underground water and the occurrence of changes in the soil chemical and physical characteristics. It was made the characterization of the disposed CGPW and determined the chemical and physical characteristics in soil samples collected near the dumping holes used for CGPW disposal in counties from the Espírito Santo State. The samples were collected at distances up to 5 in the lateral of the hole, at different depths and in the bottom of the dumping hole. The disposed CGPW presented salinity, acid pH, high concentration of total solids and high organic content, with the element N being the most concentrated. The exchangeable K increased in almost all soil samples collected in the lateral positions. This caused a higher electrical conductivity in the saturation extract, a higher percentage of dispersed clay in the soil, mainly in the samples closer to the dumping hole, a decrease in the potential acidity, and changes in the pH of some samples. The soil exchangeable Ca and Mg also increased in the samples closer to the dumping holes with increase of the sum of bases and index of base saturation. The available P decreased in the samples more distant from to the dumping holes. There was no detection of Na in the samples and no variation of exchangeable Al concentration, but the Al saturation index decreased closer to the dumping hole. The cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), at pH 7, decreased in most of the samples whereas the effective CEC increased in the samples closer to the dumping holes. The organic matter content and the remaining P increased in some samples located at 50 cm from the dumping holes. In the soil samples collected at the bottom of the holes, the pH, the Mg concentration, the sum of bases and índex of base saturation decreased whereas the electrical conductivity, clay disperse in water, organic matter content, moisture equivalent, potential acidity, Al saturation and CEC, at pH 7, increased. There was increase also in the available P, remaining P, and exchangeable Ca and Al. The exchangeable K and the effective CEC did not show variation in the samples collected in different depths at the bottom of the hole. / No sul do Estado do Espírito Santo, a técnica de disposição da água residuária do descascamento/despolpa dos frutos do cafeeiro (ARC) em valas de infiltração/percolação é muito utilizada por produtores, por necessitar de pequenas áreas para se efetuar a disposição da ARC, ser de baixo custo e fácil implantação, operação e manutenção. No entanto, se esta técnica for realizada de forma inadequada, poderá causar contaminação do lençol subterrâneo e alterações nas características químicas e físicas do solo. Em razão disso, foi realizada a caracterização da ARC disposta em valas, sendo avaliadas também as características químicas e físicas do solo de amostras coletadas na área de influência de valas utilizadas para disposição da ARC, em municípios do sul do Estado do Espírito Santo. As amostras de solo foram coletadas em até 5 m de distância lateral das valas, em diferentes profundidades e no fundo das mesmas. Observou- se que a ARC disposta nas valas apresentou salinidade, pH ácido, grande concentração de sólidos totais e elevada carga orgânica, sendo o N o elemento químico em maior concentração. O K trocável aumentou em praticamente todas as amostras de solo coletadas nas posições laterais às valas, proporcionando aumento da condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação (CE) e da argila dispersa em água do solo (ADA), notadamente nas amostras coletadas mais proximamente às valas. Além disso, proporcionou diminuição na acidez potencial, em todas as amostras de solo analisadas e, ainda, influenciou os valores do pH, em algumas amostras. As concentrações de Ca e Mg trocáveis também aumentaram em amostras mais próximas às valas, devido à presença destes elementos químicos na ARC, o que proporcionou, na maioria das amostras de solo analisadas, aumento no valor da soma de bases (SB) e na saturação por bases (V). Em amostras de solo coletadas a maiores distâncias das valas, houve diminuição nas concentrações de P disponível. Não foi detectada a presença de Na e as concentrações de Al trocável não foram alteradas nas amostras, independente da posição de coleta, entretanto a saturação por Al diminuiu em amostras coletadas mais proximamente às valas. A capacidade de troca catiônica potencial (CTC a pH 7) diminuiu na grande maioria das amostras de solo e a CTC efetiva aumentou em amostras coletadas mais proximamente das valas. O conteúdo de matéria orgânica (MO) e a concentração de P-remanescente aumentaram em algumas amostras localizadas a 50 cm das valas. Nas amostras coletadas no perfil de solo a partir do fundo das valas, o pH, a concentração de Mg, a SB e V diminuíram, enquanto a CE, a ADA, o equivalente de umidade (EU), a acidez potencial, a saturação por Al, a CTC a pH 7, o conteúdo de matéria orgânica e as concentrações de P disponível, P- remanescente, Ca e Al trocáveis aumentaram. A concentração de K trocável e a CTC efetiva permaneceram praticamente constantes ao longo do perfil de solo amostrado a partir do fundo da vala.
359

Nanodielétricos de matriz polimérica epoxídica reforçada por nanopartículas de óxidos metálicos / Nanodielectric of epoxy polymer matrix reinforced by metal oxides nanoparticles

Nascimento, Eduardo do 23 February 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T15:56:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo do Nascimento.pdf: 17308021 bytes, checksum: 2ed27e1acd450db70b3f3070fc023b66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work were studied nanodielectric epoxy coatings DGEBA/OTBG reinforced with alumina anoparticles of 10nm and zinc oxide nanopaticles of 90nm. The nanocomposites were processed by twin-screw extrusion with filler fractions of 1%phr, 3%phr, 6%phr and 15%phr. The particle dispersion was investigated with the FIB/FESEM method. Then, the images collected were treated for quantitative analysis of the dispersion. Two methods were used to quantify the dispersion. First, the index for nearest neighbor distance NND showed that nanocomposites reinforced with alumina have a greater state of agglomeration NND=0.45 compared to ZnO-nanocomposites reinforced with NND=0.65. This occured due to the higher surface area of the nanoparticles alumina. Second, a multifractal analysis of the particles-agglomerated distribution was performed. In this ase, the thesis presented suggests that the interphase percolation threshold should occur when the fractal imension of the agglomerations is similar to fractal dimension of the individual particles distribution. From the critical percolation threshold estimated by the dielectric behavior was possible to calculate the interphase thickness, correlating the state of dispersion and the dielectric breakdown of the nanocomposites. Was found a nterphase with 61nm for nanocomposites reinforced with ZnO and 12nm for nanocomposites reinforced with alumina. The dielectric spectra showed a quasi-DC conductivity behavior in nanocomposites with lower filler fraction due to the trapping of additional water molecules in the electrical diffuse double-layer in interfaces. As the filler loading is increased, the interfacial polarization is less pronunciated because the larger overlapping of interphase. When the percolation threshold is reached in nanocomposites with higher fraction of particles, the material exhibits conductivity-DC. The dielectric behavior corroborates the measured value of the dielectric breakdown. The nanocomposites reinforced with 1%phr of ZnO and alumina are increased by 50% and 34% the dielectric breakdown as compared to DGEBA/OTBG pristine matrix. Whereas in nanocomposites reinforced with 15%phr at interphase percolation threshold, the variation in dielectric breakdown was deleterious. It is shown that the addition of nanoparticles does not cause change in free volume of the polymer matrix, thus the free volume changes did not corroborate the nanodielectrics performance. The calorimetric aspects of the curing reaction and mechanical properties were also investigated. It was observed that the zinc oxide catalyzes the crosslinking reaction by decreasing the activation energy of 65kJ/mol in the neat epoxy matrix to 53kJ/mol in the nanocomposite. Thus, its mechanical behavior is unlike modified due to variation in crosslink density of the matrix. While the use of nanoparticles of Al2O3 leads to mechanical toughness of nanocomposite, the addition of ZnO nanoparticles leads to embrittlement, as seen through cracks induced by scratch test. The glass transition temperature and hardness were increased to 95°C and 177MPa the neat epoxy matrix to 104°C and 198MPa in the ZnO-nanocomposite, showing a direct relationship with the effect of adding the nanoparticles in the crosslinking reaction. / Neste trabalho estudou-se revestimentos epoxídicos nanodielétricos DGEBA/OTBG reforçado com nanopartículas de alumina 10nm e oxido de zinco 90nm. Os nanocompósitos foram processados por extrusão dupla-rosca com frações de reforços de 1%phr, 3%phr, 6%phr e 15%phr. A dispersão das partículas foi investigada com o método FIB/FESEM. Então, as imagens coletadas foram tratadas para as analises quantitativas da dispersão. Dois métodos foram empregados na quantificação da dispersão. Primeiro, o índice para o vizinho mais próximo NND mostrou que os nanocompósitos reforçados com alumina apresentam um maior estado de aglomeração NND=0,45 em comparação aos nanocompósitos reforçados com ZnO NND=0,65. Isto ocorreu devido a superior área superficial das nanopartículas de alumina. Segundo, foi realizada uma analise multifractal da distribuição de partículas-aglomerados. Neste caso, a tese apresentada propõe que o limiar de percolação da interfase deve ocorrer quando a dimensão fractal das aglomerações for da mesma ordem da dimensão fractal da distribuição de partículas individuais. A partir do limiar critico de percolação estimado pelo comportamento dielétrico foi possível calcular a espessura da interfase correlacionando o estado de dispersão e a rigidez dielétrica dos nanocompósitos. Encontrou-se uma interfase com 61nm para os nanocompósitos reforçados com ZnO e com 12nm para os nanocompósitos reforçados com alumina. Os espectros dielétricos mostram um comportamento de condutividade quasi-DC nos nanocompósitos com pequena fração de reforços devido ao aprisionamento das adicionais moléculas de aguas nas duplascamadas elétricas nas interfaces. A medida que a fração e aumentada ocorrer uma polarização interfacial menos intensa dada a maior sobreposição das regiões de interfase. Quando o limiar de percolação e atingido nos nanocompósitos com grande fração de partículas, o material apresenta condutividade-DC. O comportamento dielétrico corrobora com o valor medido da rigidez dielétrica. Os nanocompósitos reforçados com 1%phr de alumina e ZnO aumentaram respectivamente em 50% e 34% o valor da rigidez dielétrica em comparação com a matriz DGEBA/OTBG não reforçada. Ao passo que, nos nanocompósitos com a interfase percolada reforçados com 15%phr a variação da rigidez dielétrica foi deletéria. Mostrou-se que a adição de nanopartículas não causa variação no volume livre da matriz polimérica, portanto, alterações do volume livre não corroboram para o desempenho de nanodielétricos. Os aspectos calorimétricos da reação de cura e as propriedades mecânicas também foram investigados. Observou-se que, o oxido de zinco catalisa a reação de reticulação diminuindo a energia de ativação de 65kJ/mol na matriz epoxídica não reforçada para 53kJ/mol no nanocompósito. Assim, o seu comportamento mecânico e diferentemente alterado devido a variação na densidade de reticulação da matriz. Enquanto, a utilização de nanopartículas de Al2O3 leva a tenacificação mecânica do nanocompósito, a adição de ZnO leva a fragilização, como verificado através de trincas induzidas com teste por risco realizado com um nanoindentador. A dureza e a temperatura de transição vítrea foram aumentadas de 177MPa e 95°C na matriz não reforçada para 198MPa e 104°C nos nanocompósitos, mostrando direta relação com o efeito da adição das nanopartículas na reação de reticulação.
360

Influência nas propriedades elétricas devido ao alinhamento de nanotubos de carbono em matriz epóxi utilizando campo elétrico / Alignment of carbon nanotubes in epoxy matrix by electric field

Risi, Celso Luis Sigoli 25 February 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Capa.pdf: 203956 bytes, checksum: 407d7f7b9ea4356c0eaa848e0eeb55d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Multi-walled carbon nanotubos dispersed in epoxy matrix (DGEBA) were aligned by a sinusoidal electric field with amplitude of 300 V / cm and frequency 1 kHz, during curing of the nanocomposites. Nanocomposites were subjected to the electric field (aligned nanotubes) and samples cured without the presence of the field (with nanotubes dispersed randomly) and NC concentration equal to 0.05, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5% (m / m). The morphologies of aligned carbon nanotubes networks, in samples submitted to the electric field were characterized by means transmitted light optical microscopy analysis. It was observed that the geometry of the networks is strongly influenced by the concentration of nanotubes. The monitoring of electrical conductivity during the curing of the samples, allowed us to identify the three main stages of formation of networks. The first is related to the alignment and clustering of NCPM, the second is related to the stability of the network and the third to the cure of epoxy matrix. The Classical Percolation Theory has been used to relate the electrical conductivity (dc) to the content of NCPM, and allowed to determine the exponent of the electrical conductivity and percolation threshold of aligned samples and samples without alignment. The trend of increase in the electrical conductivity exponent in the aligned samples indicates the formation of an anisotropic network, since the conductivity is favored in the direction of alignment. The percolation threshold showed a decrease in the sample aligned, which may relate to the facilitation of the electric conduction process through the material. As for the dielectric properties, nanocomposites analyzed showed a behavior similar to the dielectric described by the first order Debye dielectric dispersion model. Both samples type showed a relaxation time of electric dipoles in the order of milliseconds, typical of interfacial polarization. The permittivity of aligned samples exhibited a magnitude increase in frequency of 200 Hz. This behavior may be related to the increased ability to trap electrical charges due to the formation of the network carbon nanotubes. The DMA and DIL analysis showed that Tg of the aligned samples decrease, indicating that the alignment affect the restriction on the movement of polymer chains. The micro-hardness analysis was not sensitive enough to characterize the hardness anisotropy, depending on the alignment of NCPM dispersed in the matrix. In the other hand, it was revealed that the incorporation of nanotubes creates free volume within the material, which reduces the hardness of the nanocomposites compared with pure epoxy. / Nanotubos de paredes múltiplas (NCPM) dispersos em matriz epóxi (DGEBA) foram alinhados com o auxilio de um campo elétrico senoidal, de amplitude de 300 V/cm e freqüência de 1 kHz, durante a cura dos nanocompósitos. Foram fabricados nanocompósitos submetidos ao campo elétrico (nanotubos alinhados) e amostras curadas sem a presença do campo (com nanotubos dispersos de modo aleatório), com teores de NCPM iguais a 0,05; 0,1; 0,25 e 0,5 % (m/m). As morfologias das redes alinhadas, nas amostras submetidas ao campo, foram caracterizadas por meio das analises de microscopia óptica de luz transmitida. Foi possível notar que a geometria das redes e fortemente influenciada pela concentração de nanotubos. O monitoramento da condutividade elétrica, durante a cura das amostras linhadas, permitiu identificar as três principais etapas de formação das redes. A primeira esta relacionada com o processo de alinhamento e aglomeração lateral dos NCPM, a segunda esta relacionada com a estabilidade da rede e a terceira com a cura da matriz epóxi. A Teoria da Percolação Clássica foi utilizada para descrever a condutividade elétrica (cc) em função do teor de NCPM, e permitiu determinar o expoente de condutividade elétrica e o limiar de percolação das amostras alinhadas e das amostras sem alinhamento. A tendência de acréscimo do expoente de condutividade elétrica nas amostras alinhadas indica a formação de uma rede anisotrópica, uma vez que o fluxo elétrico e favorecido na direção do alinhamento. O limiar de percolação apresentou uma diminuição nas amostras alinhadas, que pode estar relacionado com a facilitação do processo de condução através do material. Como relação as propriedades dielétricas, os nanocompósitos analisados (0,5 % m/m, alinhados e sem alinhamento) apresentaram um comportamento similar aos dielétricos descritos pelo modelo de dispersão dielétrica de primeira ordem de Debye. Ambas as amostras apresentaram um tempo de relaxação dos dipolos elétricos na ordem de milissegundos, característico de polarização interfacial. Na freqüência de 200 Hz a permissividade elétrica exibiu um aumento na ordem de grandeza, nas amostras alinhadas. Este comportamento pode estar relacionado com o aumento da capacidade de aprisionar cargas elétricas, devido a formação da rede. As analises de DMA e DIL mostraram que a Tg das amostras alinhadas diminuem, indicando que o alinhamento prejudica a restrição dos movimentos das cadeias poliméricas. Já a analise de microdureza Vickers nao se mostrou sensível o bastante para caracterizar a anisotropia de tal propriedade, em função do alinhamento dos NCPM dispersos na matriz. Em contra partida, foi possível perceber que a incorporação de nanotubos gera volumes livres no interior do material, que diminui a dureza dos nanocompósitos, quando comparado com o epóxi puro.

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