A descentralização das atividades do Estado na área de transportes, iniciada com o Programa Nacional de Desestatização, tem transferido à iniciativa privada a concessão de um número crescente de rodovias federais. A necessidade de fiscalizar a exploração da infra-estrutura rodoviária e de identificar as necessidades dos usuários de rodovias demanda a criação de um sistema de avaliação de desempenho para as concessões rodoviárias realizadas. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um modelo de avaliação de desempenho de rodovias federais sob concessão, traduzindo a visão de usuários e técnicos do sistema rodoviário federal. Para tal, foi utilizada uma metodologia tendo como ferramenta básica a Pesquisa de Marketing, seguida de uma abordagem matemática. Durante o desenvolvimento do modelo, efetuou-se a identificação e a hierarquização dos atributos de uma rodovia valorizados por técnicos e usuários, através de pesquisas qualitativas e quantitativas, sendo realizada uma análise comparativa entre as duas visões. Desta forma, o modelo desenvolvido apresenta uma visão mais ampla do desempenho das rodovias concedidas, uma vez que considera a opinião de usuários e técnicos na avaliação. Também observou-se algumas características dinâmicas na estrutura do modelo que permitem acompanhar uma possível evolução nas rodovias, na percepção e necessidade dos usuários ou mesmo na capacidade técnica de avaliação. O foco na avaliação de rodovias federais sob concessão sugere, como indicação futura para a continuidade deste trabalho, a generalização do modelo para avaliar os diversos tipos de rodovias existentes no país. / The break up of the State’s duties upon transportation area, started during the National Program of Privatization, has transferred an increasing number of federal roads to private sector. The need of inspection of road infrastructure as well as the identification of roads’ patron desires demand the elaboration of an evaluating system able to measure the performance of road concessions. This thesis intends to develop a performance evaluating system focused on federal roads under concessions based on patrons and federal highway system experts’ opinion. The proposed methodology is based on a Marketing Research followed by a mathematical analysis. Identification and ordering of patrons and experts’ attributes were performed through qualitative and quantitative researches, allowing a comparative analysis between both opinions. Therefore, the proposed model conducts to a deeper analysis of the performance of concessions, once it evaluates opinion of patrons and experts. The model also allows evaluations concerning roads evolution, patrons’ perception and even experts’ capacity of judgment. The upgrade of the proposed methodology is a suggestion for further research, considering the diversity of roads in the country.

abstract: The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a strategic planning and management system that causally links actions and subsequent financial and nonfinancial outcomes. The primary goal of the BSC is to motivate actions that are congruent with the organization's long-term strategy. A secondary purpose of the BSC is to facilitate the performance evaluation of managers charged with advancing the corporate strategy. To serve this second purpose the BSC must include a time dimension. Specifically, the strategic plan must recognize time lags between actions taken, lead outcomes (often nonfinancial in nature) and lagged outcomes (usually financial success measures). If an evaluator is not provided with timeline information a subordinate may be evaluated based on inappropriate performance metrics; that is, a subordinate may be held accountable for an outcome beyond the subordinate's time span of control. This study evaluates the effect on performance evaluations and bonus allocations when evaluators are provided (or not provided) with a strategy implementation timeline. This issue has not been previously examined in the literature. This study also examines the moderating effect of experience, management buy-in to the corporate strategy, and affect on performance evaluations and bonus allocations. Results from an experiment conducted with evening MBA students show that inclusion of a strategy implementation timeline leads to more normatively correct performance evaluations, but only for experienced participants. Higher levels of both positive and negative affect were found to result in choice avoidance behavior. Buy-in to the corporate strategy was not found to have an effect. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Accountancy 2012

abstract: In this study, I examine the extent to which firms rely on relative performance evaluation (RPE) when setting executive compensation. In particular, I examine whether firms use information about peer performance to determine compensation at the end of the year, i.e. after both firm and peer performance are observed. I find that RPE is most pronounced for firms that allow little or no scope for ex post subjective adjustments to annual bonuses. Conversely, firms that rely mainly on subjectivity in determining bonus exhibit little use of RPE. These findings suggest that information about peer performance is not used at the end of the year. Instead, peer performance seems to be incorporated in performance targets at the beginning of the year, at least among firms primarily using objective performance measurements. In addition, I provide new evidence on the determinants of the use of subjectivity. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Accountancy 2013

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O acompanhamento do desenvolvimento infantil à configurado como uma das aÃÃes mais importantes para o alcance de melhor qualidade de vida. Objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento motor de crianÃas com idade entre zero e 18 meses. Estudo descritivo, transversal, avaliativo, realizado nos Centros de SaÃde da FamÃlia (CSF) dos municÃpios de Fortaleza e Sobral, Cearà (CE), Brasil. A amostra foi composta por 330 crianÃas, sendo 165 de cada municÃpio estudado. A coleta de dados ocorreu em Fevereiro-Maio/2012, foi utilizado um formulÃrio prÃ-estruturado contendo variÃveis da crianÃa e da famÃlia, a escala Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), versÃo em portuguÃs, e o Instrumento de VigilÃncia do Desenvolvimento do MinistÃrio da SaÃde contido na Caderneta de SaÃde da CrianÃa (CSC), apÃs aprovaÃÃo pelo Comità de Ãtica em Pesquisa. Observaram-se nos resultados que no municÃpio de Fortaleza, a maioria das crianÃas à do sexo feminino, nascida de parto cesÃreo; em Sobral prevaleceu o gÃnero masculino e o parto vaginal. Em Fortaleza, 7,2% das crianÃas eram prematuras, 6,6% baixo peso ao nascer; em Sobral 8,5% de prematuros e 8,5% com baixo peso ao nascer. Em relaÃÃo ao perfil socioeconÃmico e educacional dos pais/responsÃveis pelas crianÃas, prevaleceu, em ambos os municÃpios, 11 a 13 anos de estudo, idade entre 22 e 35 anos e nÃo ter ocupaÃÃo rentÃvel. Em relaÃÃo ao perfil sÃcio demogrÃfico, a maioria tinha rede de esgoto, coleta de lixo e chÃo com cerÃmica. O desenvolvimento motor das crianÃas avaliado pela escala AIMS, em ambos os municÃpios foi classificado como normal para a maioria das crianÃas (307), conforme ocorreu em relaÃÃo ao avaliado segundo o Instrumento de VigilÃncia do MinistÃrio da SaÃde (CSC) (302 crianÃas). Ao correlacionar os dois instrumentos utilizados, encontrou-se concordÃncia entre os mesmos, porÃm pobre (k=0,096; 0,077). Analisando as classificaÃÃes dos instrumentos em separado, observando-se maior poder de concordÃncia entre as que detectam dÃficit no desenvolvimento, entÃo, foram agrupadas as classificaÃÃes em âCom DÃficitâ e âSem DÃficitâ, resultando em concordÃncia quase perfeita (k=0,879; 0,910) entre os instrumentos. Evidenciou-se associaÃÃo significativa entre idade gestacional (p=0,012; 0,000) e peso ao nascer (p=0,000; 0,000), considerando a amostra completa, para ambos os instrumentos. Encontrou-se associaÃÃo significativa entre o desenvolvimento motor quando considerada a amostra total, e os fatores de risco ao nascimento internaÃÃo hospitalar, oxigenoterapia e fototerapia. A idade materna mostrou associaÃÃo significante em Fortaleza (p=0,001; 0,004) e quando considerada a amostra completa (p=0,017; 0,016), o estado civil (p=0,054; 0,049) e a ocupaÃÃo rentÃvel em Sobral (p=0,003; 0,013), ao serem associados com as classificaÃÃes das escalas. Em relaÃÃo aos dados sociodemogrÃficos nÃo foram evidenciados associaÃÃes estatisticamente significantes com o desenvolvimento segundo os instrumentos de avaliaÃÃo. Concluiu-se que nÃo existiu diferenÃa entre o desempenho motor das crianÃas residentes nos municÃpios estudados, os instrumentos utilizados possuem alto poder de concordÃncia entre si para detecÃÃo de dÃficit, e apresentaram correlaÃÃo significante com o desenvolvimento infantil com as variÃveis: idade gestacional, peso ao nascer, internaÃÃo hospitalar, oxigenoterapia, fototerapia, idade materna, estado civil e ocupaÃÃo rentÃvel da mÃe. / The accompaniment of infant development is considered one of the most important initiatives to reach a better quality of life. We sought to evaluate motor development in babies aged zero to 18 months. This is a descriptive, transversal and evaluative study performed in Health Family Centers (CSF) of the municipalities of Fortaleza and Sobral CE), Brazil. The sample was composed of 330 children, 165 from each studied municipality. Data collection took place between February/March 2012 through a predetermined form with child and family variables using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), Portuguese version and the Ministry of Health Control Protocol included in the Child Health Booklet (CSC), after approval granted by the Research Ethics Committee. According to results, in the Fortaleza municipality, most children were females born through cesarean section whereas in Sobral there was a predominance of males and natural births. In Fortaleza, 7.2% of children were premature and 6.6% had lower weight at birth while in Sobral, 8.5% were premature and 8.5% were born with low weight. As for the socioeconomic and educational profile of childrenâs parents/tutors, we found that in both municipalities the majority of them had 11 to 13 years of study, were aged 22 to 35 and did not have a paid occupation. With regards to their socio-demographic profile, most of them had basic sanitation, garbage collection service and ceramic floors. Child motor development was evaluated through the AIMS scale in both municipalities and it was considered normal for most children (307). This was corroborated by the second evaluation, made by the Ministry of Health Control Protocol (CSC) (302 children). The analysis of both documents showed agreement between them, however weak (k=0096; 0.077). When analyzing both results separately, we noticed more concordance among development deficit items. Different evaluation items were identified as âWith deficitâ or Without Deficitâ, resulting in an almost perfect concordance (k=0.879; 0.910) between both instruments. There was also an important connection between the gestational age (p=0.012; 0.000) and the weight at birth (p=0.000; 0.000), considering the complete sample for both documents. We also found a relevant concordance between motor development when considering the full sample and risks factors associated to hospitalization, oxygen therapy and phototherapy. The maternal age showed a significant correlation in Fortaleza (p=0.001; 0.004). The analysis of the full sample (p=0.017; 0.016), the marital status (p=0.054; 0.049) and paid occupations in Sobral (p=0.003; 0.013), also resulted to be closely related to the scale qualifications. As for socio-demographic data, no statistically significant associations were found with regards to development levels according to the evaluation instruments. There was no difference between the childrenâs motor performance in the two studied municipalities. Both instruments presented high concordance levels in deficit detection and a significant correlation with infant mobility considering the following variables: gestational age, weight at birth, hospitalization, oxygen therapy, phototherapy, maternal age, marital status and mother paid occupation.

A avaliação de desempenho organizacional faz parte da gestão de empresas que possuem uma postura competitiva. Um sistema de avaliação de desempenho deve ser capaz de verificar se a empresa consegue atingir seus objetivos estratégicos, verificando a performance de seus processos e o atingimento de suas metas. O presente trabalho está inserido neste contexto, apresentando o desenvolvimento e a implantação de um modelo de Avaliação Global de Desempenho (AGD) em uma empresa prestadora de serviços para laboratórios, a Rede Metrológica RS. Primeiramente apresenta-se a revisão de quatro modelos de medição de desempenho existentes na literatura: o Balanced Scorecard, o modelo Quantum, o modelo do Capital Intelectual e o modelo Hoshin Kanri. Também é apresentado o método de análise multicriterial Analitycal Hierarchical Process (AHP), que foi utilizado para avaliar a importância dos processos de uma organização e seu impacto em relação à estratégia da empresa. A revisão teórica é complementada pela apresentação da função preferência, que foi implementada na avaliação dos indicadores de desempenho e do atingimento de suas metas. A implantação do modelo de AGD foi contemplada através da execução de seis etapas: (i) Avaliação da estratégia da empresa; (ii) Levantamento dos processos e sub-processos críticos da empresa; (iii) Desenvolvimento e implementação de indicadores de desempenho; (iv) Identificação da importância dos processos e sub-processo, relacionando os mesmos com a estratégia da empresa, através do AHP; (v) Avaliação dos indicadores de desempenho com o uso da função preferência; (vi) Implementação da função de AGD. Ficaram evidentes os benefícios decorrentes da implantação do AGD, que gerou informações relevantes para a organização, além de possibilitar uma visão sistêmica dos processos internos da empresa. O modelo de AGD também permitiu criar uma sistemática de gerenciamento visual de suas atividades através de uma matriz de indicadores, bem como a implementação de um mapa de desempenho global, indicando o desempenho de cada processo da organização. / The organizational performance evaluation is part of the competitive companies’ management. A performance evaluation system must be capable to verify if the company reaches its strategical objectives, checking its processes performance and the goals achievement. In this context, this work presents the development and implantation of a Global Evaluation Performance (GEP) model in a laboratory services company, the Rede Metrológica RS. First it presents four performance measurement models that can be found in literature: Balanced Scorecard, Quantum model, Intellectual Capital model and the Hoshin Kanri model. In addition, a multicriterial analysis method, the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) is presented. This method was used to evaluate the company’s processes importance and also its influence and its impact in organization’s strategy. The literature review is complemented presenting the desirability function, that evaluates the performance pointers and its goals achievement. The GEP model implantation was developed through six different stages: (i) Company strategy evaluation; (ii) Survey of organization’s main processes and sub-processes; (iii) Performance pointers development and implementation; (iv) Processes and sub-process importance identification, relating them to the company’s strategy, using AHP; (v) Performance pointers evaluation, using the desirability function; (vi) GEP function implementation. The GEP implantation benefits were notable, because it came up with important information for the organization, besides making a global idea of the company’s processes. The GEP model also allowed creating a visual management of its activities through a pointers matrix, as well as the implementation of a global performance map, indicating organization’s process performance.

A descentralização das atividades do Estado na área de transportes, iniciada com o Programa Nacional de Desestatização, tem transferido à iniciativa privada a concessão de um número crescente de rodovias federais. A necessidade de fiscalizar a exploração da infra-estrutura rodoviária e de identificar as necessidades dos usuários de rodovias demanda a criação de um sistema de avaliação de desempenho para as concessões rodoviárias realizadas. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um modelo de avaliação de desempenho de rodovias federais sob concessão, traduzindo a visão de usuários e técnicos do sistema rodoviário federal. Para tal, foi utilizada uma metodologia tendo como ferramenta básica a Pesquisa de Marketing, seguida de uma abordagem matemática. Durante o desenvolvimento do modelo, efetuou-se a identificação e a hierarquização dos atributos de uma rodovia valorizados por técnicos e usuários, através de pesquisas qualitativas e quantitativas, sendo realizada uma análise comparativa entre as duas visões. Desta forma, o modelo desenvolvido apresenta uma visão mais ampla do desempenho das rodovias concedidas, uma vez que considera a opinião de usuários e técnicos na avaliação. Também observou-se algumas características dinâmicas na estrutura do modelo que permitem acompanhar uma possível evolução nas rodovias, na percepção e necessidade dos usuários ou mesmo na capacidade técnica de avaliação. O foco na avaliação de rodovias federais sob concessão sugere, como indicação futura para a continuidade deste trabalho, a generalização do modelo para avaliar os diversos tipos de rodovias existentes no país. / The break up of the State’s duties upon transportation area, started during the National Program of Privatization, has transferred an increasing number of federal roads to private sector. The need of inspection of road infrastructure as well as the identification of roads’ patron desires demand the elaboration of an evaluating system able to measure the performance of road concessions. This thesis intends to develop a performance evaluating system focused on federal roads under concessions based on patrons and federal highway system experts’ opinion. The proposed methodology is based on a Marketing Research followed by a mathematical analysis. Identification and ordering of patrons and experts’ attributes were performed through qualitative and quantitative researches, allowing a comparative analysis between both opinions. Therefore, the proposed model conducts to a deeper analysis of the performance of concessions, once it evaluates opinion of patrons and experts. The model also allows evaluations concerning roads evolution, patrons’ perception and even experts’ capacity of judgment. The upgrade of the proposed methodology is a suggestion for further research, considering the diversity of roads in the country.

Orientador: Shusaburo Motoyama / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T15:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_CarlosFieldede_M.pdf: 874818 bytes, checksum: 0a93b48880d342d34a7fa00fb9bbad46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Neste estudo são avaliados o desempenho e o impacto do tráfego de voz em uma rede IP. Na rede IP o sinal de voz é transmitido através de pacotes que são identificados por um conjunto de cabeçalhos. Cada pacote de voz tem a carga útil, composta por um quadro (frame) de voz, muito menor que a carga útil de um pacote de dados. Desta forma, a rede IP pode tornar-se pouco eficiente para transportar sinal de voz. Além disso, o serviço de voz requer também interatividade o que implica em realocar, através de mecanismos apropriados, os recursos da rede IP. Uma das técnicas que pode ser usada é a aplicação de política de priorização do tráfego de voz que em contrapartida pode degradar o desempenho de tráfego com prioridade menor. A previsão de tráfego de voz crescente na rede IP pode torná-la bastante ineficiente, além de degradar o desempenho do tráfego de dados. Para minimizar este problema o esquema de multiplexagem dos quadros de voz pode ser usado. Um modelo matemático é proposto neste estudo para analisar o impacto do tráfego do pacote de voz em uma rede IP. O estudo é conduzido considerando-se sem e com a aplicação de multiplexagem de quadros de voz nos pacotes de voz e o parâmetro de desempenho é o atraso de cada pacote na rede IP. Em seguida, um outro modelo mais complexo, com fontes de voz ON-OFF e de dados do tipo HTTP, é simulado no ambiente do MatLab/SimEvent para o mesmo cenário estudado no modelo analítico. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o comportamento da rede IP é similar tanto no modelo analítico como no modelo simulado e que a técnica de multiplexagem dos quadros de voz é um esquema eficiente para economizar a largura de banda de um enlace da rede IP. / Abstract: In this study, the performance and impact of voice traffic in an IP network are evaluated. In the IP network, the voice signal is transmitted through packets that are identified by a set of headers. Each voice packet has payload composed of one voice frame, which is smaller than the payload of data packet. In this way, the IP network may become ineffective to carry the voice signal. Furthermore, the voice service also requires interactivity which means the need for reallocation, through appropriate mechanisms, the resources of the IP network. One of the techniques may be used is through the adoption of voice traffic priority policy which on other hand it may degrade the performance of data traffic with lower priority. The expected fast growing of voice traffic in IP network can make it inefficient as well as to degrade the data traffic performance. To minimize this problem the voice stream multiplexing scheme can be used. A mathematical model is proposed in this study to examine the impact of voice packet traffic in an IP network. The study is carried out considering with and without the application of voice frame multiplexing and the performance parameter is the delay of each packet in the IP network. Then, a more complex model, with ONOFF voice sources and data sources of HTTP type, is simulated in MatLab/SimEvent environment for the same scenario used in analytical model. The obtained results showed that the IP network behavior is similar in both analytical and simulated models and that voice frame multiplexing technique is an efficient scheme to save the bandwidth of a link. / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Context. As the data world entered Web 2.0 era, there is loads of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data growing enormously. The structured data can be handled efficiently by SQL databases. But to handle unstructured and semi-structured data, NoSQL databases have been introduced. NoSQL databases can be broadly classified into four types – key-value, column-oriented, document-oriented and graph-oriented. MongoDB is one such NoSQL databases which comes under the category of document-oriented databases. The data in MongoDB is stored using storage engines. MongoDB currently uses two different storage engines– MMAPv1 and WiredTiger. Objectives. This study focuses on presenting a performance evaluation of two data storage engines, MMAPv1 and WiredTiger, emphasizing on certain metrics which will be obtained from the literature review. This thesis aims to show which storage engine is better while using different workloads. Methods. Literature study is done to obtain knowledge on performance evaluation of MongoDB database comparing with other SQL and NoSQL databases. YCSB benchmarking tool has been chosen to evaluate the performance of the storage engines. Later, to show which storage engine is better on different workloads, penalties have been calculated. Results. The literature search resulted in obtaining four metrics – Execution time, Throughput, CPU Utilization and Memory Utilization as the metrics which best comply with presenting the evaluation of two storage engines, MMAPv1 and WiredTiger. The experiment resulted in generation of penalties that indicate which storage engine is better than the other and in which scenarios. Conclusions. MMAPv1 shows better performance when the workloads are Read favorable. On the other hand, WiredTiger shows better performance when the workloads are Write favorable and also when the workloads are neutral (equal amounts of reads and writes).

Performance evaluation of Globe’s location service is becoming necessary in order to help steer development in the right direction. In this paper I put the current implementation of the location service to work and design and setup a number of tests with input data from a mobile phone environment provided by the Stanford University Mobile Activity Traces (SUMATRA). It turns out that the implementation is not ready for performance evaluation of this scale after all, and that no performance evaluation can be done with SUMATRA since too many inconsistencies are to be found in that data.

Context. There have been a lot of progress made in the field of pathfinding. One of the most used algorithms is A*, which over the years has had a lot of variations. There have been a number of papers written about the variations of A* and in what way they specifically improve A*. However, few papers have been written comparing A* with several different variations of A*. Objectives. The objectives of this thesis is to find how Dijkstra's algorithm, IDA*, Theta* and HPA* compare against A* based on the variables computation time, number of opened nodes, path length as well as number of path nodes. Methods. To find the answers to the question in Objectives, an experiment was set up where all the algorithms were implemented and tested over a number of maps with varying attributes. Results. The experimental data is compiled in a table showing the result of the tested algorithms for computation time, number of opened nodes, path length and number of path nodes over a number of different maps as well as the average performance over all maps. Conclusions. A* is shown to perform well overall, with Dijkstra's algorithm trailing shortly behind in computation time and expanded nodes. Theta* finds the best path, with overall good computation time marred by a few spikes on large, open maps. HPA* performs poorly overall when fully computed, but has by far the best computation time and node expansion when partially pre-computed. IDA* finds the same paths as A* and Dijkstra's algorithm but has a notably worse computation time than the other algorithms and should generally be avoided on octile grid maps.