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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Design and performance evaluation of a magnetically geared axial-flux permanent magnet generator

Bronn, Lodewyk 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is a description of how the first magnetically geared axial flux permanent magnet generator (MGAFG) is designed, constructed and experimentally evaluated. Magnetic gears (MGs) allow for contact-less power transfer and lubricant free operation, which may solve the reliability concerns with current mechanically geared wind energy converters. However, the complex structure of MGs may present serious challenges to its design. Thus, special care should be given to the mechanical layout and the electromagnetic influence of every component. The MGAFG can be configured to be magnetically coupled or decoupled. In the coupled configuration the permanent magnets (PMs) of the MG contribute to the total flux linkage in the PM generator (PMG). The coupled configuration is therefore more efficient. The processing time required to optimise the decoupled configuration is however much faster, since the MG and the PMG can be optimised separately. The optimised results show that a torque density in excess of 100kNm/m3 could be achieved, which is significantly higher than any of known electrical machines. However, owing to excessive losses in the mechanical support structures, the prototype exhibited lower torque density and poor efficiency. The design related aspects and issues are analysed and discussed in detail in an attempt to outline problem areas in the design process. Relevant recommendations are also given for future design improvements. The costs of magnetic material accounts for over fifty percent of the total cost of the prototype. Therefore to make the manufacturing of the MGAFG more economically viable magnetic material should be minimised in the design process. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word die eerste magnetiese geratte aksiale vloed permanente magneet generator (MGAVG) ontwerp, vervaardig en eksperimenteel geëvalueer. In magnetiese ratte (MR) is daar geen kontak tussen werkende dele nie, daarom word geen smeermiddels benodig nie. Dit dra by tot die betroubaarheid van die ratkaste in wind energie generators en kan onderhoud grotendeels uitskakel. Die komplekse struktuur van magnetiese ratte kan egter die betroubaarheid van die ontwerp juis verswak. Daarom moet die meganiese uitleg noukeurig beplan word sodat dit nie die elektromagnetiese werking ondermyn nie. Die magnetiese rat (MR) en die permanente magneet generator (PMG) van die masjien kan magneties of sonder magnetiese koppeling verbind word. In die gekoppelde konfigurasie dra all die permanente magnete van die MR gesamentlik by tot die totale vloed-koppeling in die PMG. Wat die magnetiese gekoppelde konfigurasie meer doeltrefend maak. Minder tyd word benodig om die nie magnetiese gekoppelde konfigurasie te optimaliseer omdat die MR en die PMG apart geoptimaliseer kan word. Die optimale resultate toon dat ’n wringkrag van meer as 100kNm/3 bereik kan word, wat aansienlik beter is as die van bekende elektriese masjiene. Maar as gevolg van oormatige verliese in die meganiese strukture, toon die prototipe lae wringkrag digtheid en swak doeltreffendheid. Die ontwerp probleme word ontleed en bespreek in ’n poging om probleem areas in die ontwerp te identifiseer. Relevante aanbevelings word gegee vir toekomstige ontwerp verbeterings. Die koste van die magnetiese material verteenwoordig meer as vyftig persent van die vervaardigings koste van die prototipe. Koste kan bespaar word op die vervaardiging van die MGAVG deur die hoeveelheid magnete wat gebruik word te beperk.
2

Métodos para determinação de parâmetros de máquinas síncronas de ímãs permanentes

Homrich, Guilherme January 2016 (has links)
A teoria de duplo eixo é geralmente utilizada para modelar e caracterizar máquinas síncronas de polos salientes. O conhecimento das indutâncias de eixo direto e eixo em quadratura são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento destes modelos e para o projeto de controladores destas máquinas. No entanto, métodos tradicionais para determinação destas indutâncias através de ensaios tornam-se impraticáveis em máquinas síncronas de ímãs permanentes pela impossibilidade de controlar a corrente de campo. Recentemente, a IEEE publicou o Std. 1812, chamado Trial-Use Guide for Testing Permanent Magnet Machines, que pode servir de guia para obtenção da reatância de eixo direto Xd. Esta norma não sugere formas de determinar a reatância de eixo em quadratura Xq, mas existem diferentes métodos para calcular este parâmetro a partir de dados coletados em testes, geralmente envolvendo medição de ângulo de carga. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor e analisar dois métodos alternativos para determinar as reatâncias do modelo de duplo eixo através de ensaios aplicados a um gerador síncrono de ímãs permanentes (GSIP) de 1,5 kW. O primeiro é baseado em predição de ângulo de carga e o segundo é baseado em medição de ângulo de carga. O primeiro combina ensaios a vazio e de curto circuito com análise do diagrama fasorial para descrever o ângulo de carga como função de grandezas elétricas facilmente mensuráveis. O segundo propõe um método de medição de ângulo de carga com auxílio de um encoder incremental. Resultados comprovam que é possível determinar indutâncias do modelo de duplo eixo com as equações desenvolvidas desde que o conteúdo harmônico não seja elevado. / A teoria de duplo eixo é geralmente utilizada para modelar e caracterizar máquinas síncronas de polos salientes. O conhecimento das indutâncias de eixo direto e eixo em quadratura são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento destes modelos e para o projeto de controladores destas máquinas. No entanto, métodos tradicionais para determinação destas indutâncias através de ensaios tornam-se impraticáveis em máquinas síncronas de ímãs permanentes pela impossibilidade de controlar a corrente de campo. Recentemente, a IEEE publicou o Std. 1812, chamado Trial-Use Guide for Testing Permanent Magnet Machines, que pode servir de guia para obtenção da reatância de eixo direto Xd. Esta norma não sugere formas de determinar a reatância de eixo em quadratura Xq, mas existem diferentes métodos para calcular este parâmetro a partir de dados coletados em testes, geralmente envolvendo medição de ângulo de carga. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor e analisar dois métodos alternativos para determinar as reatâncias do modelo de duplo eixo através de ensaios aplicados a um gerador síncrono de ímãs permanentes (GSIP) de 1,5 kW. O primeiro é baseado em predição de ângulo de carga e o segundo é baseado em medição de ângulo de carga. O primeiro combina ensaios a vazio e de curto circuito com análise do diagrama fasorial para descrever o ângulo de carga como função de grandezas elétricas facilmente mensuráveis. O segundo propõe um método de medição de ângulo de carga com auxílio de um encoder incremental. Resultados comprovam que é possível determinar indutâncias do modelo de duplo eixo com as equações desenvolvidas desde que o conteúdo harmônico não seja elevado.
3

Hydro-Kinetic Energy Conversion : Resource and Technology

Grabbe, Mårten January 2013 (has links)
The kinetic energy present in tidal currents and other water courses has long been appreciated as a vast resource of renewable energy. The work presented in this doctoral thesis is devoted to both the characteristics of the hydro-kinetic resource and the technology for energy conversion. An assessment of the tidal energy resource in Norwegian waters has been carried out based on available data in pilot books. More than 100 sites have been identified as interesting with a total estimated theoretical resource—i.e. the kinetic energy in the undisturbed flow—in the range of 17 TWh. A second study was performed to analyse the velocity distributions presented by tidal currents, regulated rivers and unregulated rivers. The focus is on the possible degree of utilization (or capacity factor), the fraction of converted energy and the ratio of maximum to rated velocity, all of which are believed to be important characteristics of the resource affecting the economic viability of a hydro-kinetic energy converter. The concept for hydro-kinetic energy conversion studied in this thesis comprises a vertical axis turbine coupled to a directly driven permanent magnet generator. One such cable wound laboratory generator has been constructed and an experimental setup for deployment in the river Dalälven has been finalized as part of this thesis work. It has been shown, through simulations and experiments, that the generator design at hand can meet the system requirements in the expected range of operation. Experience from winding the prototype generators suggests that improvements of the stator slot geometry can be implemented and, according to simulations, decrease the stator weight by 11% and decrease the load angle by 17%. The decrease in load angle opens the possibility to reduce the amount of permanent magnetic material in the design.
4

Métodos para determinação de parâmetros de máquinas síncronas de ímãs permanentes

Homrich, Guilherme January 2016 (has links)
A teoria de duplo eixo é geralmente utilizada para modelar e caracterizar máquinas síncronas de polos salientes. O conhecimento das indutâncias de eixo direto e eixo em quadratura são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento destes modelos e para o projeto de controladores destas máquinas. No entanto, métodos tradicionais para determinação destas indutâncias através de ensaios tornam-se impraticáveis em máquinas síncronas de ímãs permanentes pela impossibilidade de controlar a corrente de campo. Recentemente, a IEEE publicou o Std. 1812, chamado Trial-Use Guide for Testing Permanent Magnet Machines, que pode servir de guia para obtenção da reatância de eixo direto Xd. Esta norma não sugere formas de determinar a reatância de eixo em quadratura Xq, mas existem diferentes métodos para calcular este parâmetro a partir de dados coletados em testes, geralmente envolvendo medição de ângulo de carga. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor e analisar dois métodos alternativos para determinar as reatâncias do modelo de duplo eixo através de ensaios aplicados a um gerador síncrono de ímãs permanentes (GSIP) de 1,5 kW. O primeiro é baseado em predição de ângulo de carga e o segundo é baseado em medição de ângulo de carga. O primeiro combina ensaios a vazio e de curto circuito com análise do diagrama fasorial para descrever o ângulo de carga como função de grandezas elétricas facilmente mensuráveis. O segundo propõe um método de medição de ângulo de carga com auxílio de um encoder incremental. Resultados comprovam que é possível determinar indutâncias do modelo de duplo eixo com as equações desenvolvidas desde que o conteúdo harmônico não seja elevado. / A teoria de duplo eixo é geralmente utilizada para modelar e caracterizar máquinas síncronas de polos salientes. O conhecimento das indutâncias de eixo direto e eixo em quadratura são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento destes modelos e para o projeto de controladores destas máquinas. No entanto, métodos tradicionais para determinação destas indutâncias através de ensaios tornam-se impraticáveis em máquinas síncronas de ímãs permanentes pela impossibilidade de controlar a corrente de campo. Recentemente, a IEEE publicou o Std. 1812, chamado Trial-Use Guide for Testing Permanent Magnet Machines, que pode servir de guia para obtenção da reatância de eixo direto Xd. Esta norma não sugere formas de determinar a reatância de eixo em quadratura Xq, mas existem diferentes métodos para calcular este parâmetro a partir de dados coletados em testes, geralmente envolvendo medição de ângulo de carga. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor e analisar dois métodos alternativos para determinar as reatâncias do modelo de duplo eixo através de ensaios aplicados a um gerador síncrono de ímãs permanentes (GSIP) de 1,5 kW. O primeiro é baseado em predição de ângulo de carga e o segundo é baseado em medição de ângulo de carga. O primeiro combina ensaios a vazio e de curto circuito com análise do diagrama fasorial para descrever o ângulo de carga como função de grandezas elétricas facilmente mensuráveis. O segundo propõe um método de medição de ângulo de carga com auxílio de um encoder incremental. Resultados comprovam que é possível determinar indutâncias do modelo de duplo eixo com as equações desenvolvidas desde que o conteúdo harmônico não seja elevado.
5

Métodos para determinação de parâmetros de máquinas síncronas de ímãs permanentes

Homrich, Guilherme January 2016 (has links)
A teoria de duplo eixo é geralmente utilizada para modelar e caracterizar máquinas síncronas de polos salientes. O conhecimento das indutâncias de eixo direto e eixo em quadratura são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento destes modelos e para o projeto de controladores destas máquinas. No entanto, métodos tradicionais para determinação destas indutâncias através de ensaios tornam-se impraticáveis em máquinas síncronas de ímãs permanentes pela impossibilidade de controlar a corrente de campo. Recentemente, a IEEE publicou o Std. 1812, chamado Trial-Use Guide for Testing Permanent Magnet Machines, que pode servir de guia para obtenção da reatância de eixo direto Xd. Esta norma não sugere formas de determinar a reatância de eixo em quadratura Xq, mas existem diferentes métodos para calcular este parâmetro a partir de dados coletados em testes, geralmente envolvendo medição de ângulo de carga. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor e analisar dois métodos alternativos para determinar as reatâncias do modelo de duplo eixo através de ensaios aplicados a um gerador síncrono de ímãs permanentes (GSIP) de 1,5 kW. O primeiro é baseado em predição de ângulo de carga e o segundo é baseado em medição de ângulo de carga. O primeiro combina ensaios a vazio e de curto circuito com análise do diagrama fasorial para descrever o ângulo de carga como função de grandezas elétricas facilmente mensuráveis. O segundo propõe um método de medição de ângulo de carga com auxílio de um encoder incremental. Resultados comprovam que é possível determinar indutâncias do modelo de duplo eixo com as equações desenvolvidas desde que o conteúdo harmônico não seja elevado. / A teoria de duplo eixo é geralmente utilizada para modelar e caracterizar máquinas síncronas de polos salientes. O conhecimento das indutâncias de eixo direto e eixo em quadratura são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento destes modelos e para o projeto de controladores destas máquinas. No entanto, métodos tradicionais para determinação destas indutâncias através de ensaios tornam-se impraticáveis em máquinas síncronas de ímãs permanentes pela impossibilidade de controlar a corrente de campo. Recentemente, a IEEE publicou o Std. 1812, chamado Trial-Use Guide for Testing Permanent Magnet Machines, que pode servir de guia para obtenção da reatância de eixo direto Xd. Esta norma não sugere formas de determinar a reatância de eixo em quadratura Xq, mas existem diferentes métodos para calcular este parâmetro a partir de dados coletados em testes, geralmente envolvendo medição de ângulo de carga. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor e analisar dois métodos alternativos para determinar as reatâncias do modelo de duplo eixo através de ensaios aplicados a um gerador síncrono de ímãs permanentes (GSIP) de 1,5 kW. O primeiro é baseado em predição de ângulo de carga e o segundo é baseado em medição de ângulo de carga. O primeiro combina ensaios a vazio e de curto circuito com análise do diagrama fasorial para descrever o ângulo de carga como função de grandezas elétricas facilmente mensuráveis. O segundo propõe um método de medição de ângulo de carga com auxílio de um encoder incremental. Resultados comprovam que é possível determinar indutâncias do modelo de duplo eixo com as equações desenvolvidas desde que o conteúdo harmônico não seja elevado.
6

A Generalized Inverter Control Method for a Variable Speed Wind Power System Under Unbalanced Operting Conditions

Wu, Shuang 04 June 2010 (has links)
No description available.
7

An investigation into the grid compliance of the slip synchronous permanent magnet wind generator

Spies, Andries Theodorus 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The slip synchronous permanent magnet generator (SSG) is a direct-driven direct-grid connected generator developed to alleviate the need for expensive gearboxes and solid-state power converters on wind turbine generators. This study identifies certain key areas where the current wind turbine generator (WTG) system does not comply with the grid code for wind energy facilities (WEF) as specified by the National Energy Regulator of South Africa. The current WTG system does not have a reactive power compensation device. The main focus in this study is the development of an on-load tap changer (OLTC) transformer to control the terminal voltage of the generator. By controlling the terminal voltage of the generator the excitation-mode of the SSG can be changed allowing for control over the reactive power output of the SSG. An OLTC transformer utilising a solid-state assisted mechanical diverter circuit is built and tested to determine the viability of using an OLTC as a reactive power control device. Practical test results show that the OLTC can successfully control the terminal voltage of the SSG without interrupting the load current. The required accuracy regarding power factor control capability was not met due to the large change in reactive power output per tap change operation. A method of using small shunt capacitor banks to provide additional reactive power in between consecutive tap changes is evaluated in simulation. Simulation results show that the addition of these small shunt capacitor banks dramatically improves the reactive power control accuracy. Additionally the grid code specifies that a WEF must have the ability to curtail the active power output during frequency disturbances. The effects of frequency disturbances on the SSG output is simulated and it was found that the SSG will comply with the minimum connection requirements as specified in the grid code. A method of using an IGBT switched DC load to limit the active power output of the WEF is developed and simulated. From the simulation results it was found that the proposed active power curtailment device will meet the minimum power curtailment response time requirements as specified in the grid code. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die glip sinchroon permanente magneet generator (SSG) is ʼn direkte dryf, direkte netwerk gekoppelde wind generator wat ontwikkel is om behoefte aan duur ratkaste en drywing elektroniese omsetters te verlig. Hierdie studie identifiseer sekere sleutel areas waar die huidige wind generator opstelling nie aan die netwerk kode spesifikasie soos uiteengesit deur die Nasionale Energie Reguleerder van Suid-Afrika voldoen nie. Die wind turbine generator stelsel beskik nie oor ʼn reaktiewe drywing beheer meganisme nie. Die belangrikste fokus in hierdie studie is die ontwikkeling van ʼn transformator tap wisselaar wat gebruik sal word om die generator se terminale spanning te beheer. Deur die terminaal spanning te beheer kan die opwekking modus van die generator verander word om dan die uittree reaktiewe drywing te beheer. ʼn Tap wisselaar wat gebruik maak van ʼn drywingelektronies gesteunde meganiese skakelaar is ontwikkel en getoets om die lewensvatbaarheid van die tegniek te ondersoek. Praktiese toets resultate toon dat die tap wisselaar suksesvol beheer oor die generator se terminaal spanning kon uitvoer, sonder om die las-stroom te onderbreuk. Ongelukkig is die vereiste akkuraatheid ten opsigte van die reaktiewe drywing beheer nie gehaal nie. Die rede hiervoor is dat die verandering in uittree reaktiewe drywing baie groot is vir opeenvolgende tap verstellings. ʼn Metode waar twee klein kapasitor banke geskakel word om reaktiewe drywing te lewer, tussen opeenvolgende tap veranderinge, is deur middel van simulasie ondersoek. Die simulasie resultate toon aan dat die toevoeging van die kapasitors ʼn drastiese verbetering in die beheerbaarheid van die uittree reaktiewe drywing het. Verder spesifiseer die netwerk kode ook dat ʼn wind plaas oor die vermoë moet beskik om die aktiewe drywing te verminder tydens ʼn netwerk frekwensie versteuring. Die effek wat ʼn frekwensie versteuring op die SSG het, is deur middel van simulasie ondersoek en daar is gevind dat die SSG aan die netwerk verbinding spesifikasie sal voldoen. ʼn Metode waarby ʼn IGBT geskakelde GS las gebruik word om die aktiewe drywing van die wind generator te beperk is ondersoek en gesimuleer. Vanaf die simulasie resultate is daar gevind dat die drywing beperkings toestel aan die minimum drywing en reaksie tyd spesifikasies soos vereis sal voldoen.
8

Direct grid connection and low voltage ride-through for a slip synchronous-permanent magnet wind turbine generator

Hoffmann, Ulwin 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The slip synchronous-permanent magnet generator (SS-PMG) is a direct-driven, direct-to-grid generator for wind turbine applications. This investigation focuses on achieving automated grid connection and low voltage ride-through for a small-scale SS-PMG. To reduce cost and complexity, components such as blade pitch controllers and frequency converters are avoided. Instead, electromagnetic braking is employed to control turbine speed prior to grid synchronisation and compensation resistances are used to facilitate grid fault ride-through. The conditions under which the SS-PMG can be successfully synchronised with the grid are determined, indicating a need for speed control. An evaluation of electromagnetic braking strategies reveals that satisfactory speed control performance can be achieved when employing back-to-back thyristors to switch in the braking load. Simulations show that controlled synchronisation can be executed successfully under turbulent wind conditions. All controllable parameters are held within safe limits, but the SS-PMG terminal voltage drop is higher than desired. Compensation is developed to allow the SS-PMG to ride through the voltage dip profile specified by the Irish distribution code. It is found that a combination of series and shunt resistances is necessary to shield the SS-PMG from the voltage dip, while balancing active power transfer. The flexibility offered by thyristor switching of the shunt braking load is instrumental in coping with turbulent wind conditions and unbalanced dips. The South African voltage dip profile is also managed with conditional success. Following on from the theoretical design, the grid connection controller is implemented for practical testing purposes. Protection functions are developed to ensure safe operation under various contingencies. Before testing, problems with the operation of the thyristors are overcome. Practical testing shows that grid synchronisation can be undertaken safely by obeying the theoretically determined conditions. The speed control mechanism is also shown to achieve acceptable dynamic performance. Finally, the SS-PMG is incorporated into a functioning wind turbine system and automated grid connection is demonstrated under turbulent wind conditions. Future investigations may be focused on optimal control strategies, alternative solid-state switching schemes, and reactive power control. Low voltage ride-through should also be optimised for the South African dip profile and validated experimentally. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die glip-sinchroon permanente magneet generator (GS-PMG) is ‘n direkte dryf, direkte netwerkgekoppelde generator vir windturbine toepassings. Hierdie ondersoek fokus op die bereiking van ’n ge-outomatiseerde netwerkkoppeling en lae spanning deurry vir ‘n kleinskaalse GS-PMG. Om kostes en kompleksiteit te verminder, word komponente soos lemsteekbeheerders en frekwensie-omsetters vermy. In plaas daarvan word elektromagnetiese remwerking gebruik om die turbine spoed, voorgaande net-werksinchronisasie, te beheer, en word kompensasieweerstande gebruik om netwerkfoutdeurry te handhaaf. Die omstandighede waaronder die GS-PMG suksesvol met die netwerk gesinchroniseer kan word, is vasgestel en dit het die behoefte aan spoedbeheer uitgewys. ‘n Evaluering van elektromagnetiese remstrategië wys uit dat ’n bevredigende spoedbeheervermoë verkry kan word as anti-parallelle tiristors gebruik word om die remlas te skakel. Simulasies wys dat beheerde netwerksinchronisasie suksesvol uitgevoer kan word, selfs onder turbulente windtoestande. Alle beheerbare parameters is binne veilige perke gehou, maar die GS-PMG se klemspanningsval is gevind as hoë as verwag. Kompensasie is ontwikkel om die GS-PMG toe te laat om deur die spanningsvalprofiel, soos gespesifieer deur die Ierse distribusiekode, te ry. Dit is gevind dat ‘n kombinasie van serie- en parallelle weerstande nodig is om die GS-PMG teen die spanningsval te beskerm, terwyl aktiewe drywingsoordrag gebalanseer word. Die buigbaarheid wat verkry word met die tiristorskakeling van die parallele weerstand is noodsaaklik in die hanteering van turbulente windtoestande en ongebalanseerde spanningsvalle. Die Suid-Afrikaanse spanningsvalprofiel is ook met voorwaardelike sukses hanteer. In opvolg van die teoretiese ontwerp is die netwerkkoppelingsbeheerder vir praktiese toetsdoeleindes in werking gestel. Beskermingsfunksies is ontwikkel om veilige werking onder verskeie gebeurlikhede te verseker. Die probleme met die werking van die tiristors is oorkom voor die aanvang van die toetse. Die praktiese toetse bewys dat netwerksinchronisasie veilig gedoen kan word deur die teoretiese bepaalde voorwaardes te volg. Dit is ook getoon dat met die spoedbeheermeganisme aanvaarbare dinamiese gedrag verkry kan word. Ten laaste is die GS-PMG in ‘n werkende windturbinestelsel geïnkorporeer en outomatiese netwerkkoppeling is onder turbulente windtoestande gedemonstreer. Toekomstige ondersoeke kan toegespits word op optimale beheerstrategië, alternatiewe vaste toestand skakelingskemas en reaktiewe drywingsbeheer. Lae spanning deurry moet nog vir die Suid- Afrikaanse spanningsprofiel ge-optimeer en eksperimenteel bevestig word.
9

Electro-mechanical modelling of tidal arrays

Sousounis, Marios Charilaos January 2018 (has links)
The aim of this study is to present, compare and improve the options of power transmission for tidal current arrays. The potential to generate low or zero carbon power from the world’s tides is increasing as technology moves forward. The technically available tidal current energy resource, the resource that can be captured using existing technology, in the United Kingdom can supply a significant amount of the UK electricity demand. Even though tidal current devices have similarities to offshore wind turbines in many aspects, a number of characteristics differentiate the approach needed regarding power transmission and drive-train design. Some of these characteristics are: predictable direction and speed of the tidal current, predetermined available area in a tidal channel, less swept area due higher density of water, continuous underwater operation and smaller distances to shore. This thesis is based on the hypothesis that tidal current energy can be harnessed using today’s technology in an efficient manner. Technology progression never stops and as new materials and methods become available the cost of utilising tidal current energy will drop in the years to come. However, the research question that has to be asked is whether using today’s technology tidal arrays can be an alternative source of electrical power. In order to respond to this research question electromechanical models of tidal current devices have been developed in detail, from resource to the grid connection, using mathematical linear and non-linear programming in MATLAB/Simulink. The tidal models developed include the tidal resource, the tidal turbine with pitch control, geared induction and synchronous generators, the power electronics with the generator controller, the grid side controller, the cables for power transmission, the filters and the grid connection. All the modelling aspects of this study are presented in Chapter 3. Single tidal current devices were compared using different generator technologies, squirrel cage induction generator or permanent magnet synchronous generator, and different location of the power converters, in the nacelle near the generator or many kilometres apart from the generator. Regarding the generator technology, results showed that even though differences are minor, the permanent magnet synchronous generators are more efficient. Regarding the location of the power converters results showed that positioning the power converters in the nacelle always yields fewer electrical losses but component accessibility is minimised due to the underwater operation of the tidal current device. A key focus aspect of the study is the power transmission option with onshore converters which is presented in detail. Using this concept it is possible to generate electricity from tidal current devices but at the same time keep the highest possible system reliability despite the continuous underwater operation. This concept has been used in the first demonstration tidal current arrays developed by Andritz Hydro Hammerfest. What is more, data provided by Andritz Hydro Hammerfest were utilised in order to validate the simulation models. In this study a step forward is taken regarding the concept of keeping the converter dry and controlling the tidal current generator from afar. An algorithm is developed to design power harmonic filters for systems that use long distance controls. Power harmonic filters allow the long distance control system to operate reliably under all conditions but generate significant electrical losses. The power harmonic filter design algorithm presented in this thesis estimates the exact filter parameters so that the filter ensures maximum system reliability and generate minimum possible losses. In addition tidal array topologies using this concept are developed. The final part of this thesis compares a number of different tidal array topologies based on resource to grid efficiency and component accessibility for maintenance. Results showed that when tidal current devices are clustered per four turbines on offshore platforms it is efficient to use as many clusters as possible connected to a single cable whose both ends are connected to the grid. Locating the power converters in the nacelle yields fewer electrical losses compared to locating the power converters on the offshore platform. However, the difference is minimised because the distance between the tidal current device and the offshore platform is the least possible. Having the power converters on an offshore platform is beneficial in terms of accessibility for maintenance and operation because they are not underwater. The results and the methodology from this thesis can be extended to other offshore renewable energy systems such as the wind and wave. In addition, this study can be used as a stepping stone for decision making by tidal current developers.
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Estudo e comparação de sistemas de geração eólica utilizando DFIG e PMSG / Study and comparation of wind energy systems using DFIG and PMSG

Corrêa, André da Silva 20 February 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:38:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre da Silva Correa.pdf: 3150015 bytes, checksum: 8df17c41e03f4cea1d464cb6c5d5b970 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Given the increased contribution of wind farms under complementarity the generating units of electricity derived from petroleum, thermoelectric or hydroelectric energy matrix constituents of countries around the world, this dissertation investigates the advantages and disadvantages between the two main topologies currently used by rogue wind generation. Comparisons between the Doubly Fed Induction Generator and Permanent Magnet Generator are developed in order to establish the different dynamic behavior of each type of wind unit. The constituent parts of wind turbines are studied, performed the modeling and usual control methods are discussed. The simulations were performed in a computer program Matlab / Simulink® whose control models were developed according to the literature, as well as the respective block diagrams for each model. / Diante do crescimento da contribuição dos parques eólicos em regime de complementaridade às unidades geradoras de energia elétrica derivadas de petróleo, termoelétricas ou hidroelétricas constituintes da matriz energética de países espalhados pelo mundo, a presente dissertação de mestrado investiga as vantagens e desvantagens entre as duas principais topologias utilizadas atualmente para geração eólica. São estabelecidas comparações entre o Gerador de Indução Duplamente Alimentado e o Gerador de Ímãs Permanentes, a fim de se estabelecer os diferentes comportamentos dinâmicos de cada tipo de unidade eólica. São estudadas as partes constituintes de aerogeradores, realizadas as modelagens e discutidos os métodos de controle usuais. As simulações foram realizadas em programa computacional Matlab/Simulink®, cujos modelos de controle foram desenvolvidos de acordo com a literatura, assim como os respectivos diagramas de bloco para cada modelo.

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