This thesis deals with the modelling, simulation and control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM) used specially in electric and hybrid vehicles. With the availability of fast semiconductor switches and high speed processors, Vector controlled drives are gaining popularity. One disadvantage of this type of control however, is the need for high cost, high resolution sensors (encoders) for determining the rotor position. Position sensorless schemes have evolved over a decade and this thesis addresses this issue. Two schemes have been proposed for the elimination of encoders in vector controlled drives. One is a semi-sensored scheme wherein a combination of low cost hall sensors and a digital position estimator gives the position information. In the second scheme, a reduced order observer called Luenbuerger observer has been used to estimate speed and rotor angle. The problem of finding rotor angle at standstill has also been dealt with. This thesis also discusses the difference in simulating a BLDC (Brushless DC) and PMSM machine. An experimental set-up consisting of MOSFET inverter and TMS320LF2407 DSP based digital controller was developed in the laboratory to implement the control algorithms. Two PMSM machines were procured from a two-wheeler manufacturer to set up the rig. Simulations were done in MATLAB/ Simulink (Off-line) and Xilinx XC3S400 (in real-time) to verify the concepts. Simulation and experimental results are finally compared.

Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur la méthodologie de conception des Machines Synchrones à Aimants Permanents (MSAP) avec pour application le véhicule électrique. Dans une première partie, nous avons abordé du contexte de l'étude et de la problématique du dimensionnement. A l'occasion, nous avons montré qu'il est nécessaire d'adopter une méthodologie de design appropriée en fonction de l'avancement de chaque projet dans le cadre du processus de conception. Nous avons alors proposé différents niveaux de modélisation afin de repérer la machine optimale face au cahier des charges pour ensuite la caractériser plus finement et l'optimiser. La seconde partie du rapport traite donc de la modélisation et de l'optimisation de la MSAP. En premier lieu, un modèle analytique permet d'évaluer les performances globales des centaines de machines très rapidement. Ce premier calcul permet de sélectionner les meilleures machines à l'application pour ensuite les optimiser. Puis, le second niveau de modélisation se base sur les réseaux de réluctances. Ce niveau plus fin permet d'une part de retrouver les performances affinées des MSAP et également de procéder à l'optimisation. Enfin, la dernière partie du rapport est consacrée à l'optimisation de la MSAP en vue d'améliorer grandement les performances et de satisfaire au mieux au cahier des charges. / The works of this thesis concern the design methodology of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) for an electric vehicle application. The first part of this report introduces the context of the study and the problem of design. Then, we have shown that it is necessary to adopt an appropriate design methodology based on the progress of each project in the design process. Thus, we proposed different levels of modeling to identify the optimal machine against the specifications, and then characterize it more finely and optimize. The second part of the report deals with the modeling and optimization of the PMSM. First, an analytical model is employed to evaluate the overall performance of hundreds of machines very quickly. The first calculation is used to select the best machine for the application and then optimize them. Then, the second level of modeling is based on reluctance networks. This model allows finer resolution of the PMSM and also permits to perform optimization. The last part of the report is devoted to the optimization of the PMSM in order to greatly improve performances and meet the specifications.

Cette Thèse présente une méthodologie pour la conception optimale multidisciplinaire des générateurs synchrones à aimants permanents appliqués à l'énergie éolienne. Telle méthodologie prend en compte les comportements électriques, géométriques, thermiques, électroniques, mécaniques et économiques de l'éolienne. La courbe d'occurrence du vent, modélisée par une fonction de densité statistique, est également prise en compte par la méthodologie de conception proposée. Considérer cette courbe dans la conception optimale permet de calculer la quantité d'énergie produite par l'éolienne, qui fonctionne sous vitesse et puissance variables par l'influence de la vitesse du vent. La proposition d'utiliser l'optimisation dans la conception est d'améliorer la compétitivité de l'énergie éolienne en concevant un générateur avec une bonne relation entre son coût et sa capacité de produire de l'énergie. Plusieurs études portent sur la conception optimale des machines électriques liées à l'énergie éolienne, mais peu ont présenté une méthode permettant d'estimer la production d'énergie éolienne, ce qui est obligatoire pour obtenir un générateur rentable. De plus, les aspects multidisciplinaires approfondis du générateur électrique ont été considérés par la méthode proposée plus en détail que d'autres études trouvées dans la littérature. Prendre en compte tous ces aspects entraîne un grand problème d'optimisation qui compte environ 2000 variables, dont environ 250 ont des contraintes imposées. Un algorithme d'optimisation déterministe a été choisi pour traiter ce problème. Un tel algorithme est capable de trouver la solution en quelques itérations et un court laps de temps grâce au calcul de la matrice jacobienne, contenant les gradients exacts du modèle (utilisé pour décrire le comportement de l'éolienne). Les résultats présentés explorent le potentiel méthodologique proposé. La première conception optimale réalisée minimise le coût du matériau actif du générateur, ce qui présente une réduction significative des coûts par rapport à un générateur non optimal. Ensuite, la contradiction entre le coût du générateur et son efficacité est analysée et l'importance d'inclure la production d'énergie éolienne dans la conception du générateur devient évidente. En utilisant l'énergie éolienne estimée générée par l'éolienne, le générateur avec un bénéfice net maximal (égal au produit de l'énergie éolienne moins le coût du générateur) a été obtenu. Ce générateur a un bon rapport entre son coût et sa capacité de produire de l'énergie. Ensuite, des analyses de sensibilité ont été effectuées pour vérifier comment le prix de l'électricité et la vitesse moyenne annuelle du vent influencent la conception. Enfin, deux éoliennes de différents diamètres et différents vitesses nominales du vent ont été utilisées, compte tenu de trois profils de vent distincts. Ces résultats fournissent les générateurs plus adaptés à chaque éolienne appliquée à chaque profil de vent, montrant que la méthodologie de conception proposée a la capacité de faciliter le choix de l'éolienne adéquate à chaque parc éolien. / This Ph.D. dissertation presents a multidisciplinary optimum design methodology to permanent magnet synchronous generators applied to wind power. Such a methodology considers the electrical, the geometrical, the thermal, the electronic, the mechanical and the economical behaviors of the wind turbine. The wind occurrence curve, modelled by a statistical density function, is also take into account by the proposed design methodology. Considering this curve in the optimal design allows to calculate the amount of energy produced by the wind turbine, which operates under variable speed and power by the influence of the actual wind speed. The proposal of using the optimization in the design is to enhances the competitiveness of wind power by designing a generator with a good relation between its cost and its capacity to generate energy. Several studies are addressed to electrical machines optimum design related to wind power, however, few have presented a method able to estimate the wind turbine energy generation, which is mandatory to obtain a cost-effective generator. Further, the electric generator in-depth multidisciplinary aspects have been considered by the proposed method in more detail than other studies found in literature. Take into consideration all these aspects results in a large optimization problem that has approximately 2000 variables, among which approximately 250 have constraints imposed on. A deterministic optimization algorithm has been chosen to deal with this problem. Such an algorithm is capable of finding the solution within few iterations and a short time thanks to the computation of the Jacobean matrix, containing the exact gradients of the model (used to describe the wind turbine behavior) outputs. The presented results explore the proposed methodology potential. The first optimal design performed minimizes the generator active material cost, presenting a significant cost reduction compared to a non-optimal generator. Next, the contradiction between the generator cost and its efficiency is analyzed and the importance of including the wind turbine energy generation into the generator design becomes evident. Using the estimated wind turbine generated energy, the generator with maximum net earnings (equal to the wind turbine energy proceeds less the generator cost) has been obtained. This generator has a good ratio between its cost and capability to generate energy. Then, sensibility analysis have been carried out to verify how the electricity price and the annual mean wind speed influence the design. Finally, two wind turbines with different diameters and rated wind speeds have been employed, considering three distinct wind profiles. These results provide the generators more suited to each wind turbine applied to each wind profile, showing that the proposed design methodology has the ability to helps choosing the wind turbine adequate to each wind farm.

Given today’s trend with environment being very important, there has been an ongoing attempt in the rotating machine industry to create machines with highest efficiency possible. And so, permanent magnet synchronous machines represent types of machine with very high efficiency and are gradually replacing other machines in many applications. This work deals with familiarization of the properties of permanent magnet synchronous motor as well as typical design choices. The main focus of this work is the design of permanent magnet EC motor and following comparison of results obtained from analytical design and analysis in the RMxprt program. Finally, the results of design methods are compared.

This work deals with the on-line identification of permanent magnet synchronous motor parameters. There is discussed the use of four different identification algorithms based on the least squares method and MRAS. The functionality of the algorithms is verified in Matlab - Simulink environment. Simulation results are compared in terms of rate and accuracy of identification, resistance to noise and other factors.

The topic of this diploma thesis is mathematical model of electric vehicle. The traction drive consists of Li-Ion battery, free-phase DC/AC converter and permanent magnet synchronous machine. The main goal of the thesis is development of function model and making simulations in SIMULINK/SIMSCAPE program. Work is divided into three main parts. The first part is dedicated to the theoretical description of the main drive components. The second part describes partial subsystems of the model. In the last part is build a complete model of electric vehicle and simulated different driving mode.

This master´s thesis deals with permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is part of hybrid system of Toyota Prius. You can find study of this motor in program FEMM in this thesis. Model of equivalent magnetic circuit and magnetic flux density are part of this work. There is also information about core losses.

The work is focused on the design of synchronous motor control with field weakening possibility. At present synchronous motors used in many applications. Often is used synchronous motor with permanent magnets. This type of motor may have different transverse and axial inductance. In most cases it is desirable to design the engine using a computer model. Therefore the synchronous motor described mathematically in order to create the model of motor. At work is also crated model of synchronous motor control. The control is designed for the highest possible speed range. Therefore, the motor control is consist of two parts. Speed is controlled by voltage in the first part. In the second part speed is controlled by field weakening. Everything is created and simulated in a computer program MATLAB-SIMULINK.

Algorithms of sensorless control of surface permanent magnet synchronous motors are discussed in the dissertation thesis. A method for position and speed estimation in high-speed region based on model reference adaptive system is described. Furthermore, classical approach using Kalman filtering was verified. Kalman filter expected the rotor speed to be constant as a modification of model using variable speed approach. These algorithms are not able to work at low speed region, thus a new method was proposed. This method is designed on extended Kalman filtering and uses the model which describes the stator inductance changes in - coordinates. At motor start, knowledge of initial rotor setup is required. The algorithm for initial rotor angle using high frequencies injected into the motor was proposed.

The purpose of this dissertation is to design identification methods for identifying a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The whole identification and motor control is carried out in d-q coordinates, and the program used for processing and control was the matlab simulink, together with the real time platform DSpace. The work focuses on two main areas of identification, off-line identification and on-line identification. For offline identification the frequency analysis was used with the lock rotor test to get three main parameters. They are the quadrature and direct inductances and stator resistance. In the online mode, the identified parameters were extended to magnet flux _f identified by MRAS method. The remaining parameters were again identified by frequency analysis, which was adapted into online mode, and simultaneously applied to the identification of several part in one time. The next method is Newton method, which is used for estimating stator resistance of the motor, without the need to apply any signal.