In the highly developed field of Persian-English lexicography a major gap exists in the area of colloquial, slang, and argot in Persian. To date, no Persian-English Dictionary of Persian colloquial slang, or argot language exists. This study fills this gap. The dissertation proper tells the story of the process and the fully covered /vāv/ section treats current slang and argot headwords and phrases including slang and secret languages of smugglers, drug dealers, prison inmates, the military and the teenagers. The dictionary which will be referred to as The Persian-English Dictionary of Slang (PEDS) presents a sample of 200 headwords beginning in the letter; [Arabic character] /vāv/. This study provides a sample of how the work is generated. The whole dictionary contains 15000+ headwords. / text

This dissertation looks at the dialectical relationship between Persian literary works representing or alluding to the pre-Islamic legacy and the political conditions of Iran. Through discursive analyses, it shows that these works in new political conditions change the orientation and main thrust of their message, and use or allude to the same pre-Islamic legacy for promoting modernization, criticizing official policies or showing resistance to the ruling establishment. The main thrust of their arguments also subtly indicates the country's future intellectual and political orientation.A transition from the traditional to modern use of antiquity took place during the second half of the nineteenth century, mainly as a result of increased interaction with Europe. Until the fall of the Qajarids, the Persian intellectuals and writers such as Akhundzadah, Dihkhuda used pre-Islamic legacy to support their arguments for modernization. Later, the despotic Pahlavi rulers (1925-79) sought to modernize the country but stifled the democratic evolution of polity and employed the pre-Islamic Persian heritage to strengthen monarchy. Hence, the Persian fiction writers such as Hidayat, Shahani, Danishwar dissociated themselves from official nationalism and used pre-Islamic heritage in non-glorifying ways to criticize the official policies.After the Islamic Revolution in 1979, the new rulers reversed the Pahlavi official policy of glorifying the pre-Islamic Iran, and projected Shi'i Islam as the central element of Iranian identity. In their efforts to create Islamic subjects, they deprived people many of their civil and political rights. In the new political environment, the fiction writers such as Danishwar, Sadiqi and Arian showed remarkable interest in using pre-Islamic mythological and historical references, themes and events in their writings. Such literary production functioned as a literary resistance to the policies of the Islamist rulers.To substantiate the findings about the use of pre-Islamic legacy in modern Persian literature, the dissertation also examined the representation of Iranian antiquity in Persian films. The dissertation showed that the political representation of pre-Islamic heritage in Persian literature finds a parallel, though less pronounced, in Persian films too.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Vanderbilt University, 1910.

Graduation date: 1995

No description available.

When Bahrain's uprising began in February 2011, the opposition presented united front. By the time of the national dialogue a year later, however, it had fractured both along and within sectarian lines. The government’s inconsistent response to the uprising also demonstrated tensions within Bahrain’s royal family. An analysis of discourse on the national dialogue, terrorism and violence, expatriates, and the Gulf Union plan revealed that Bahrain's political factions were divided by their conceptions of Bahraini identity and citizenship. Bahrain was a young nation and questions of identity were still very much under debate. This work drew on newspaper opinion pieces, official statements published by political groups, and posters and videos they posted on social media to explain the questions of identity that developed around these political debates. I also examined how these debates continued to divide Sunni and Shi’i groups within the opposition as well as the moderate and conservative factions within the royal family. Finally, I considered how these groups used their varying conceptions of Bahraini citizenship to justify their tactics in pursuing or attempting to quash the uprising. Even as each group demanded rights for citizens, they disagreed on what citizenship meant. Similarly, denying that their opponents were “true citizens,” allowed each group to delegitimize views they disagreed with. / text

Book designers and manuscript artists have inserted illustrations into narrative works for centuries now. This practice is an intelligent behaviour that requires specialised knowledge of the text and the external parameters affecting the selection and placement criteria. This thesis offers a model for automation of illustration insertion into a narrative discourse. The model presented here is a significant improvement to the crudest method of dividing the text into equal parts and inserting one illustration into each part. This study starts from the position that narratives are expressions of mental representations of a sequence of events in various modes of discourse. Here, this mental representation is referred to as ‘the story’. When coupled with a mode of discourse, the story becomes a narrative. Thus, a story can be expressed as oral, written, pictorial, or film narratives. If they all express the same sequence of events, they are telling the same story. In an illustrated narrative, while the written discourse expresses the event sequence in the form of sentences, illustrations depict them using pictorial elements. The insertion of illustration into written narrative is analogous to collating two texts into one, based on their event content. In this process, sentential representation of events are collated against the pictorial expressions of the same events. Thus, for the purposes of automation, this study claims that an investigation into the locations of events can lead to potential locations for illustration insertions. However, the list of potential illustration locations can be improved further through eliminating the events that are not depictable. This model is also able to further improve on the insertion policy by incorporating event constraints as parameters for event priorities. If a set of event types is given preference in the illustration policy, the model is able to prioritise the list accordingly. Furthermore, the model is able to allow the samedegree of customisation for preferred characters, locations, or time in the story. The prioritisation can be applied to the entire narrative, or smaller chunks of the narrative text such as chapters or sections. The model is developed via the study of the verb roots of sentences – denoting the event types – in the discourse of Mohl’s critical edition of the Shāhnāma, the Persian epic composed by Abu al Qāsium Firdausī in 400/1010. A collection of 109 illustrated manuscripts of the Shāhnāma was considered in this study. These manuscripts come from various traditions of Persian paintings and cover a long period from the early 14th century to the late 19th century. A population of nearly 6,000 Shāhnāma illustrations were annotated. Each illustration is linked to a sentence in the narrative. The bottom-up approach to the study of verb distribution in the written discourse against the illustration location distribution indicates that illustration distribution follows the same trend as that of the depictable event distribution in the discourse. Particular event tokens displayed a high rate of illustration rendering them as all time favourite events. In summary, this study claims that investigation into the distribution of events in a narrative discourse provides a model for the insertion of illustrations into a narrative work.

No Brasil, a casuística de dermatofitose de cães e gatos, atendida em hospitais escola e clínicas veterinárias oscila entre 1,7 à 11,5%. E embora o percentil de casos de dermatofitoses na rotina da clínica veterinária, seja reduzido, quando cotejado a outras dermatopatias, tem relevância pelo fato de tratar-se de uma antropozoonose, refletindo então sua grande importância em saúde pública. Relata-se que cerca de 15% dos casos de dermatofitose em humanos sejam de origem zoonótica. A dermatofitose animal é uma dermatopatia causada por fungos queratinofílicos e queratinolíticos pertencentes aos gêneros Microsporum e Trichophyton. Assim sendo, o fungo zoofilico M. canis é o dermatófito mais comumente isolado em carnívoros domésticos, sendo considerado como o agente causador de 90 a 100% dos casos de dermatofitose. Os dermatófitos são transmitidos por contato direto com pelos ou escamas infectadas por artrósporos, presentes nos animais, no ambiente ou por fômites. A diferenciação diagnóstica deve ser considerada em todo e qualquer caso de presença de lesões alopécicas, ceratóticas e escamocrostosas. A consecução diagnóstica é desafiadora e o emprego de cultivos fúngicos é bastante útil, porém requerem experiência laboratorial e necessitam de tempo, de cerca de 21 dias, para se obter o resultado final. Diante da escassez de trabalhos envolvendo procedimentos diagnósticos alternativos, a exemplo de técnicas sorológicas para a diagnose da microsporíase, e da necessidade de dispor de exames confiáveis e rápidos para um precoce diagnóstico, objetivou-se desenvolver e avaliar a eficácia diagnóstica dos testes imunoenzimáticos ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) e Western blot (WB), para o diagnóstico sorológico da dermatofitose felina causada por M. canis em gatos Persas assintomáticos. Para tanto, selecionou-se 70 felinos de idades variadas e de quaisquer dos sexos, os quais foram alocados em três Grupos: S (Sintomático) com 20 animais, AS (Assintomáticos) com 30 animais e N (Negativos) constituído por 20 felinos. Todos os animais foram submetidos à colheita de sangue para realização dos testes sorológicos, interposição pela Lâmpada de Wood e cultivo micológico. Comparando-se os valores de ELISA entre os grupos positivos e negativos, obtiveram-se 94% de sensibilidade e 75% especificidade. Obteve-se, também, área sob a curva ROC de 0,92. Observou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre os Grupos Sintomáticos e Assintomáticos (p<0,05). Ao WB detectou-se 13 bandas dos seguintes pesos moleculares: 132, 83, 75, 73, 57, 54, 50, 40, 35, 33, 32, 30 e 25 kDa. Considerou-se a proteína mais imunogênica a de 50 kDa, onde observou-se reatividade de 83,3% no Grupo sintomático e de 66,6% no Grupo assintomático. Conclui-se que a dermatofitose induz evidente resposta imune humoral, que se expressa pela elevação dos níveis de IgG anti-M.canis. Conclui-se, também, que as técnicas de ELISA e WB são eficazes para o diagnóstico sorológico da dermatofitose causada por M. canis em gatos Persas sintomáticos e assintomáticos / The number of dogs and cats affected by ringworm seen at teaching hospitals and veterinary clinics in Brazil ranges from 1,7 to 11,5 %. And although the percentile of ringworm cases in veterinary practice routine is reduced when compared with other skin diseases, it has relevance because it is anthropozoonosis with public health significance. In humans, 15% of ringworm&#39;s (tinea) cases come from zoonotic transmission and most of these cases are acquired through contact with affected cats. Animal dermatophytosis is a skin disease caused by keratinolytics and keratinophilics fungi belonging to the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton. The zoophilic fungus M. canis is the most frequently isolated dermatophyte in domestic carnivores, being regarded as the causative agent associated with 90 to 100% of ringworm cases. Dermatophytes are transmitted by direct contact with scales or hairs infected by arthrospores, present in the animals, in the environment or in fomites. The differential diagnosis for dermatophytosis should be considered in every case of alopecia, keratotic scales and crusty lesions. The diagnosis is challenging and the use of fungal cultures is quite useful but requires laboratorial experience and need at least 21 days to get the result. Given the scarcity of studies involving alternative diagnostic procedures, like serological techniques for the dermatophytosis&#39;s diagnosis, and the need for reliable and rapid tests for early diagnosis, this study aimed to develop and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of enzyme immunoassays ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) and Western blot (WB), for the diagnosis of feline&#39;s dermatophytosis caused by M. canis in Persian cats. Seventy cats of various ages and any of the sexes were divided into three groups: S (symptomatic) with 20 animals, AS (asymptomatic) with 30 animals and N (negative) with other 20 cats. All animals were submitted to mycological cultivation, Wood lamp and blood samples for carrying out the serological tests. Comparing the ELISA values between positive and negative groups yielded 94% sensitivity and 75% specificity. There was no statistic difference between groups symptomatic and asymptomatic (p &lt;0,05). The WB technique detected 13 bands of the following weights: 132, 83, 75, 73, 57, 54, 50, 40, 35, 33, 32, 30 and 25 kDa. The 50 kDa protein was considered the most immunogenic protein, observing reactivity in 83.3% in the symptomatic group and 66.6% in the asymptomatic group. The study concludes that the ringworm induces clear humoral immune response. In addition, the ELISA and WB techniques are effective for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis caused by M. canis in symptomatic and asymptomatic Persian cats

No Brasil, a casuística de dermatofitose de cães e gatos, atendida em hospitais escola e clínicas veterinárias oscila entre 1,7 à 11,5%. E embora o percentil de casos de dermatofitoses na rotina da clínica veterinária, seja reduzido, quando cotejado a outras dermatopatias, tem relevância pelo fato de tratar-se de uma antropozoonose, refletindo então sua grande importância em saúde pública. Relata-se que cerca de 15% dos casos de dermatofitose em humanos sejam de origem zoonótica. A dermatofitose animal é uma dermatopatia causada por fungos queratinofílicos e queratinolíticos pertencentes aos gêneros Microsporum e Trichophyton. Assim sendo, o fungo zoofilico M. canis é o dermatófito mais comumente isolado em carnívoros domésticos, sendo considerado como o agente causador de 90 a 100% dos casos de dermatofitose. Os dermatófitos são transmitidos por contato direto com pelos ou escamas infectadas por artrósporos, presentes nos animais, no ambiente ou por fômites. A diferenciação diagnóstica deve ser considerada em todo e qualquer caso de presença de lesões alopécicas, ceratóticas e escamocrostosas. A consecução diagnóstica é desafiadora e o emprego de cultivos fúngicos é bastante útil, porém requerem experiência laboratorial e necessitam de tempo, de cerca de 21 dias, para se obter o resultado final. Diante da escassez de trabalhos envolvendo procedimentos diagnósticos alternativos, a exemplo de técnicas sorológicas para a diagnose da microsporíase, e da necessidade de dispor de exames confiáveis e rápidos para um precoce diagnóstico, objetivou-se desenvolver e avaliar a eficácia diagnóstica dos testes imunoenzimáticos ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) e Western blot (WB), para o diagnóstico sorológico da dermatofitose felina causada por M. canis em gatos Persas assintomáticos. Para tanto, selecionou-se 70 felinos de idades variadas e de quaisquer dos sexos, os quais foram alocados em três Grupos: S (Sintomático) com 20 animais, AS (Assintomáticos) com 30 animais e N (Negativos) constituído por 20 felinos. Todos os animais foram submetidos à colheita de sangue para realização dos testes sorológicos, interposição pela Lâmpada de Wood e cultivo micológico. Comparando-se os valores de ELISA entre os grupos positivos e negativos, obtiveram-se 94% de sensibilidade e 75% especificidade. Obteve-se, também, área sob a curva ROC de 0,92. Observou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre os Grupos Sintomáticos e Assintomáticos (p<0,05). Ao WB detectou-se 13 bandas dos seguintes pesos moleculares: 132, 83, 75, 73, 57, 54, 50, 40, 35, 33, 32, 30 e 25 kDa. Considerou-se a proteína mais imunogênica a de 50 kDa, onde observou-se reatividade de 83,3% no Grupo sintomático e de 66,6% no Grupo assintomático. Conclui-se que a dermatofitose induz evidente resposta imune humoral, que se expressa pela elevação dos níveis de IgG anti-M.canis. Conclui-se, também, que as técnicas de ELISA e WB são eficazes para o diagnóstico sorológico da dermatofitose causada por M. canis em gatos Persas sintomáticos e assintomáticos / The number of dogs and cats affected by ringworm seen at teaching hospitals and veterinary clinics in Brazil ranges from 1,7 to 11,5 %. And although the percentile of ringworm cases in veterinary practice routine is reduced when compared with other skin diseases, it has relevance because it is anthropozoonosis with public health significance. In humans, 15% of ringworm&#39;s (tinea) cases come from zoonotic transmission and most of these cases are acquired through contact with affected cats. Animal dermatophytosis is a skin disease caused by keratinolytics and keratinophilics fungi belonging to the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton. The zoophilic fungus M. canis is the most frequently isolated dermatophyte in domestic carnivores, being regarded as the causative agent associated with 90 to 100% of ringworm cases. Dermatophytes are transmitted by direct contact with scales or hairs infected by arthrospores, present in the animals, in the environment or in fomites. The differential diagnosis for dermatophytosis should be considered in every case of alopecia, keratotic scales and crusty lesions. The diagnosis is challenging and the use of fungal cultures is quite useful but requires laboratorial experience and need at least 21 days to get the result. Given the scarcity of studies involving alternative diagnostic procedures, like serological techniques for the dermatophytosis&#39;s diagnosis, and the need for reliable and rapid tests for early diagnosis, this study aimed to develop and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of enzyme immunoassays ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) and Western blot (WB), for the diagnosis of feline&#39;s dermatophytosis caused by M. canis in Persian cats. Seventy cats of various ages and any of the sexes were divided into three groups: S (symptomatic) with 20 animals, AS (asymptomatic) with 30 animals and N (negative) with other 20 cats. All animals were submitted to mycological cultivation, Wood lamp and blood samples for carrying out the serological tests. Comparing the ELISA values between positive and negative groups yielded 94% sensitivity and 75% specificity. There was no statistic difference between groups symptomatic and asymptomatic (p &lt;0,05). The WB technique detected 13 bands of the following weights: 132, 83, 75, 73, 57, 54, 50, 40, 35, 33, 32, 30 and 25 kDa. The 50 kDa protein was considered the most immunogenic protein, observing reactivity in 83.3% in the symptomatic group and 66.6% in the asymptomatic group. The study concludes that the ringworm induces clear humoral immune response. In addition, the ELISA and WB techniques are effective for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis caused by M. canis in symptomatic and asymptomatic Persian cats

Social adjustment of Persian students in terms of their social participation with Americans is analyzed by correlation and multiple regression analyses with six independent variables. The six independent variables are: education, attitude, time, English, social class, and religion. The results of correlation and multiple regression analyses support some of the hypotheses. The significant finding is that the level of education the Persian students completed before coming to the United States, their attitudes toward the Americans, and the length of stay in the United States are the most important factors while other variables are much less useful.