Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, [1998?] / "December 1997." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 333-355).

The subject of this thesis is the description of the noun-phrase in Persian on the basis of the transformational theory as described by Chomsky in Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. The first chapter of the thesis is devoted to a description of the syntactic behaviour of the noun-phrase within simplex sentences - both those formed by the verbs budan or odan and those formed by other verbs. This involves description of the noun-phrase within simple interrogative sentences and, also, within sentences formed with passive verbs. The subject of the second chapter is a description of the syntactic behaviour of the noun-phrase within complex sentences. The differences between restrictive and non-restrictive clauses have been discussed. The syntactic behaviour of the noun-phrase within sentences formed by the verbs budan or odan has been described separately in this chapter. The last part of the second chapter is devoted to a description of complements. Pronouns and the process of pronominalization in Persian constitute the subject of Chapter Throe. The syntactic behaviour of the reflexive and the emphatic pronouns, as well as that of the personal pronouns, is (i)budan="to be", odan="to become" . illustrated and discussed in this chapter. Chapter Four has been devoted to adjectives. Different kinds of adjectival/nominal constructions are illustrated in this chapter. Chapter Five deals with the grammatical status of determiners in Persian. It also gives a definition and goes into a description and classification of different kinds of determiners in Persian. Finally, the three senses of the noun, the composition of the noun-phrase in the surface structure and the grammatical status of the infinitive in Persian are illustrated in Chapter Six.

The aim of this research was to examine how university literacy is constructed at a university in the Arabian Gulf and to evaluate the appropriateness of this construction where students of a low level of English are exposed to academic English (Right from the Start). Unpacking this construction is a complex task and to gain even a limited insight into the numerous Discourses, epistemologies and pedagogies constituting the construction of university literacy at Gulf universities, a stratified approach that probes the layers of ‘reality’ is necessary. Therefore, a critical realist approach is engaged, along with a variety of methods to probe the layers of the phenomenon. In terms of thesis organization, the traditional empirical structure common to the Social Sciences and the argumentative structure common to the Humanities are integrated. While the information obtained by a variety of methods is analysed and conclusions are reached, this material is also used along with additional literature to support the central contention that university literacy and academic English are possible ‘right from the start’, if the students’ literacy is examined from a certain perspective and if there is an appropriate pedagogy which promotes the desired literacies. This combination of thesis structures would be deemed appropriate in the critical realist ontological framework since the rigour of the thesis lies both in its “reliability” resulting from the empirical data and its focus on the ‘real’; and its “reflexivity” and “persuasivness” arising from the transparently ‘critical’ argument of the thesis (Cadman 2002). In order to conduct the empirical research, the lenses suggested by each of the major views of literacy as outlined by Lea and Street (1998) - namely the “study skills” view, the narrow “academic socialization view” and the “academic literacies view” are utilized in succession. However, the central argument is revealed as the manifestations of each ‘view’ of literacy in the specific context are examined, the research outcomes obtained by utilizing each view in succession are outlined and both are critiqued from the perspective of the “academic literacies” view. Corpus research is undertaken from a “study skills” perspective and the effect of the vocabulary taught to the students on their use of vocabulary in their writing is examined. Also, using the “study skills” lens, the students’ “global language development” in terms of changes or fluctuations in “fluency, accuracy and complexity” (Wolfe-Quintero, Inagaki et al. 1998) over a period of at least three semesters is examined. Utilizing a narrow “academic socialization lens”, studies conducted at the University on learning strategies and motivation and the comments made by respondents in interviews and on an electronic discussion board are compared to comments made by teachers and lecturers. Major flaws in these views of academic literacy are acknowledged and the way each view manifests itself in the Discourse(s) prevalent at this particular university is demonstrated. Finally, Discourses evidenced in the student interviews in particular, are unpacked and then compared and contrasted with those in the lecturer interviews as well as the curriculum and other university documents. The limitations of the study are examined and suggestions for further research and ways to address ‘problems’ associated with university literacy are given.

This paper examines the anecdotes of ʿAttār’s Mosibat-nāmeh as temporal phenomena from the perspective of a reader moving progressively through the text; it is argued that that these anecdotes do not function primarily as carriers of dogmatic information, but as dynamic rhetorical performances designed to prod their audiences into recommitting to a pious mode of life. First, the article shows how the poem’s frame-tale influences a reader’s experience of the embedded anecdotes by encouraging a sequential mode of consumption and contextualizing the work’s pedagogical aims. Next, it is demonstrated that these anecdotes are bound together through formulae and lexical triggers, producing a paratactic structure reminiscent of oral homiletics. Individual anecdotes aim to unsettle readers’ ossified religious understandings, and together they offer a flexible set of heuristics for pious living. Finally, it is argued that ʿAttār’s intended readers were likely familiar with the mystical principles that underlie his poems; he therefore did not use narratives to provide completely new teachings, but rather to persuade his audience to more fully embody those pious principles to which they were already committed.

The fantastic Simurgh, the mythical bird of ancient Persia, has maintained a significant presence in Persian culture. The visual and textual references to this bird manifest a mysterious and complex symbolism shaped around this super-natural creature in Persian literary sources. The Simurgh evolves from a myth, to the symbol of royalty, to the guardian of Persian kingdom, and finally to represent the Divine. This promotion and transformation is facilitated through the idea of divine protection and kingship inherited from ancient Persia, transforming the representations of the Simurgh into powerful images. The intertextual analysis of the Avestan and Pahlavi references to the Simurgh, and their comparison with the characteristics of the Simurgh in the Shāhnāma, allows this study to trace the amalgamation of these sources in the Persian national epics. Through a process of literary creativity, Firdausi combines the characteristics of the two mythical birds, Saēna and Vāreghna, to shape the Simurgh in the Shāhnāma. The transformation of ancient Persian myths into Islamic Persia continues in the works of Islamic philosophers such as Suhrawardi who, once again, synthetized the mythical bird of pre-Islamic Persia with its recent embodiment in the Shāhnāma. In this phase of transformation and in the work of Suhrawardi’s contemporary, ʿAttar, the Simurgh was raised to the symbol of the Divine. It is in the light of these literary sources from the genres of epic literature and religious writings that the representations of the Simurgh are contextualized in this study, and the formation of three iconographic prototypes for the bird are proposed. In addition, the presence of the royal, divine, and Iranian glory (farr-i īzadī, farr-i Īrānī), sought for by both rulers and individuals in the Persian system of though, charges the representations of the Simurgh in the illustrated manuscripts of the Shāhnāma produced between the fourteenth and the seventeenth-century, in the realm of Persian painting in particular, as well as in Iranian visual vocabulary, in general. / Graduate / 2020-12-08

No description available.

The formation of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) in 1981 was perceived by most observers to be a collective security response to the Iran-Iraq war. Despite this view, the group has endured ten years of integration in a turbulent region and has survived: external threats to its sovereignty, Islamic fundamentalism, the decline of oil prices, internal unrest, attempted coups, and the invasion and occupation of a constituent member. This poses the question: has the integration of these countries proved to be a success? This thesis attempts to answer this question with the aid of a three dimensional analysis. The first dimension examines the theory and practice of integration. Its primary objective is to provide an insight into integration. As the GCC can, at best, be categorised as a Customs Union, this chapter concentrates on Free Trade Areas and Customs Union theories and explores their relationships with tariffs, protectionism, developing countries, and politics. A review of the empirical analyses in the field is essential due to the fact that a mathematical technique is applied to GCC trade in the latter part of this thesis. The existence of political, economic and manpower factors are found to be more detrimental to the GCC's interests than its adherence or convergence to the theory and practice of integration. An analysis of these three factors constitutes the second dimension of the thesis. This commences by examining the Islamic antecedents of the member countries, pan-Islamism and nationalism in the 19th century, and Middle Eastern efforts at integration from the decline of the Ottoman Empire to the present. The establishment of the existing GCC nations and an examination of their natural resources, demography, industry, infrastructure, agriculture, and fisheries is covered, as is the impact of the 1990-91 occupation of Kuwait and the BCCI liquidation. A review of manpower factors includes an examination of the labour market in the pre and post 1973 period with emphasis given to the role of expatriate and indigenous labour. In addition, the influence of education, women in the workforce, nationality, and residence policies on indigenous labour is discussed. The third dimension reviews the prospects of the GCC. This is performed through the construction and utilisation of matrices which examine the similarity or dissimilarity of GCC trade to the World, Developed and Developing Countries. United Nations Standard Industrial Trade Category (SITC) data up to 3-digits, has been used to construct twenty seven 22 x 22 matrices. Nine of these matrices indicate GCC trade with the Rest of the World and are linked to economic and financial literature on the Gulf in order to examine their credibility. Eighteen matrices which indicate trade with the Developing and Developed World indentify potential trade creation, trade diversion and prospects. It is the conclusion of the thesis that the GCC has not succeeded in its integration efforts. The lack of co-ordination to perform as a single unit in economic, political, and military areas, the undemocratic political systems, the exploitation of expatriate labour, the segregation of indigenous labour, and most importantly, the wasted opportunities indicated by the matrices of greater trade creation with the Developed and Developing Countries contribute significantly to the ineffectiveness of the group.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / Events at the beginning of the 21st century have brought a fundamental change to the security environment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia of a significance not witnessed in the region since the Iranian Revolution in 1979. The fall of Saddam Hussein's regime in 2003 eliminated the most significant external threat facing Saudi Arabia. At the same time, internal threats to the Kingdom appear to be increasing. The demographic and economic challenges facing the Kingdom are contributing to internal instability. Increased instances of political violence, particularly suicide bombings against targets within the Kingdom, have been carried out by terrorists linked to al-Qaeda. These attacks have targeted Westerners and, for the first time in May 2003, non-Saudi Muslims. This paper examines the security challenges facing Saudi Arabia at the start of the 21st century. It argues that while external threats to the Kingdom remain, the greater threat to security may lie within the Saudi state: the result of a failure to address current political realities. Major security challenges include the threat from Iran, economic and demographic pressures, the question of succession within the ruling al-Saud family and maintaining the U.S.- Saudi security partnership, a relationship which has endured over 50 years. / Captain, United States Air Force

This study is a very basic handbook of Farsi phonetics and syntax for use by English as a Second Language (ESL) instructors who have had little or no contact with the structure of the Persian language. Emphasis is placed on presenting an inventory of selected phonological and syntactic items which are problems for native Farsi speakers who want to learn English.

Cheung Mong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-121). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Tables and Figures --- p.vi / Abbreviations --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction: Why Different Policy Responses in Two Similar Crises? --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Central Question --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Main Argument --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- The Layout --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter Two --- A Theoretical Framework for Analysis: The Concept of Strategic Culture --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Competing Explanations --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Theory of Strategic Culture --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- Defining Strategic Culture in this Research --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4 --- Research Method and Data --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter Three --- The Dual Sources of Strategic Culture in Postwar Japan --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1 --- Paradigm in the Ruling Level: Yoshida Doctrine --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2 --- Paradigm in the Social Level: Pacifism --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3 --- The Interaction between the Two Paradigms on Policy --- p.52 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Japan's Responses to the Gulf Crisis: The Gap of Two Paradigms (1990-91) --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1 --- Searching for a New Identity: Four Views to Japan's Security --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Two Competing Paradigms in the Eve of the Gulf Crisis --- p.65 / Chapter 4.3 --- A Strategic Cultural Explanation to the Reluctant Response on Overseas Dispatch --- p.72 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Japan's Responses to the Anti-Terrorism War: Moving towards An Unitary Paradigm (2001) --- p.82 / Chapter 5.1 --- "Japan's Emerging New Identity: The Notion of ""the Normal Nation""" --- p.83 / Chapter 5.2 --- Decline of the Pacifism --- p.92 / Chapter 5.3 --- Japan after the 911: Sending the SDF Overseas --- p.98 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Conclusion --- p.118 / Chapter 6.1 --- Japan Between the Pacifist Nation and Great Military Power --- p.109 / Chapter 6.2 --- The Significance and Limitation of the Research --- p.112 / Bibliography --- p.115