Thesis (M.Arch.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-96). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, 1970. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-127).

This thesis is an attempt to refine the analysis of an empirical study in intercultural proxemic behavior research conducted by Watson and Graves and is, as well, a partial and modified replication of that study. The hypothesis of this, study is that Arabs will exhibit significant differences in proxemic behavior from Americans, with Arab's being closer and more direct in their proxemic, behavior than Americans. To test this hypothesis eighteen Saudi-Arabian and eighteen American male students were observed as two groups of nine homogeneous dyads and as one group of eighteen heterogeneous dyads. Seven minute dyadic interactions in a controlled, laboratory setting were filmed and recorded on video tape. Five proxemic variables were analyzed: sociofugal-sociopetal axis, kinesthetic factors, touch code, visual code, and voice loudness scale. The video-taped data were analyzed and scored. Individual scores were averaged to arrive at dyadic scores. Twenty-five t-tests, were calculated to test for possible statistically significant differences between the cultural groups and between both groups of homogeneous dyads and the heterogeneous dyads. No significant differences were found. Thirty Pearson correlations were computed for any possible significant positive correlation among the five variables in Saudi-Arabian - American dyads and in both Saudi-Arabian and America dyads separately. Three significant positive correlations as well as three significant negative correlations were discovered. The hypothesis of the study was not supported and the findings of the Watson and Graves' study did not appear in the present examination.

The present study examined the relationship between invasions of personal space and measures of glancing, blocking, leaning, head-shoulder orientation, movement away from the invader, and flight latency. These behaviors have been described in previous studies as occurring in response to spatial invasions, and the equilibrium model proposed to account for their occurrence. Hypotheses consistent with this model were tested in a 2 x 2 x 3 design which varied sex of invader, sex of subject and distance of subject from invader (1 foot, 2 feet, or 5 feet). None of the predicted relationships obtained, although females blocked more frequently than males, and also exhibited a greater variety of the target behaviors than did males. A significant difference was found for variety of behaviors emitted and distance, with Ss in the 1 foot condition exhibiting more of the target behaviors than those in the 5 foot condition. No other significant results were found. An alternate model to account for these discrepancies as well as previous discrepancies was discussed and suggestions for future research were made.

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Man's perception of his personal space can be compared to a basic concept in the study of animal behavior, territoriality, defined by Hall as "behavior by which an organism characteristically lays claim to an area and defends it against members of its own species" (1966, p. 7). Territoriality was first described in 1920 by the English ornithologist H. E. Howard. He recognized events that had been noted by naturalists as far back as the seventeenth century as manifestations of territoriality (Hall, 1966). --From "Chapter 1 Introduction and Rationale."

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1979 C527 / Master of Architecture

Nowadays, people spend lots of time in digital worlds, such as social media and the internet. Their product purchasing decisions are influenced by this digital world. As a result, when looking around the house, lots of physical products, from utensils to giant furniture are sometimes not the ideal choice for fitting into the space or users’ need. People are usually more fascinated by product appearance. However, after a brief period of time, they may get bored and eventually abandon the product. Due to the fact mentioned above, I, as a designer, want to explore a different route to design products so that they can be more significant and meaningful to people’s lives. After a lot of research, I found that human experience and ritual can provide very helpful guidance on product development. Based on the research and findings, my lounge chair is designed to prove my design thinking. This paper focuses on the development of the lounge chair from concept sketch to computer modeling to the actual prototype and finishing.