The thesis is defining individual income of partners of business companies subject to tax of personal income eventually to other deductions and providing comprehensive overview of these mandatory deductions according to legal regulations valid for year 2010 including some changes which which will take effect from 1st of January. The subject of my thesis is taxation of partners income - tax residents and non-residents to whom derive incomes from business company which is situated in Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter is explained position of individual partners depending on the type of company. In partnerships i.e. co-partnerships, limited partnership and European economic interest grouping, the partners usually participate in business enterprise by their own activities. In capital companies i.e. limited liability companies, joint-stock companies and european companies, the partners are participating through their own property values. In the second chapter is briefly described the tax structure of individual income and its basic elements. The third chapter is description of definition individual incomes of partners and taxation of them. Because of miscellaneous kinds of incomes are used miscellaneous kinds of taxation. It is mainly focused on taxation of...

This thesis deals with analysis of the differences between men and women in the labour market and their impact on personal income tax. Analysis of labour market is made from two perspectives. First is the comparsion of the situation of Czech Republic throughout the European Union. In the second part I also compare these conditions between years 2000 and 2008. Analysis of tax revenue is made from data available in the United Kingdom, its results is evaluation of the factors which have impact on the total tax revenue. In the end, all of the findings are applied to major shortcomings of the Czech Republic system. The proposed solutions are mainly in the part-time employment, affordable and quality childcare and dependents, and a system of providing parental leave and parental allowances.

The dissertation is devoted to the questions of personal income tax. Because of the fundamental role of the personal income tax in the public finance area, it is very difficult to know variables that have an effect on its revenues in various countries and times. The attention is targeted on OECD countries. The paper begins with some thesis about tax functions of personal income tax in public finance and also with its importance in the tax mix in the nearly last forty years. Following part of the dissertation includes identification and a description of these variables that may have and effect on tax revenues regarding if these may have an effect on the personal income tax revenues. The variables were categorized into three groups -- economic, demographic and politico-sociologic. The main part of the paper is panel regression analysis with the fixed effects that is aimed at searching of various variables that have significant effect on the personal income tax revenues. In this part there are some regression models with the regression function linear in parameters or regression function nonlinear in parameters. The results of analysis are compared to each other and also to other author's results. Interpretation and summary of the results of analysis are also introduced.

A Economia Comportamental sob a orientação da Análise do Comportamento consiste em uma área de pesquisa que aplica princípios econômicos para exame de questões comportamentais. Uma de suas concentrações temáticas está voltada ao comportamento de consumir. Nas Ciências Econômicas, uma das principais variáveis identificadas como controladoras do consumo é a renda pessoal. Uma das ferramentas econômicas usadas para descrever esta relação de controle é a Propensão Marginal a Consumir, e o presente experimento propõe um procedimento para reproduzir esta ferramenta com sujeitos não-humanos. Neste intento, oito ratos Wistar foram expostos a uma contingência na qual o número de leds acesos em um painel sinalizava o total de reforçadores disponíveis por sessão (supostamente, uma analogia a renda pessoal). O consumo foi medido pelo volume de reforços liberados em FR10 e pelo número de leds apagados por sessão, uma vez que a liberação de p reforços apagava um led do painel. Os leds do painel que eventualmente não fossem apagados em uma sessão eram preservados para sessões posteriores, permitindo o aumento da renda pessoal dos sujeitos por sessão (supostamente, uma analogia a poupança). Além do acúmulo de poupança, a renda pessoal dos sujeitos variou neste procedimento por manipulações diretas do experimentador, consistindo assim a variável independente. Foram usados dois tipos de reforços, em duas etapas experimentais diferentes: água, um reforço essencial (Etapa 1) e uma solução de 10% sacarose, um reforço supérfluo (Etapa 2). Os resultados mostraram que a variação do número de leds acesos no painel (variações da renda pessoal) produziu variações lineares no consumo, compatíveis com as previsões da Propensão Marginal a Consumir. As principais variáveis foram o nível de privação, o tipo de reforço e o número de sujeitos. Discute-se a adição de novas variáveis experimentais para aprofundar-se no exame da relação entre renda pessoal e consumo / Behavioral Economics under the behavior analysis orientation is an area of research that applies economic principles to analytical-behavioral issues. One of its main research topics are consumption behaviors. In Economics, one of the main controlling variables of consumption is personal income. One of the economic tools used to describe this controlling relation is the Marginal Propensity to Consume, and the present study proposes an experimental procedure to reproduce this tool with non-human subjects. To this purpose, eight rats were exposed to a contingency in which the number of lit LEDs in a panel signaled the total number of reinforcers available per session (supposedly an analogy to personal income). Consumption was measured by the volume of liquids released under FR10 and the number of LEDs switched off per session (since the release of \"p\" reinforcements switched one LED off in the panel). The LEDs that were still lit after the session ended were preserved for later sessions, allowing the increase of personal income per session (supposedly, an analogy to savings). Besides the accumulation of savings, personal income varied by direct manipulation, and was the independent variable of this experiment. Two types of reinforcements were used in two different experimental phases: water, an essential good (Phase 1) and a 10% sucrose solution, a superfluous good (Phase 2). The results showed that the variation in the number of LEDs lit in the panel (changes in personal income) produced linear increases in consumption, consistent with the predictions of the Marginal Propensity to Consume. The main variables were the level of deprivation, the type of reinforcement and the number of subjects of each group. New experimental variables should be added to deepen the examination of this relationship between personal income and consumption

The diploma thesis is focused on identification and partial quantification of tax reliefs of personal income tax in 2011. This diploma thesis is divided into 4 sections. The first one contains view of existing literature and research in the field of tax reliefs. The second one is theoretical and it is dedicated to the broad theory of tax reliefs and their operation in the countries OECD. The third one is theoretical-analytical and is focused on the view of definition among the particular countries and subsequent identification of tax reliefs in Australia and Canada. The main section of the diploma thesis is fourth part. This analytical part contains the identification and quantification of some provisions of tax reliefs of personal income tax in the Czech Republic.

The theme of the diploma thesis is "Progressive tax burden on households on income from individuals". The aim of this work is to examine the progressive burden on households of personal income tax, using model households. The purpose is also to determine which taxpayers and in which households have the greatest tax burden. The study is conducted using an average tax rate. The analysis is performed in years 2016, 2017 and 2018 on four taxpayers (which are different by the amount of gross wage), which are in five different types of households (according to their composition, taxpayers apply different types of discounts or tax advantages). The results of the thesis show that the higher the gross wage, the higher the average tax rate (the higher the tax burn on the taxpayer), which is also more balanced than the poorer taxpayers. There is a minimal difference between rates year-on-year. Personal income tax is progressive.

During the transformation process, the reform of public finances (in particular the tax system) is crucial for Georgia. There are a lot of proposals and suggestions in the financial literature concerning the introduction of tax systems in transition countries. Individual taxes or the entire tax system should be elaborated regarding certain criteria. This paper analyzes the tax reform procedures during the transition of Georgia to the free-market economy as well as the existing tax system. Concerning the taxes, the current tax system is more or less duplicated from the Western European countries. It becomes obvious that the chance of developing a rational, sustainable and adjusted tax system for transition countries was missed.

Tax estimation is a fundamental prerequisite for a sustainable fiscal policy. This paper uses the Georgian Household Survey and s simple microsimulation model in order to describe the household incomes in Georgia for the year 2005, their structure and regional distribution within eleven historical regions. Based on a thorough analysis of the existing taxable incomes and following the documentation of the applied model both a tax allowance and three percent raise of the income tax are estimated with respect to tax revenue and distributional effects. The paper comes to the conclusion that the poor income situation of most Georgian households can be mitigated by a tax allowance but is very difficult to be financed because of expected revenue losses. In spite of some progressive distributional effects of an increase of the tax burden, most households will find a very hard to cope with additional tax liabilities.

This dissertation comprises two essays that attempt to determine, empirically, the relationship between personal income taxation and income inequality. The first essay examines whether income inequality is affected by the structural progressivity of national income tax systems. Using detailed personal income tax schedules for a large panel of countries, we develop and estimate comprehensive, time-varying measures of structural progressivity of national income tax systems over the 1981–2005 period. Our findings suggest that progressivity has a strong negative effect on inequality in reported gross and net income and that this negative effect is strongest in countries whose institutional framework supports pro-poor redistribution. However, the effect of progressivity on true inequality, which is approximated by consumption-based measures of the GINI coefficient, is significantly smaller. The second essay relies on household level data and complements the first in its empirical approach. We simulate the distributional impact of the Russian personal income tax (PIT) following the flat tax reform of 2001 using data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. We use a series of counterfactuals to decompose the change in the distribution of net income into a direct (tax) effect and an indirect behavioral effect. As expected, the direct tax effect increased net income inequality. Changes in the pre-tax distribution, on the other hand, had a large negative impact on inequality thus leading to an overall decline in net income inequality. We also find that the tax-induced evasion response increased reported net income inequality while reducing consumption based measures of net income inequality.

Magistro darbe tiriama gyventojų pajamų nelygybė 2004 – 2009 metais Lietuvoje. Šį darbą sudaro trys dalys. Teorinėje darbo dalyje išanalizuota Lietuvos bei užsienio autorių mokslinė literatūra gyventojų pajamų nelygybės klausimais. Sudaryta gyventojų pajamų dinamikos bei struktūros, jų lygio – struktūros bei pasiskirstymo netolygumo rodiklių sistema. Tiriamojoje dalyje atlikta namų ūkių vidutinių disponuojamųjų pajamų dinamikos bei struktūros analizė pagal gyventojų socialines ekonomines grupes, išskirtos diferenciaciją lėmusios priežastys, taip pat atliktas pajamų lygio bei struktūros ir pasiskirstymo netolygumo įvertinimas. Patvirtinta hipotezė, kad gyventojų pajamų nelygybė tarp skirtingų socialinių sluoksnių pasižymi dideliais skirtumais. Atliekant tyrimą naudoti Lietuvos Statistikos Departamento namų ūkių biudžetų atlikti tyrimai, Lietuvos bei komercinių bankų apžvalgų duomenys. Trečiojoje dalyje pateikiamos gyventojų pajamų nelygybę mažinančios kryptys bei priemonės. Siūloma įvesti progresyvinius mokesčius. / In this master‘s study have bee analysed inequality of personal income in 2004-2009 years in Lithuania. Study consists from three parts. First theorical part of study dedicated to analyse scientific literature of Lithuanian and foreign authors, their positions about personal income inequality. There was created system of indicators about personal finance dinamic, structure and levels. Searching part of this study is dedicated to analyse structure of dinamic of average households income, following social economical groups of residents. There was separated reasons, witch determinted differentiation of income. Also, have been researched levels ant structure of income and there was evaluated dispenses of unevens. Study confirm hipothesis, that income inequality between different social groups is very great. In this study was used researches of households budgets from Lithuanian Statistics Department, data from Lithuanian and other commercial banks. Third part shows course and remedies, how to reduce inequality of income. In conclusion, there is suggestion to introduce progressive taxes.