Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:16:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1425357 bytes, checksum: 8681b7a1fbfeb84b1c79e47f2f15b509 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The last Epidemiological Reports of AIDS, published by the Ministry of Health, revealed that, there is an increasing trend of this disease among youths. Correspondingly, studies indicate the existence of a social syndrome, or social epidemic, carried by prejudice and discrimination surrounding the disease. This fact generates negative psycho-emotional effects on people living who have been living with HIV/AIDS, especially the youths. Thus, this study is justified by the need of listening to the voice of the young people who have been living with HIV/AIDS, discussing the meanings related to the experiences with HIV/AIDS and associated issues, such as vulnerabilities, fears, managing and future perspective. The theoretical and methodological approach are guided by the Social Constructionism, which aims at comprehending the actions, social practices and systems of meanings in which people make sense of the world. This study objectified to investigate the meanings produced by young people who have been living with HIV/AIDS, on the experiences with HIV/AIDS, vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in youths, prejudice with people living with HIV/AIDS and the impact of positive diagnosis in their perspective the future. It was used a non-probability sampling, in which was selected a group of ten young participants who have been living with HIV/AIDS. The research was carried out through semi structured interviews consisting of four components: data identification, contextualization of way of living, issues related to vulnerability to HIV/AIDS and prejudice felt and issues related to living, interact with others and perspective of the future. The analysis occurred in three distinct stages: 1. Initial reading of transcripts, 2. Mapping the contents of the interviews and 3. Analysis of meanings revealed on the maps, starting three times: long, lived and short. As a result, it was observed 1- in a long time, emerged meanings related to the idea that there are still groups at risk, that HIV/AIDS was forgotten after the initial decreased of mortality and the fact of obtaining the positive diagnosis of HIV/AIDS is painful for remembering the deaths associated to AIDS in the past 2 in a lived time emerged meanings related to the realization that the programmatic and social vulnerabilities influenced in the individual vulnerability, due to the lack of empowerment on young people, the feminization HIV/AIDS is a consequence of the meanings associated to romantic love and gender inequality in the marital relationship and that socially constructed prejudice in the early years of the epidemic still materialize in the form of discrimination and stigmatization, and 3 in a short time the meanings associated to the perception that the fear of prejudice impacts on the everyday actions of young people, that it is necessary to structure managing strategies, often through the omission of diagnosis and even living with HIV/AIDS the participants comprehend the future as a construction process in which it is possible to have hope. In this context, it is concluded that strategies to limit the impact of the epidemic should have, at the same time, social and structural actions, which will depend on the actions of governments, organized social movements of Health and Human Rights, in addition to the development of the prevention programs, providing effective actions to combat socially constructed prejudices about the theme HIV / AIDS. / Os resultados dos últimos Boletins Epidemiológicos da Aids, divulgados pelo Ministério da Saúde, mostram que há tendência de crescimento de casos da doença entre os jovens. De igual modo, estudos apontam a existência de uma síndrome social, ou epidemia social, carregada de preconceito e discriminação que cerca a doença e que gera efeitos psicoemocionais negativos nas pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids, em especial nos jovens. Sendo assim, o estudo se justifica pela necessidade de, a partir da voz de jovens vivendo com HIV/Aids, discutir sentidos relacionados às vivências com HIV/Aids e temáticas correlacionadas, como vulnerabilidades, medos, enfrentamentos e perspectivas de futuro. O embasamento teórico metodológico se dá sob a perspectiva do Construcionismo Social, que busca compreender as ações, as práticas sociais e os sistemas de significações pelos quais as pessoas dão sentido ao mundo. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar sentidos produzidos por jovens vivendo com HIV/Aids acerca das vivências com HIV/Aids, da vulnerabilidade ao HIV/Aids em jovens, do preconceito às pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids e do impacto das vivências com HIV/Aids nas perspectivas de futuro. Utilizou-se de amostragem não probabilística, em que foi selecionado um grupo de 10 participantes jovens vivendo com HIV/Aids. A investigação ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas constituídas de quatro eixos: dados de identificação, contextualização do modo de vida, questões relacionadas à vulnerabilidade ao HIV/Aids e ao preconceito sentido e questões relativas ao viver, interagir-se com outros e perspectiva de futuro. A análise ocorreu em três etapas distintas: 1. Leitura flutuante das transcrições; 2. Elaboração de mapas com o conteúdo integral das entrevistas e; 3. Análise dos sentidos visualizados nos mapas a partir de três tempos: longo, vivido e curto. Como resultados, observou-se 1 que no tempo longo surgem sentidos relacionados à ideia de que ainda existem grupos de risco, de que o HIV/Aids foi esquecido após a diminuição da mortalidade inicial e que obter o diagnóstico de positividade ao HIV/Aids é angustiante por lembrar as mortes ocorridas em decorrência da Aids no passado; 2 que no tempo vivido surgem sentidos relacionados à percepção de que as vulnerabilidades programática e social influenciaram na vulnerabilidade individual, dada a ausência de empoderamento por parte dos jovens, que a feminização do HIV/Aids é decorrente dos sentidos atrelados ao amor romântico e à desigualdade de gênero na relação marital e que o preconceito construído socialmente nos anos iniciais da epidemia ainda hoje se materializam em forma de discriminação e estigmatização e; 3 que no tempo curto surgem sentidos relacionados à percepção de que o medo ao preconceito impacta nas ações cotidianas dos jovens, que é preciso estruturar estratégias de enfrentamento, muitas vezes por meio da omissão do diagnóstico e que mesmo vivendo com HIV/Aids os participantes compreendem o futuro como um processo em construção, sendo possível ter esperanças. Nesse contexto, conclui-se que as estratégias para limitar o impacto da epidemia deverão ter, ao mesmo tempo, alcance social e estrutural, dependerão da ação de governos, movimentos sociais organizados e de organismos de Direitos Humanos e de Saúde e que deverão, além de desenvolver programas de prevenção, apresentar ações eficazes no combate ao preconceito construído socialmente ao redor do tema HIV/Aids.

Cette thèse a pour objectif de proposer un cadre global dans l’étude de l’influence des conséquences identitaires du chômage sur la réinsertion professionnelle. La Partie I propose une revue de littérature ancrée dans les théories du Soi, et pointe l’intérêt de la prise en compte de la perspective future dans l’étude du chômage et de la réinsertion. La Partie II s’intéresse aux stéréotypes des demandeurs d’emploi (Manuscrit 1) et montre l’influence négative du chômage sur les concepts de soi actuels et futurs de ces personnes (Manuscrit 2). Elle traite aussi de l’influence des processus d’identification actuelle à l’endogroupe et future à l’exogroupe de salariés (Manuscrit 3) sur le pessimisme. Un dernier manuscrit œuvre à déterminer différents profils d’identification et leur impact sur le stress (Shortnote 1). Les études présentées dans la partie III sont centrées sur les antécédents de la recherche d’emploi. Un premier manuscrit présente la validation d’une nouvelle mesure, celle de motivation à (re)travailler (Manuscrit 4). Deux autres manuscrits s’intéressent au construit de Considération pour les Conséquences Futures, le premier en proposant une validation française de l’outil (Manuscrit 5) et un second ayant pour but de montrer l’intérêt d’étudier ce construit à un niveau contextuel (Manuscrit 6). Ces deux nouvelles mesures permettent de proposer un modèle temporel de la recherche d’emploi présenté dans un dernier document (Shortnote 2). Enfin, la Partie IV présente les premiers éléments statuant de l’influence de l’identification sur le modèle de la recherche d’emploi. Une discussion sur les apports et les ouvertures de ce travail doctoral conclut ce document. / This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive framework in the study of identity consequences of unemployment on vocational rehabilitation. Part I offers a review of the literature rooted in the theories of the Self, and points to the interest of taking into account future time perspective in the study of unemployment and reintegration. Part II takes an interest in the jobseekers’ stereotypes (Manuscript 1) and shows the negative impact of unemployment on current and future self-concepts of jobseekers (Manuscript 2). It also deals with the influence of identification processes –actual to the in-group and future to the out-group of workers- on the pessimism of job-seekers (Manuscript 3). A last manuscript aims at identifying specific identification profiles and study their impact on perceived stress (Shortnote 1). Studies presented in Part III focus on job search antecedents. A first manuscript presents the creation and validation of a new measure of the motivation to work again (manuscript 4). Two other manuscripts deal with another important construct – the Consideration for Future Consequences-, the first with the objective of validating a version of the tool in French (Manuscript 5) and the second with the aim of showing the interest to consider this construct at a contextual level of generality (Manuscript 6). Those two new measures helped to test for a temporal model of job search that is presented in a last manuscript (Shortnote 2). The fourth part focuses her to present the first elements which argue in favor of identification influence on the temporal job search model. A discussion on the contributions and openings of this doctoral work concludes this document.

Le présent travail développe une approche sociocognitive de la Perspective Temporelle Future (PTF), tel que ce construit est mesuré par l’échelle ZTPI (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999). L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser la normativité de ce construit et d’explorer les dimensions liées à l’expérience du temps psychologique futur. Une démarche de triangulation a été menée dans une double perspective : produire une analyse multi-niveaux de la normativité associée à la PTF et développer une réflexion théorico-méthodologique concernant la mesure de ce construit. Une première série d’études expérimentales mobilisant l’approche sociocognitive des normes sociales (Dubois, 2003) démontre une valorisation importante de la PTF dans des contextes évaluatifs. Une seconde série d’études utilisant une méthodologie mixte (paradigmes des juges et construits socio-représentationnels) analyse les dynamiques normatives de la PTF dans des situations socialement marquées (i.e. contexte de santé). Enfin, une recherche socio-représentationnelle par entretien étudie l’expérience du temps psychologique futur en tant que forme d’expérience sociale (Jodelet, 2006). En envisageant la PTF sous différentes perspectives sociocognitives, ces travaux apportent une contribution au domaine de recherche du rapport au temps (mesure de la PTF et fonctionnements idéologiques). D’autre part, ce travail pose les bases d’une approche sociocognitive de la PTF en tant que norme sociale. / The present work develops a sociocognitive approach of Future Time Perspective (FTP), as this construct is measured by the ZTPI scale (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999). The aim of this thesis is the analysis of this construct’s normativity and the exploration of the dimensions related to future psychological time experience. A triangulation approach has been conducted in a double perspective: its aim is to produce a multi-level analysis of normativity associated to FTP as well as to develop a theoretical and methodological thought on this construct’s measurement. A first series of experimental studies using the sociocognitive approach to social norms (Dubois, 2003) reveals an important value of FTP in evaluative contexts. A second series of studies using mixt methodology (judge paradigms and socio-representational constructs) analyses FTP’s normative dynamics in socially relevant situations (i.e. health context). Finally, a socio-representational research with interviews focuses on future psychological time experience as a form of social experience (Jodelet, 2006). Considering FTP under several sociocognitive perspectives, this thesis contributes towards the research field on relation to time (FTP measurement and ideological logics). This work lays also the foundation of a sociocognitive approach of FTP as a social norm.