In this study, optimization of a transformation and regeneration system via indirect organogenesis in cotyledonary petiole tissue of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) was investigated. Eight different medium types differing in their plant growth regulator compositions were employed to examine the callus induction potency of cotyledonary petiole. Except two, all other tested medium yielded more than 80% callus induction. Nine different medium types were studied to test the potencies of callus structures for shoot induction. Only the callus induced in medium H (1 mg/L Zeatin riboside + 1 mg/L Naphthalane acetic acid) yielded shoots at 8 to 40 % frequency. The most responsive medium was MS basal medium with no growth regulators. Also five and three different medium types were employed to examine callus induction potency of epicotyl tissues respectively. Each medium type yielded 90% callus induction. Only the callus induced in medium H yielded shoots At 6 to 26% frequency. Preliminary studies were carried out for somatic embryogenesis in cotyledonary petiole. Effects of salicylic acid on somatic embryogenesis were also investigated. Salicylic acid at 200&micro / M was found to enhance the percentage of somatic embryos by 25 % and reduce the necrosis 24 %. However none of the globular and heart shape embryos were able to regenerate. Transient GUS expression efficiencies of roots, shoot tips, and cotyledonary petioles were tested after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transformation frequencies were 26, 74, and 38 % for cotyledonary petiole, shoot tips, and roots respectively.

Orientador: Tatiane Maria Rodrigues / Resumo: Os táxons pertencentes ao complexo Eriosema campestre Benth. (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae) apresentam problemas taxonômicos decorrentes da uniformidade das características morfológicas de seus membros, o que dificulta sua identificação. Atualmente, E. campestre é composta por três variedades (E. campestre var. campestre, E. campestre var. delicatula e E. campestre var. macrophyllum), que são diferenciadas principalmente por caracteres relativos ao comprimento dos indumentos foliares e a morfologia do limbo foliolar. Entretanto, a dificuldade de delimitação dos três táxons provocada pelas semelhanças morfológicas, associadas à falta de estudos anatômicos e morfológicos detalhados, tem levado à identificação errônea de seus exemplares em herbários nacionais e estrangeiros. Com o objetivo de buscar subsídios para uma clara delimitação dos táxons deste grupo, a morfologia externa do eixo vegetativo e os aspectos anatômicos de folhas dos três táxons de E. campestre, com ênfase nos tricomas glandulares, foram analisados. As três variedades de E. campestre apresentaram diferenças na morfologia externa, principalmente quanto ao formato dos folíolos e estípulas, conação de estípulas e região de ramificação do sistema subterrâneo intumescido. Anatomicamente, apresentaram diferenças na nervura principal do limbo foliar (formato da região e presença de idioblastos fenólicos no floema) e pecíolo (contorno do órgão e disposição dos tecidos vasculares). Quanto aos tricomas glandula... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The taxa belonging to the complex Eriosema campestre Benth. (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae) have some taxonomic problems due to the uniformity of morphological characteristics of their members, making their identification difficulty. Currently E. campestre is composed by three varieties (E. campestre var. campestre, E. campestre var. delicatula and E. campestre var. macrophyllum), which are mainly distinguished by characters related to the length of leaflet indumenta and the leaflet blade morphology. However, the difficulty of delimiting those three taxa is caused by morphological similarities associated with the lack of anatomical and morphological detailed studies, which has led to erroneous identification of their specimens in national and foreign herbaria. In order to obtain subsides for a clear definition of those taxa of the group the external morphology of vegetative axis and the anatomical aspects of leaves for those three taxa of E. campestre, emphasizing on glandular trichomes, were analyzed. The three varieties of E. campestre presented differences on their external morphology, mainly concerning the leaflets and stipules shapes, stipules fusion and branching regions of the swollen subterranean system. Anatomically, varieties showed differences in the leaf midrib (shape and presence of phenolic idioblasts in the phloem) and petiole (organ contour and shape of vascular tissue). Concerning the glandular trichomes, in addition to morphotypes common among the stu... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The production of grapes depends on the soil where the grape grown where it absorbs water and nutrients necessary for their development. High levels lead to a sharp growth, while in poor soils with low fertility and there is development of short internodes and leaves small. Searching a solution to this problem is proposed this work, with the aim of suggesting standards of nitrogen for different conditions of cultivation of the garden, through the determination of different fractions of nitrogen during growth: flowering, 30 days after flowering, "vèraison ", harvest and fermentation, in three varieties viníferas: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot noir. Total Nitrogen was analyzed through micro-Kjedahl method. Ammonia and assimilable nitrogen were determined distillation and titration with formaldehyde, respectively. For a variety Cabernet Sauvignon, the values of total nitrogen were: in flowering 1,3 g %, 30 days after the flowering 0,58 %; in "vèraison" 264,2 mg/L and harvest 303,7 mg/L. The values of ammoniacal nitrogen were 126,3 mg/L in "vèraison" and 46,6 mg/L in harvest, while assimilable nitrogen was of 101,0 mg/L and 131,0 mg/L, for the same period. For Merlot variety, total nitrogen was 1,24 g % in flowering; 0,64 g % 30 DAF; 209,4 mg/L in "vèraison" and 327,8 mg/L in harvest. Ammoniacal nitrogen was 86,3 and 25,5 mg/L for "vèraison" and harvest, respectively, while assimilable nitrogen was of 67,0 and 86,0 mg/L, for the same period. For Pinot noir, total nitrogen was 1,65 and 0,57 g % in flowering and 30 DAF, respectively; 95,3 mg/L in "vèraison" and 140,9 mg/L in the harvest. For the ammoniacal nitrogen, the figures were 36,0 and 18,1 mg/L in the "vèraison" and the harvest, in that order, whereas, for the amount assimilable nitrogen was of 56,0 and 63,3 mg/L for the same period. Three varieties were similar during vegetative cycle and fermentation, however, the smaller quantities of total nitrogen at harvest, for Pinot noir lead us to suggest a nitrogen fertilization in the period between 30 and DAF "vèraison". / A produção de uvas de qualidade para fabricação de vinhos depende diretamente do solo onde a videira é cultivada e de onde esta absorve água e nutrientes necessários ao seu desenvolvimento. Teores muito elevados levam a um crescimento vegetativo acentuado, enquanto que em solos pobres e com baixa fertilidade há desenvolvimento de entrenós curtos e folhas pequenas. A fim de solucionar este problema foi proposto o presente trabalho, com a finalidade de sugerir padrões de nitrogênio para diferentes condições de cultivo do parreiral, através da determinação de diferentes frações de nitrogênio durante o ciclo vegetativo: floração, 30 dias após a floração, vèraison , colheita e fermentação, em três variedades viníferas: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot e Pinot noir. Nitrogênio total foi analisado através do método micro-Kjedahl. Amônia e nitrogênio assimilável foram determinados através de destilação por arraste de vapor e titulação com formaldeído, respectivamente. Para a variedade Cabernet Sauvignon, os valores de nitrogênio total foram: na floração 1,3 g %; 30 dias após a floração 0,58 %; no vèraison 264,2 mg/L e na colheita 303,7 mg/L. Os valores de nitrogênio amoniacal foram 126,3 mg/L no vèraison e 46,6 mg/L na colheita, enquanto que a quantidade de nitrogênio assimilável foi de 101,0 mg/L e 131,1 mg/L, para o mesmo período. Para a variedade Merlot, a quantidade de nitrogênio total foi de 1,24 g % na floração; 0,64 g % 30 DAF; 209,4 mg/L no vèraison e 327,8 mg/L na colheita. Para o nitrogênio amoniacal foram encontrados 86,3 e 25,5 mg/L para vèraison e colheita, respectivamente, enquanto que a quantidade de nitrogênio assimilável foi de 67,0 e 86,0 mg/L, para o mesmo período. Já para a variedade Pinot noir, as quantidades de nitrogênio total foram: 1,65 e 0,57 g % na floração e 30 DAF, respectivamente; 95,3 mg/L no vèraison e 140,9 mg/L na colheita. Para o nitrogênio amoniacal, os valores foram de 36,0 e 18,1 mg/L no vèraison e na colheita, nesta ordem, enquanto que, para o nitrogênio assimilável a quantidade foi de 56,0 e 63,3 mg/L para o mesmo período de coleta. O comportamento das três variedades foi semelhante durante as diferentes fases do ciclo vegetativo e na fermentação, entretanto, as menores quantidades de nitrogênio total no momento da colheita, para a variedade Pinot noir nos levam a sugerir uma adubação nitrogenada no período entre 30 DAF e o vèraison .

Plants are exposed to various external stresses influencing physiology, anatomy, and morphology. Shape, geometry, and size of shoots and leaves are particularly affected. Among the latter, peltate leaves are not very common and so far, only few studies focused on their properties. In this case study, four Begonia species with different leaf shapes and petiole attachment points were analyzed regarding their leaf morphology, anatomy, and biomechanical properties. One to two plants per species were examined. In all four species, the petiole showed differently sized vascular bundles arranged in a peripheral ring and subepidermal collenchyma. These anatomical characteristics, low leaf dry mass, and low amount of lignified tissue in the petiole point toward turgor pressure as crucial for leaf stability. The petiole-lamina transition zone shows a different organization in leaves with a more central (peltate) and lateral petiole insertion. While in non-peltate leaves simple fiber branching is present, peltate leaves show a more complex reticulate fiber arrangement. Tensile and bending tests revealed similar structural Young’s moduli in all species for intercostal areas and venation, but differences in the petiole. The analysis of the leaves highlights the properties of petiole and the petiole-lamina transition zone that are needed to resist external stresses.