The current study investigated the process of change underlying two different evidence-based treatments that yield similar outcome effectiveness in the treatment of depression: Cognitive Therapy (CT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT). The phase model of psychotherapeutic change (Howard et al., 1993) change is used to provide both a theoretical and practical framework in which to assess different patterns of change across the treatment modalities. The phase model posits that recovery from distress occurs in three sequential stages: remoralization, remediation and rehabilitation. CT can be conceptualized as a treatment in which the primary focus is on the treatment of symptoms (remediation), whereas IPT can typically be conceptualized as focusing on interpersonal conflicts and functioning (rehabilitation). The study utilized the TDCRP dataset (Elkin et al., 1985). Survival analysis indicated no significant difference in terms of onset or pattern of improvement across treatment orientations. Chi square analyses indicated individuals treated with IPT spend significantly more time engaged in rehabilitation compared to their CT counterparts. Taken together, these findings represent evidence that the process of therapeutic change is similar, if not virtually identical, across therapeutic orientation. The analyses also indicate that the phases of therapy may not necessarily be mutually exclusive and sequential, but may instead represent co-occurring patterns of improvement which are not sequentially determined.

Given the alarmingly high rates of premature termination in training clinics, research aimed at understanding the course of change and treatment outcomes in training clinics deserves considerable attention. Additionally, more research is needed to understand the effectiveness of psychotherapy training and whether more training is actually associated with better client outcomes. Thus, this study sought to investigate whether clinicians' level of training and experience were related to a variety of clients' outcomes (e.g., well-being, symptom reduction, and life functioning) based on the phase model of psychotherapy. Unfortunately, confirmatory factor analysis of the OQ45.2 did not support the three-factor conceptual model paralleling the phase model. Rather, a two-factor model of best fit was identified. Neither clinicians' level of clinical training nor therapeutic orientation were found to be related to client improvements. However, this finding may have been attenuated by limited variance in client outcomes. Implications for clinical training and future outcome research methodologies are discussed.

The thermal conductivity of various porous thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems used in elevated temperature for industrial applications has been evaluated using a proposed six-phase model. These porous TBC systems rely on microstructural properties and yield different types of porosity. These microstructural properties can influence the thermal conductivity of TBC systems. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the thermal conductivity of TBC systems based on microstructural attributes, particularly the effect of different types of porosity. Thus, the first component of this thesis investigates the microstructural characterization of various TBC systems using image analysis (IA) technique. In this technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light optical microscopy (LOM) micrographs were used to measure the porosity level of different TBC materials. The volumetric fraction of porosity along with orientation, shape, and morphology have a considerable impact on the total thermal conductivity of TBCs. The second component of this thesis evaluates the thermal conductivity of these porous TBC systems by taking into account the effect of the heat treatment process. The IA results reveal that as long as the porosity content increases, the thermal conductivity decreases for all of the TBC materials studied in this thesis. Further, while the content of microcracks and non-flat porosity play a crucial role in reducing the thermal conductivity of TBC materials, the other types of porosity (open randomly oriented, penny-shaped, and interlamellar) exert less impact on the thermal conductivity of TBCs. Comparing the results of the proposed six-phase model to experimental values and finite element analysis (FEA) values showed a relatively good agreement. The proposed six-phase model can predict the thermal conductivity of porous microstructure of TBC systems close to real measured values; therefore, the proposed six-phase model may be utilized to fabricate the porous microstructure of TBCs.

The aim of this study is to re-contextualize prior negotiation theory emanating from the field of communications in a unique contemporary setting. The research focuses on the Canadian residential telecommunications sector, where the dominant business model involves the use of a rather peculiar variable pricing strategy, which has compelled a proportion of consumers to adopt competitive negotiation strategies. Through a series of three focus groups, the project gleans insight into the participants’ experiences and perceptions of the telecommunications procurement process. Based on prior theoretical assumptions and on this original research, the study tests the appropriateness of descriptive phase models of negotiation in the Canadian telecommunications industry, providing a new dimension to the nascent body of academic research in this area.

The aim of this study is to re-contextualize prior negotiation theory emanating from the field of communications in a unique contemporary setting. The research focuses on the Canadian residential telecommunications sector, where the dominant business model involves the use of a rather peculiar variable pricing strategy, which has compelled a proportion of consumers to adopt competitive negotiation strategies. Through a series of three focus groups, the project gleans insight into the participants’ experiences and perceptions of the telecommunications procurement process. Based on prior theoretical assumptions and on this original research, the study tests the appropriateness of descriptive phase models of negotiation in the Canadian telecommunications industry, providing a new dimension to the nascent body of academic research in this area.

In this thesis, trajectory computations of chaff particles ejected from a medium weight utility helicopter are performed using computational fluid dynamics. Since these chaff particles are ejected from a helicopter and carried by its flow field, it is necessary to compute and include the effects of the helicopter flow field in general and engine hot gases, main and tail rotor wakes in particular. The commercial code FLUENT is used for flow field and trajectory computations. Both main rotor and tail rotor are simulated by the so-called Virtual Blade Model in a transient fashion. Flows through the engine inlets and exhausts are treated via appropriate boundary conditions in the analysis. The generic ROBIN geometry is studied first in order to assess the accuracy of the Virtual Blade Model and various turbulence models. The computational solutions related to the ROBIN geometry are validated against the available experimental data. Flowfield and trajectory computations of chaff particles are done at a forward flight condition at which certain flight data and chaff trajectory data were acquired by ASELSAN, Inc. In the flight test, three successive chaff decoy ejections were conducted, and the chaff cloud distributions were recorded by two high-speed cameras positioned on two different locations on the helicopter. Numerical calculations employ the post-processed camera recordings for setting the initial distributions of the chaff particles. Then, the computational results related to the chaff particle trajectories are validated by comparing to the recorded transient chaff cloud distributions from the ASELSAN flight test. For post-processing of the recorded chaff distributions, an experimental analysis commercial code called TrackEye is used. It is found that the numerical simulations capture the trends of chaff particle distributions reasonably well.

The aim of this study is to re-contextualize prior negotiation theory emanating from the field of communications in a unique contemporary setting. The research focuses on the Canadian residential telecommunications sector, where the dominant business model involves the use of a rather peculiar variable pricing strategy, which has compelled a proportion of consumers to adopt competitive negotiation strategies. Through a series of three focus groups, the project gleans insight into the participants’ experiences and perceptions of the telecommunications procurement process. Based on prior theoretical assumptions and on this original research, the study tests the appropriateness of descriptive phase models of negotiation in the Canadian telecommunications industry, providing a new dimension to the nascent body of academic research in this area.

Com a finalidade de estudar processos de fratura em concreto simples, este trabalho propõe uma escala intermediária de análise. Sendo assim, é apresentado um modelo simplificado de duas fases, o qual representa alguns elementos da microestrutra do concreto. Uma fase representa os agregados e a outra a matriz de cimento. Os agregados são considerados elástico-lineares e são representados pelos elementos finitos. Toda a não-linearidade do concreto e do processo de fratura é considerada na matriz de cimento. Tal fase é representada por interfaces coesivas, de espessura zero, entre os elementos finitos. Enquanto o modelo considera propriedades microscópicas do concreto como entrada, tem-se o comportamento macroscópico da estrutura como saída, o que é uma grande vantagem da escala proposta. Efeitos como a relação água/cimento e a densidade de agregados são introduzidos no modelo. Os resultados mostram que o modelo é capaz de captar, pelo menos qualitativamente, efeitos os quais somente são possíveis de obter com um modelo de três fases. / An intermediate scale of analysis is proposed here in order to study the fracture of plain concrete. A simplified two phases model is proposed as a concrete microstructure. One phase is the aggregate and other is the cement matrix. Aggregate is considered elastic linear and is represented by finite elements. All the non-linearity of the concrete and the fracture process is considered in the cement matrix. This phase is represented by a zero thickness cohesive interface between finite elements. While the model considers microscopic properties of the concrete as input, it delivers the macroscopic behavior of the structure as output, which is a great advantage of the proposed scale. Effects like water-cement ratio and density of aggregates are introduced in the model. Results show the model is able to capture, at least qualitatively, effects only possible to obtain by a three phases model.

Com a finalidade de estudar processos de fratura em concreto simples, este trabalho propõe uma escala intermediária de análise. Sendo assim, é apresentado um modelo simplificado de duas fases, o qual representa alguns elementos da microestrutra do concreto. Uma fase representa os agregados e a outra a matriz de cimento. Os agregados são considerados elástico-lineares e são representados pelos elementos finitos. Toda a não-linearidade do concreto e do processo de fratura é considerada na matriz de cimento. Tal fase é representada por interfaces coesivas, de espessura zero, entre os elementos finitos. Enquanto o modelo considera propriedades microscópicas do concreto como entrada, tem-se o comportamento macroscópico da estrutura como saída, o que é uma grande vantagem da escala proposta. Efeitos como a relação água/cimento e a densidade de agregados são introduzidos no modelo. Os resultados mostram que o modelo é capaz de captar, pelo menos qualitativamente, efeitos os quais somente são possíveis de obter com um modelo de três fases. / An intermediate scale of analysis is proposed here in order to study the fracture of plain concrete. A simplified two phases model is proposed as a concrete microstructure. One phase is the aggregate and other is the cement matrix. Aggregate is considered elastic linear and is represented by finite elements. All the non-linearity of the concrete and the fracture process is considered in the cement matrix. This phase is represented by a zero thickness cohesive interface between finite elements. While the model considers microscopic properties of the concrete as input, it delivers the macroscopic behavior of the structure as output, which is a great advantage of the proposed scale. Effects like water-cement ratio and density of aggregates are introduced in the model. Results show the model is able to capture, at least qualitatively, effects only possible to obtain by a three phases model.

Com a finalidade de estudar processos de fratura em concreto simples, este trabalho propõe uma escala intermediária de análise. Sendo assim, é apresentado um modelo simplificado de duas fases, o qual representa alguns elementos da microestrutra do concreto. Uma fase representa os agregados e a outra a matriz de cimento. Os agregados são considerados elástico-lineares e são representados pelos elementos finitos. Toda a não-linearidade do concreto e do processo de fratura é considerada na matriz de cimento. Tal fase é representada por interfaces coesivas, de espessura zero, entre os elementos finitos. Enquanto o modelo considera propriedades microscópicas do concreto como entrada, tem-se o comportamento macroscópico da estrutura como saída, o que é uma grande vantagem da escala proposta. Efeitos como a relação água/cimento e a densidade de agregados são introduzidos no modelo. Os resultados mostram que o modelo é capaz de captar, pelo menos qualitativamente, efeitos os quais somente são possíveis de obter com um modelo de três fases. / An intermediate scale of analysis is proposed here in order to study the fracture of plain concrete. A simplified two phases model is proposed as a concrete microstructure. One phase is the aggregate and other is the cement matrix. Aggregate is considered elastic linear and is represented by finite elements. All the non-linearity of the concrete and the fracture process is considered in the cement matrix. This phase is represented by a zero thickness cohesive interface between finite elements. While the model considers microscopic properties of the concrete as input, it delivers the macroscopic behavior of the structure as output, which is a great advantage of the proposed scale. Effects like water-cement ratio and density of aggregates are introduced in the model. Results show the model is able to capture, at least qualitatively, effects only possible to obtain by a three phases model.