The ability to monitor client change in psychotherapy over time is vital to quality assurance in service delivery as well as the continuing improvement of psychotherapy research. Unfortunately, there is not currently a comprehensive, affordable, and easily utilized outcome measure for psychotherapy specifically normed and standardized for use in psychology training clinics. The current study took the first steps in creating such an outcome measure. Following development of an item bank, factor analysis and item-response theory analyses were applied to data gathered from a stratified sample of university (n = 101) and community (n = 261) participants. The factor structure did not support a phase model conceptualization, but did reveal a structure consistent with the theoretical framework of the research domain criteria (RDoC). Suggestions for next steps in the measure development process are provided and implications discussed.

The thesis "Critical thinking and its application in libraries", aims to become familiar with the term "critical thinking". It informs about the program Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking and its Czech version. It represents some of the modern teaching methods, which are generated by its ideas and principles. It deals mainly with the description of activating methods, which are crucial for the program. The methods are divided into three groups according to whether they use more reading, writing and discussion. The practical part deals with the preparation of information education lessons in which methods are applied to developing critical thinking. The lessons are divided into three parts, according to a three-phase model of learning - evocation, awareness of the importance and reflection. Model lessons are adapted to the university library. As the lecture topics have been selected areas of critical thinking, information smog, invisible web, the credibility of information retrieval techniques and information security.

Cette thèse traite de la modélisation des tsunamis, des grandes échelles de propagation aux impacts sur desstructures côtières. Un inventaire des phénomènes physiques associés est établi et des modèles adéquats sontprésentés. Une étude numérique avec le modèle de Saint-Venant est effectuée avec le développement d’uneméthode de raffinement de maillage à seuil automatique. La simplicité et les performances de l’approche sontdémontrées. Pour améliorer la précision des prévisions, un système original approchant le modèle Serre-Green-Nahgdi est investigué. Une méthode pour prendre en compte la dissipation d’énergie au déferlement estproposée. Ce modèle permet d’envisager la modélisation fine de la propagation et de l’arrivée à la côte destsunamis dispersifs et non linéaires en des temps de calcul acceptables. Les différents types d’impact sur desstructures sont modélisés grâce à un modèle diphasique compressible permettant de considérer les écoulementsà phases séparées et les milieux aérés. Pour envisager une résolution à tous les régimes, des schémas TousMach sont investigués. Un schéma Tous Mach à variation totale limitée est proposé. Grâce à cette approche,des impacts incompressibles et compressibles sont investigués avec le même modèle. Les impactsd’écoulements aérés induisent des pressions moins élevées mais sur des temps plus longs que leurshomologues en phases pures. Bien que le schéma Tous Mach proposé soit moins sujet aux oscillationsnumériques que les préconditionnements classiques de la littérature, des oscillations non physiques à basnombre de Mach sont mises en évidence sur certains cas tests. Pour finir, une méthode de couplage entremodèles de propagation et d’impact est proposée, afin de pouvoir simuler un tsunami finement avec desmodèles appropriés à chacune de ces phases. / This thesis deals with tsunami modeling, from the large propagation scales to impacts on coastal structures. Aninventory of the associated physical phenomena is given and some adequat models are presented. A numericalstudy is carried out with the Saint-Venant model with the devellopment of an automatic refinment adaptivemesh method. The resolution efficiency and simplicity is justified. To increase the accuracy forecasts, anoriginal system which approximates the Serre-Green-Naghdi model is investigated. A breaking wave methodassociated with this model is proposed. This dissipative model allows thinking about accurate dispersive nonlinear tsunamis simulations up to the coast. Several wave impacts on stuctures are investigated with a generaltwo-phase model allowing separate phases as well as aerated impact studies. The all Mach regime numericaldifficulties are investigated. A new all Mach scheme with limited total variation bound is proposed. Thanks tothis approach, incompressible and compressible impacts are investigated with the same model. Aerated impactsare shown to give smaller impact pressure but on longer time than pure fluid impacts. In spite that the all Machscheme proposed reduces the numerical oscillations of classical literature preconditionning, some unphysicaloscillations are highlighted on some test cases. At the end, a coupling method is proposed in order to accuratlymodel the propagation and the impact of a tsunami with appropriated models for each phases.

Gas atomization is regarded as a reliable method for creating high-quality metal powders from molten metal. The liquid metal is fed into the chamber as a free-falling stream through a nozzle, where it is impinged by high-velocity gas jets, causing degeneration and production of metal droplets, which solidify to create metal powders. As the metal droplets fall lower towards the collection hoopers, the solidification process begins. As a result, having a strong handle on the process parameters helps to produce metal powders that are fine, spheroidized, and have good characteristics. A free fall atomizer with twelve discrete nozzles, having a cylindrical internal profile, arranged in two different levels has been employed to introduce high-velocity gas jets into the chamber, for the current study. A cross-sectional sketch created by Uddeholm AB provided the geometric dimensions, and CFD was used to generate a simulation experiment for the system. Fluent setup input values were derived from literature data. The primary objective of the study is to analyze the influence of varying inlet pressure and the number of discrete gas jet nozzles, on the flow behavior of the atomizing gas. Additionally, the Discrete Phase Model approach was adopted to study the interaction of particles with the gas flow. The simulation model was validated by carrying out the visualization experiment, Schlieren imaging. From the study, it was realized that the results of the numerical model showed a mismatch relative to the experimental value. This can be attributed to the discretization technique, input parameters and the numerical model employed in this study. However, the parametric study provided a qualitative analysis regarding the influence of input parameters on flow behavior. It was studied that with increasing the inlet pressure and number of discrete nozzles there is a subsequent increase in the maximum velocity attained by the atomizing gas, resulting in a decrease in velocity of melt introduced into the system. Additionally, a radial pressure gradient was observed to be present that increased in accordance with the parameters, resulting in reduction of the melt film thickness produced during pre-filming mechanism. However, the Discrete Phase Model provided evidence that with increment in the gas to melt ratio, the number of particles that get dispersed to make collision with the domain wall increased. Thus, a subsequent increase in downstream velocity was required to maintain the particles within the domain walls as the study parameters were increased. / Gasatomisering betraktas vara en tillförlitlig metod för att skapa högkvalitativt metallpulver från smält metall. Den flytande metallen matas in i en kammare som en fri fallande ström genom ett munstycke, där den trycks in av höghastighetsstrålar. Vilket skapar en degeneration och en bildandet av metalldroppar som stelnar till att metallpulver kan skapas. Stelningsprocessen börjar när metalldropparna faller emot uppsamlingsbågarna. Ett fint och sfärisk metall metallpulver med goda egenskaper kan produceras genom att ha en god kontroll på processparametrarna. I denna studie har en ”Free Fall Atomizer” med tolv diskreta munstycken med en cylindrisk profil arrangerade i två olika nivåer använts för att introducera höghastighetsstrålar i kammaren. De geometriska dimensionerna var försedda från en ritning i tvärsnitt skapad av Uddeholms AB och samt användes en CFD för att generera ett simulationsexperiment av systemet. Ingångsvärden för inställningarna av flödena härleddes från litteraturdata. Huvudsyftet med studien var att studera flödesbeteendet av den atomiserande gasen genom att analysera inflytandet av att variera ingångstrycket och antalet diskreta gasstrålmunstycken. Dessutom togs det till en diskret fasmodell för att studera partiklarnas interaktion med gasflödet. Simulationsmodellen validerades genom att utföra ett visualiseringsexperiment genom Schlierenfotografering. Det framgick i studien att den numeriska modellens resultat inte stämde överens med det experimentella värdet. Detta kan attribueras till diskretiseringstekniken, inmatningsparametrarna och den numeriska modellen som användes i studien. Hur som helst försedde den parametriska studien en kvalitativ analys angående inflytandet av inmatningsparametrarna på flödesbeteendet. Det framgick att en ökning av ingångstrycket och av antalet av diskreta munstycken gav en påföljande ökning i den maximala hastigheten som den atomiserande gasen kan erhålla. Vilket resulterar till en sänkning av hastigheten av smältan som introduceras till systemet. Dessutom observerades en radiell tryckgradient vara närvarande som ökade i enlighet med parametrarna. Det resulterade i en reduktion av smältfilmtjockleken som producerades under förfilmingsmekaniskmen. Trots det visade den diskreta fasmodellen att en ökning av gas till smältförhållandet också ökade antalet partiklar som sprids vidare för att kollidera med domänväggen. Således krävdes en påföljande ökning av nedströmningshastigheten för att bibehålla partiklarna inom domänväggar när studiens parametrar ökade.

My diploma thesis is focused to innovative approaches in primary schools, and specifically the methods of critical thinking. It describes the theoretical basis of methods of critical thinking, dealing with three-phase model of learning and program Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking. This thesis treats individual critical thinking methods used in conventional lessons non- specialist primary schools. The empirical part of the action research was conducted in the Lauder school in Prague, where the author works as the class teacher. Investigations Research investig of pupils author explores how specific methods is using in the classroom perceive subjectively by pupils. Form of a questionnaire aimed at teachers find out how often teachers use these methods into their lessons, and if the methods of critical thinking are actually effective. The data obtained from the empirical investigation are presented in written and graphical form and are interpreted with regard to the theoretical background of this thesis.

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Heat transfer and solidification models were developed for use in a numerical model of a continuous caster to provide a means of predicting how the developing shell would react under variable operating conditions. Measurement data of the operating conditions leading up to a breakout occurrence were provided by an industrial collaborator and were used to define the model boundary conditions. Steady-state and transient simulations were conducted, using boundary conditions defined from time-averaged measurement data. The predicted shell profiles demonstrated good agreement with thickness measurements of a breakout shell segment – recovered from the quarter-width location. Further examination of the results with measurement data suggests pseudo-steady assumption may be inadequate for modeling shell and flow field transition period following sudden changes in casting speed. An adaptive mesh refinement procedure was established to increase refinement in areas of predicted shell growth and to remove excess refinement from regions containing only liquid. A control algorithm was developed and employed to automate the refinement procedure in a proof-of-concept simulation. The use of adaptive mesh refinement was found to decrease the total simulation time by approximately 11% from the control simulation – using a static mesh.

Dans un contexte industriel, l’utilisation de modèles diphasiques d’ordre réduit est nécessaire pour pouvoir effectuer des simulations numériques prédictives d’injection de combustible liquide dans les chambres de combustion automobiles et aéronautiques, afin de concevoir des équipements plus performants et moins polluants. Le processus d’atomisation du combustible, depuis sa sortie de l’injecteur sous un régime de phases séparées, jusqu’au brouillard de gouttelettes dispersées, est l’un des facteurs clés d’une combustion de bonne qualité. Aujourd’hui cependant, la prise en compte de toutes les échelles physiques impliquées dans ce processus nécessite une avancée majeure en termes de modélisation, de méthodes numériques et de calcul haute performance (HPC). Ces trois aspects sont abordés dans cette thèse. Premièrement, des modèles de mélange, dérivés par le principe variationnel de Hamilton et le second principe de la thermodynamique sont étudiés. Ils sont alors enrichis afin de pouvoir décrire des pulsations des interfaces au niveau de la sous-échelle. Des comparaisons avec des données expérimentales dans un contexte de milieux à bulles permettent de vérifier la cohérence physique des modèles et de valider la méthodologie. Deuxièmement, une stratégie de discrétisation est développée, basée sur une séparation d’opérateur, permettant la résolution indépendante de la partie convective des systèmes à l’aide de solveurs de Riemann approchés standards et les termes sources à l’aide d’intégrateurs d’équations différentielles ordinaires. Ces différentes méthodes répondent aux particularités des systèmes diphasiques compressibles, ainsi qu’au choix de l’utilisation de maillages adaptatifs (AMR). Pour ces derniers, une stratégie spécifique est développée : il s’agit du choix de critères de raffinement et de la projection de la solution d’une grille à une autre (plus fine ou plus grossière). Enfin, l’utilisation de l’AMR dans un cadre HPC est rendue possible grâce à la bibliothèque AMR p4est, laquelle a montré une excellente scalabilité jusqu’à plusieurs milliers de coeurs de calcul. Un code applicatif, CanoP, a été développé et permet de simuler des écoulements fluides avec des méthodes de volumes finis sur des maillages AMR. CanoP pourra être utilisé pour des futures simulations d’atomisation liquide. / In an industrial context, reduced-order two-phase models are used in predictive simulations of the liquid fuel injection in combustion chambers and help designing more efficient and less polluting devices. The combustion quality strongly depends on the atomization process, starting from the separated phase flow at the exit of the nozzle down to the cloud of fuel droplets characterized by a disperse-phase flow. Today, simulating all the physical scales involved in this process requires a major breakthrough in terms of modeling, numerical methods and high performance computing (HPC). These three aspects are addressed in this thesis. First, we are interested in mixture models, derived through Hamilton’s variational principle and the second principle of thermodynamics. We enrich these models, so that they can describe sub-scale pulsations mechanisms. Comparisons with experimental data in a context of bubbly flows enables to assess the models and the methodology. Based on a geometrical study of the interface evolution, new tracks are then proposed for further enriching the mixture models using the same methodology. Second, we propose a numerical strategy based on finite volume methods composed of an operator splitting strategy, approximate Riemann solvers for the resolution of the convective part and specific ODE solvers for the source terms. These methods have been adapted so as to handle several difficulties related to two-phase flows, like the large acoustic impedance ratio, the stiffness of the source terms and low-Mach issues. Moreover, a cell-based Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) strategy is considered. This involves to develop refinement criteria, the setting of the solution values on the new grids and to adapt the standard methods for regular structured grids to non-conforming grids. Finally, the scalability of this AMR tool relies on the p4est AMR library, that shows excellent scalability on several thousands cores. A code named CanoP has been developed and enables to solve fluid dynamics equations on AMR grids. We show that CanoP can be used for future simulations of the liquid atomization.

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