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This thesis discusses and documents the validation efforts related to Ontario’s LS-299 and LS-308 test methods which are two new test methods developed for the performance-based specification grading of asphalt cement. In addition, this report presents the field validation of a simple performance indicator, loss tangent, for specification grading of asphalt cement for thermal cracking. Furthermore, another objective of this study is to investigate and compare the low temperature fracture and rheological behavior of engineered asphalt materials from field and laboratory-aged test sections on Highway 655 in northern Ontario. Extracted asphalt cements from 20 contract sites in eastern and northeastern Ontario were tested according to Ontario’s LS-299 and LS-308 test methods. It was found that all good performing contracts that showed little or no distress showed low grade losses in LS-308 and retained high strain tolerances as measured in LS-299 compared to the poor performing contracts. Asphalt cements recovered from these 20 contract sites in eastern and northeastern Ontario were also tested in torsion bar geometry to determine their viscoelastic properties. It was decided to focus on the phase angle, as a more direct measure for low temperature performance. Phase angle is a very sensitive parameter to small changes in rheology as the phase angle is approximately equal to the derivative of the logarithm of the stiffness with respect to frequency. It was found that tan() was able to distinguish good from poor performers with 95% accuracy after only a short period of conditioning prior to testing. This is a considerable improvement over the current low temperature bending beam rheometer protocol. Black space diagrams, frequency sweeps, Cole-Cole plots, and master curves were generated for comparison of field and laboratory aged materials from the Highway 655 trial in northern Ontario. The findings show that chemical hardening occurs much faster in the field than through laboratory ageing methods. Also, reversible ageing of binders may occur at low temperatures and could be linked to field performance. Furthermore, a high low temperature phase angle appears to be a reasonable indicator for thermal cracking resistance. / Thesis (Master, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2009-08-28 15:12:29.845

abstract: A control method based on the phase angle is used to control oscillating systems. The phase oscillator uses the sine and cosine of the phase angle to change key properties of a mass-spring-damper system, including amplitude, frequency, and equilibrium. An inverted pendulum is used to show a further application of the phase oscillator. Two methods of control based on the phase oscillator are used for swing-up and balancing of the pendulum. The first control method involves two separate stages. The scenarios where this control works are discussed. The second control method uses variable coefficients to result in a smooth transition between swing-up and balancing. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 2015

Introdução: A Bioimpedância Elétrica (BIA) é um método fácil de usar, rápido, barato, não invasivo e de fácil reprodutibilidade utilizado para verificar as mudanças na composição corporal. O Ângulo de Fase (AF), obtido através da BIA, reflete a relativa contribuição dos fluidos e membranas para o corpo humano, sendo associado como um marcador prognóstico em diversas situações clínicas. Objetivos: Avaliar o AF como indicador de desfechos negativos em pacientes cirúrgicos (ocorrência de infecção e/ou morte e tempo de permanência hospitalar). Metodologia: Foram avaliados pacientes com idade de 18 a 80 anos internados no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre com indicação de cirurgia eletiva. As avaliações foram realizadas no momento da internação, 48 e 72 horas após a cirurgia. Foram avaliados peso, altura e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), estado nutricional através da Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global (ANSG) e Ângulo de Fase através da BIA. Resultados: Foram avaliados 142 pacientes, segundo o IMC, 59,2% dos pacientes foram classificados como eutróficos, 3,5% moderadamente desnutridos e 37,3% apresentaram algum grau obesidade. A avaliação por ANSG verificou que 76,1% dos pacientes estavam eutróficos, 23,2% moderadamente desnutridos e 0,7% desnutridos graves. Os baixos valores para o AF obtidos nas 3 avaliações não se apresentaram como indicadores de desfechos negativos em pacientes cirúrgicos. Conclusões: O AF não se demonstrou um indicador para desfechos negativos em pacientes cirúrgicos. / Introduction: Electrical Bioimpedance (BIA) is an easy to use, fast, inexpensive, noninvasive and highly reproducible used to verify the changes in body composition. The Phase Angle (PA), obtained by BIA reflects the relative contribution of fluid and membranes for the human body, being associated as a prognostic marker in various clinical situations. Objectives: To evaluate the AF as an indicator of negative outcomes in surgical patients. Methodology: We studied patients aged 18 to 80 years at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre with indication of elective surgery. Evaluations were performed at admission, 48 and 72 hours after surgery. Body weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI), nutritional status by Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Phase Angle through the BIA. Results: According to BMI, 59.2% of patients were classified as eutrophic, 3.5% moderately malnourished and 37.3% had some degree obesity. The assessment by SGA found that 76.1% of patients were eutrophic, 23.2% moderately malnourished and 0.7% severely malnourished. The low values obtained for the AF in three evaluations were not presented as indicators of negative outcomes in surgical patients. Conclusions: AF is not an indicator to show negative outcomes in surgical patients.

abstract: As the robotic industry becomes increasingly present in some of the more extreme environments such as the battle field, disaster sites or extraplanetary exploration, it will be necessary to provide locomotive niche strategies that are optimal to each terrain. The hopping gait has been well studied in robotics and proven to be a potential method to fit some of these niche areas. There have been some difficulties in producing terrain following controllers that maintain robust, steady state, which are disturbance resistant. The following thesis will discuss a controller which has shown the ability to produce these desired properties. A phase angle oscillator controller is shown to work remarkably well, both in simulation and with a one degree of freedom robotic test stand. Work was also done with an experimental quadruped with less successful results, but which did show potential for stability. Additional work is suggested for the quadruped. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 2015

Introdução: A Bioimpedância Elétrica (BIA) é um método fácil de usar, rápido, barato, não invasivo e de fácil reprodutibilidade utilizado para verificar as mudanças na composição corporal. O Ângulo de Fase (AF), obtido através da BIA, reflete a relativa contribuição dos fluidos e membranas para o corpo humano, sendo associado como um marcador prognóstico em diversas situações clínicas. Objetivos: Avaliar o AF como indicador de desfechos negativos em pacientes cirúrgicos (ocorrência de infecção e/ou morte e tempo de permanência hospitalar). Metodologia: Foram avaliados pacientes com idade de 18 a 80 anos internados no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre com indicação de cirurgia eletiva. As avaliações foram realizadas no momento da internação, 48 e 72 horas após a cirurgia. Foram avaliados peso, altura e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), estado nutricional através da Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global (ANSG) e Ângulo de Fase através da BIA. Resultados: Foram avaliados 142 pacientes, segundo o IMC, 59,2% dos pacientes foram classificados como eutróficos, 3,5% moderadamente desnutridos e 37,3% apresentaram algum grau obesidade. A avaliação por ANSG verificou que 76,1% dos pacientes estavam eutróficos, 23,2% moderadamente desnutridos e 0,7% desnutridos graves. Os baixos valores para o AF obtidos nas 3 avaliações não se apresentaram como indicadores de desfechos negativos em pacientes cirúrgicos. Conclusões: O AF não se demonstrou um indicador para desfechos negativos em pacientes cirúrgicos. / Introduction: Electrical Bioimpedance (BIA) is an easy to use, fast, inexpensive, noninvasive and highly reproducible used to verify the changes in body composition. The Phase Angle (PA), obtained by BIA reflects the relative contribution of fluid and membranes for the human body, being associated as a prognostic marker in various clinical situations. Objectives: To evaluate the AF as an indicator of negative outcomes in surgical patients. Methodology: We studied patients aged 18 to 80 years at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre with indication of elective surgery. Evaluations were performed at admission, 48 and 72 hours after surgery. Body weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI), nutritional status by Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Phase Angle through the BIA. Results: According to BMI, 59.2% of patients were classified as eutrophic, 3.5% moderately malnourished and 37.3% had some degree obesity. The assessment by SGA found that 76.1% of patients were eutrophic, 23.2% moderately malnourished and 0.7% severely malnourished. The low values obtained for the AF in three evaluations were not presented as indicators of negative outcomes in surgical patients. Conclusions: AF is not an indicator to show negative outcomes in surgical patients.

Introdução: A Bioimpedância Elétrica (BIA) é um método fácil de usar, rápido, barato, não invasivo e de fácil reprodutibilidade utilizado para verificar as mudanças na composição corporal. O Ângulo de Fase (AF), obtido através da BIA, reflete a relativa contribuição dos fluidos e membranas para o corpo humano, sendo associado como um marcador prognóstico em diversas situações clínicas. Objetivos: Avaliar o AF como indicador de desfechos negativos em pacientes cirúrgicos (ocorrência de infecção e/ou morte e tempo de permanência hospitalar). Metodologia: Foram avaliados pacientes com idade de 18 a 80 anos internados no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre com indicação de cirurgia eletiva. As avaliações foram realizadas no momento da internação, 48 e 72 horas após a cirurgia. Foram avaliados peso, altura e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), estado nutricional através da Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global (ANSG) e Ângulo de Fase através da BIA. Resultados: Foram avaliados 142 pacientes, segundo o IMC, 59,2% dos pacientes foram classificados como eutróficos, 3,5% moderadamente desnutridos e 37,3% apresentaram algum grau obesidade. A avaliação por ANSG verificou que 76,1% dos pacientes estavam eutróficos, 23,2% moderadamente desnutridos e 0,7% desnutridos graves. Os baixos valores para o AF obtidos nas 3 avaliações não se apresentaram como indicadores de desfechos negativos em pacientes cirúrgicos. Conclusões: O AF não se demonstrou um indicador para desfechos negativos em pacientes cirúrgicos. / Introduction: Electrical Bioimpedance (BIA) is an easy to use, fast, inexpensive, noninvasive and highly reproducible used to verify the changes in body composition. The Phase Angle (PA), obtained by BIA reflects the relative contribution of fluid and membranes for the human body, being associated as a prognostic marker in various clinical situations. Objectives: To evaluate the AF as an indicator of negative outcomes in surgical patients. Methodology: We studied patients aged 18 to 80 years at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre with indication of elective surgery. Evaluations were performed at admission, 48 and 72 hours after surgery. Body weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI), nutritional status by Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Phase Angle through the BIA. Results: According to BMI, 59.2% of patients were classified as eutrophic, 3.5% moderately malnourished and 37.3% had some degree obesity. The assessment by SGA found that 76.1% of patients were eutrophic, 23.2% moderately malnourished and 0.7% severely malnourished. The low values obtained for the AF in three evaluations were not presented as indicators of negative outcomes in surgical patients. Conclusions: AF is not an indicator to show negative outcomes in surgical patients.

High-impedance faults (HIFs) on distribution feeders are abnormal electrical conditions that cannot be detected by conventional protection schemes. These faults pose a threat on human lives when neighboring objects become in contact with the line's bare and energized conductors. An accurate electrical model for a HIF is implemented to investigate typical patterns in the line's current that allow for the detection of these faults. The occurrence of HIFs is detected with harmonic-current phase analysis and localized with recloser-sectionalizer technology as presented in this work. A sectionalizer algorithm is then presented showing the decision criteria for HIF declaration and shown to discriminate against nominal behavior in distribution feeders of similar harmonic content. Finally, it is shown that the algorithm will not produce a misreading when a current transformer enters saturation. / Master of Science

Moisture-induced damage is one the major causes of deterioration of asphalt pavements and extensive research has been conducted on this topic. Theoretical and experimental results have led the researchers to believe that moisture-induced damages are caused mainly by the generation of pore water pressure in asphalt mixtures when traffic passes over a pavement. The Moisture Induced Sensitivity Tester (MIST) has been recently developed to simulate the phenomenon of repeated pore pressure generation and deterioration in the laboratory. The objective of this study was to evaluate moisture-induced damage in typical Maine Department of Transportation (DOT) asphalt mixes, with the use of MIST, pre and post testing, and analysis of data. The MIST was used to condition Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) samples that were compacted from eight typical Maine DOT mixes, with different types of aggregates and asphalt binder. A modified Dynamic modulus test in Indirect Tensile Mode was used for the determination of damage. A layered elastic model, along with a fatigue-cracking criterion, was utilized to assess the total impact on the pavement lives. Monte Carlo analysis was conducted to determine the distribution of number of repetitions to failure of pavements that are subjected to moisture damage. The major conclusions are that most of the mixes are likely to experience a reduction in their life due to the effect of moisture and that the Micro-Deval and the fine aggregate absorption test results can be related to such damage. A composite factor, consisting of both of these test results, is recommended for regular use by the DOT to screen mixes with high moisture damage potential.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-12-04T11:45:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlissonAlvesSilvaDissertacao2018.pdf: 1576506 bytes, checksum: 226bb8662d64658a3bc1c386c39fca2f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-12-04T11:45:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlissonAlvesSilvaDissertacao2018.pdf: 1576506 bytes, checksum: 226bb8662d64658a3bc1c386c39fca2f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-04T11:45:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlissonAlvesSilvaDissertacao2018.pdf: 1576506 bytes, checksum: 226bb8662d64658a3bc1c386c39fca2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-04 / The phase angle is formed by the deviation of the electric current that is applied in the body, created from the moment that this current crosses the cellular membranes, being that part of these membranes will store energy, functioning like capacitors. The sample consisted of 37 elderly women, aged between 60 and 77 years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phase angle as a predictor of functional capacity in the elderly. The elderly were divided into two groups: 19 elderly women exercising, water aerobics three times a week, and 18 elderly women who did not exercise at all. All of them underwent bioimpedance, anthropometry, hand hold tests, Time Up and Go and answered a quality of life questionnaire (SF-36). It has been found that the measured phase angle of this population is lower than the reference values for sex and for age, which is related to the strength abilities of palmar grip (right hand) and abdominal circumference. / O ângulo de fase é formado pelo desvio da corrente elétrica que é aplicada no corpo, criado a partir do momento em que essa corrente atravessa as membranas celulares, sendo que parte dessas membranas irão armazenar energia, funcionando como capacitores. A amostra foi composta por 37 idosas, com idades entre 60 e 77 anos. Pretendeu-se nesse trabalho avaliar o ângulo de fase como preditor de capacidade funcional em idosas. As idosas foram divididas em dois grupos, sendo 19 idosas que faziam exercício físico, hidroginástica, três vezes por semana e 18 idosas que não faziam nenhum exercício físico. Todas fizeram avaliação de bioimpedância, antropometria, teste de preensão de mão, Time Up and Go e responderam um questionário de qualidade de vida (SF-36). Verificou-se que o ângulo de fase medido dessa população é inferior aos valores de referência para o sexo e para a idade, que o mesmo relaciona-se com as capacidades de força de preensão palmar (mão direita) e circunferência abdominal.