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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
171

Contrôle de la supraconductivité à l'interface d'oxydes LaAlO3/SrTiO3 par effet de champ électrique / Field-effect control of superconductivity at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 oxides interface

Hurand, Simon 11 February 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'étude de la supraconductivité bidimensionnelle à l'interface entre les oxydes LaAlO3 et SrTiO3 contrôlée par effet de champ électrique. Lorsqu'on fait croître une couche mince de quelques mailles atomiques de LaAlO3 sur un substrat de SrTiO3, l'interface devient conductrice, et même supraconductrice au-dessous de 300mK, bien que ces deux oxydes de structure pérovskite soient des isolants. Il se forme ainsi un gaz bidimensionnel d'électrons de haute mobilité, dont les propriétés - supraconductivité et fort couplage spin-orbite de type Rashba - peuvent être contrôlées par effet de champ électrique à l'aide d'une Back Gate. Nous avons étudié cette supraconductivité bidimensionnelle par trois approches expérimentales différentes : l'étude de la transition supraconductrice en température à l'aide du modèle de Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless incluant une distribution inhomogène de rigidité ; l'analyse par le groupe de renormalisation de la transition de phase quantique supraconducteur-isolant induite par un champ magnétique perpendiculaire à l'interface selon le modèle de Spivak, Oreto et Kivelson ; et enfin l'étude de l'hystérèse du courant critique ainsi que de sa nature probabiliste dans le cadre du modèle RCSJ. Nous proposons donc de considérer l'interface comme un réseau de flaques supraconductrices couplées par effet Josephson à travers un gaz 2D métallique, dont la transition est régie par le modèle XY des fluctuations de phase. Enfin, nous avons démontré pour la première fois la possibilité de contrôler les propriétés du gaz 2D à l'aide d'une Top Gate, et comparé les effets des deux grilles (Top ou Back Gate). / In this PhD work, we study the field-effect modulated two-dimensional superconductivity at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 oxides hetero-interface. When one grows epitaxially a few unit cells thin film of LaAlO3 on a SrTiO3 substrate, the interface becomes conducting, and even superconducting below 300mK, although these two perovskite oxides are insulators. The properties of this high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas – superconductivity and strong Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling - can be field-effect modulated by the mean of a Back Gate. We have investigated this two-dimensional superconductivity through three different experimental approaches : the temperature-driven transition with the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless model including an inhomogeneous distribution of rigidity ; the finite-size scaling analysis of the superconductor-to-insulator quantum phase transition induced by a perpendicular magnetic field using the model developed by Spivak, Oreto and Kivelson ; and finally the measure of the hysteretic and stochastic properties of the critical current in the framework of the RCSJ model. We hence propose to consider this 2D electron gas as an inhomogeneous network of superconducting puddles coupled to one another by Josephson effect through a normal metallic matrix, which transition is dominated by the XY model of the phase fluctuations. Finally, we demonstrated for the first time the possibility of Top Gated-control of this interface, and we investigated the compared effects of Top and Back Gating.
172

Estudo do resfriamento em um sistema com múltiplos estados fundamentais / A study of cooling in a system with several ground states.

Guidi, Henrique Santos 29 October 2007 (has links)
Estudamos um sistema de dois níveis acoplados como um modelo que imita o comportamento de líquidos super-resfriados. Em equilíbrio o modelo apresenta uma fase líquida e uma fase cristalina com diversos estados fundamentais. O modelo é definido numa rede quadrada e a cada sítio é associada uma variável estocástica de Ising. A característica que torna este modelo particularmente interessante é que ele apresenta estados metaestáveis duráveis que podem desaparecer dentro do tempo acessível para as simulações numéricas. Para imitar o processo de formação dos vidros, realizamos simulações de Monte Carlo a taxas de resfriamento constante. Apresentamos também simulações para resfriamentos súbitos a temperatura abaixo da temperatura de fusão. / We study a coupled two level systems as a model that imitate the behavior of supercooled liquids that become structural glasses under cooling. In the equilibrium the model shows a liquid phase and a crystalline phase with many grouond states. The model is defined on a square lattice and to each site a stochastic Ising variable is associated. The feature that makes this model particularly interesting is that it display durable metastables states which can vanish within the time available for numerical simulations. In order to imitate the glass former process, we perform Monte Carlo simulations at constant cooling rate. We present also simulations for quenchs to temperatures below the melting temperature.
173

Controlling Coherency Phase Boundary for High Performance Batteries / 蓄電池の高性能化に資する相境界面制御

Yoshinari, Takahiro 25 March 2019 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第21877号 / 人博第906号 / 新制||人||216(附属図書館) / 2018||人博||906(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 内本 喜晴, 教授 吉田 寿雄, 准教授 藤原 直樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM
174

Self-Assembly of Colloidal Particles with Controlled Interaction Forces / 相互作用力に基づくコロイド自己集積現象の理解

Arai, Nozomi 23 March 2021 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23232号 / 工博第4876号 / 新制||工||1761(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科化学工学専攻 / (主査)教授 宮原 稔, 教授 松坂 修二, 教授 山本 量一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM
175

Modélisation en fonctionnelle de la densité atomique des transformations de phases dans le système Fe-C à basse température / Functional Modification of the Atomic Density of Phase Transitions in the Fe-C System at Low Temperatures

Lavrskyi, Mykola 17 January 2017 (has links)
Cette thèse a été centrée sur l’étude de la formation d’une phase martensitique dans les aciersFe-Ni-C et sur la diffusion des atomes de carbone dans cette phase à basse température. Lamodélisation à l’échelle atomique a été utilisée. Pour décrire ces phénomènes, deux approchesont été développées: un modèle discret basé sur la théorie de la fonction de densité atomique(ADF) et une approche quasiparticulaire basée sur la théorie atomique de Fratons (AFT). Dansun premier temps, pour montrer l’universalité de notre approche, nous avons appliqué l'AFTpour modéliser la cinétique d'auto-assemblage des atomes initialement désordonnés à desstructures ordonnées complexes. Cette approche a ensuite été appliquée à l'étude detransformation austénite/martensite. Il a été montré que le germe de martensite se développecomme agrégat multivariant dans la matrice austénitique. En utilisant des figures de pôles etdes diagrammes de diffraction simulés, ces variants ont été identifiés et comparés aux donnéesexpérimentales. La diffusion du carbone dans la phase de martensite a été étudiée en utilisantla théorie ADF. Deux systèmes avec différentes propriétés élastiques, Fe-C et Fe-Ni-C, ont étéconsidérés. Il a été montré qu’au cours du premier stade de vieillissement, les atomes decarbone subissent une décomposition spinodale sur les interstices octaédriques du réseautétragonal centré de martensite et forment les zones riches en carbone. Ensuite, la morphologie«tweed-like» des zones riches en carbone est développée. Les résultats des simulations sontun bon accord avec les images expérimentales obtenues par sonde atomique tomographique.La relation entre une mise en ordre de Zener et la concentration des zones riches en carbone aété discutée. / This thesis examines the formation of martensite in Fe-Ni-C steels and the diffusion of carbonatoms in this phase at low temperatures. To achieve this goal the atomistic modeling have beenused. To describe these phenomena two different approaches were developed: a discretemodel based on the Atomic Density Function (ADF) theory and the quasiparticle approachesbased on the Atomic Fraton Theory (AFT). First, the AFT was tested to model a self-assemblykinetics of initially disordered systems to three different classes of ordered one: singlecomponent crystals with fcc and diamond structures, two component crystals with zinc-blendstructure, and polymers with single-strand and double-stranded helixes structures. Then thisapproach was applied to model austenite/martensite transformation. It was shown thatmartensite nucleus grows as multivariant aggregate in austenite matrix. Using pole figures andsimulated diffraction patterns these variants were identified and compared with the experimentaldata. The carbon diffusion in martensite phase was studied using ADF theory. Two systemswith the different elastic properties corresponding to the Fe-C and Fe-Ni-C systems wereconsidered. It was shown that during a first stage of aging the carbon atoms undergo a spinodaldecomposition on the octahedral interstices of bcc lattice and form the carbon-rich zones. Then"tweed-like" morphology of carbon-rich zones is developed. The simulations results are a goodagreement with experimental images obtained by atom probe tomography. The relationbetween Zener ordering and the concentration of carbon reach zones is discussed.
176

Chalcogenide of type I-V-VI₂ for thermoelectric applications / Chalcogénures de type I-V-VI₂ pour applications thermoélectriques

Mitra, Sunanda 15 December 2016 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse porte sur une série d’échantillons de composition nominale AgBiSe2-xSx (avec x= 0 à 2), appartenant à la famille des chalcogénures ternaires de type I-V-VI₂. Les analyses structurales et thermiques ont mis en évidence une solution solide complète sans gap de miscibilité, et des transitions de phase pour toutes les compositions. Nous avons pu obtenir des composés monophasés à la fois des phases hexagonale et cubique, et notre étude de DRX en température à mis en évidence une phase rhomboédrique pour certaines compositions (x=1 à 2 dans AgBiSexS2-x). Les résultats de DSC ont confirmé la présence de transitions de phase pour toutes les compositions, avec un déplacement des températures de transition en fonction de la fraction de soufre/sélénium. Notre étude de DRX sous pression de l’échantillon AgBiSe₂ a montré une transition de phase induite par la pression d’une phase hexagonale à rhomboédrique puis cubique. Suite à cette observation, l’application d’une pression chimique, par la substitution de 30% du Bi par du Sb a été utilisée avec succès pour stabiliser la phase cubique pour toutes les compositions. Le dopage par Nb des échantillons substitués par l’antimoine l’a pas eu d’influence sur la nature des phases stables à l’ambiante en comparaison aux échantillons non dopés. Nous avons ensuite étudié l’influence du dopage sur les propriétés de transport. Les valeurs négatives de S pour toutes les compositions indiquent un comportement de semi-conducteur de type n dans la gamme (50-300K). Par ailleurs, nos mesures ont montré à a fois de très faibles valeurs de κ mais aussi une décroissance de ∣S∣ et ρ avec l’augmentation de la fraction de Nb. Ces résultats devraient permettre d’optimiser le facteur de puissance pour améliorer les valeurs de ZT. Enfin, une étude en collaboration avec une équipe chinoise a permis d’obtenir une valeur de ZT de 1.3 à 890K dans un composé AgPbmSnSe₂. / Here, we report on a series of samples with nominal compositions AgBiSe2-xSx (with x= 0 to 2) belonging to the class of ternary chalcogenides of type I-V-VI₂. The structural and thermal analysis result shows a complete solid solution without miscibility gap and phase transitions for all compositions. We have succeeded in obtaining single phase compounds, of both hexagonal and cubic phase, and the high temperature XRD study showed the rhombohedral phase too for selected compositions (x=1 to 2 in AgBiSexS2-x). The DSC results confirmed the presence of the phase transitions for all compositions, with a shift of the temperature of transition as a function of the sulfur/selenium fraction. The high pressure XRD investigation of the compound AgBiSe₂ showed a pressure induced phase transition from hexagonal-to-rhombohedral-to-cubic phase. In this respect, chemical pressure with 30% Sb on the Bi site has been successfully applied to stabilize the cubic phase for all compositions. Nb doping in the Sb-substituted samples does not show any change in the phase behavior at RT in comparison with the undoped samples. The influence of doping on transport properties was analyzed. The negative value of S for all compositions indicates n-type semiconducting behavior over the range (50-300K). Further, the results not only shows very low value of κ but the ∣S∣ and ρ value also decreases for each composition from Nb fraction 0.02 to 0.04. This gives us the opportunity to optimize the power factor in order to improve the ZT value. At last, collaborative study with Chinese team showed that ZT of 1.3 at 890 K can be achieved for AgPbmSnSe2+m (m = 50).
177

Freezing and melting transitions of liquids in mesoporous solids

Kondrashova, Daria 10 July 2017 (has links)
This thesis summarizes our latest findings on liquid-solid equilibria for fluids in confined spaces. In the first part of the thesis we introduce a microscopic lattice model which we have developed for the exploration of the freezing and melting phenomena in mesoporous solids with arbitrary geometries of the pore spaces. By applying this model to materials with well-ordered pore structures we (i) establish the mechanisms of the freezing and melting transitions and identify the equilibrium and metastable transition branches for different boundary conditions, (ii) illuminate the role of thermodynamic fluctuations, and (iii) find rigorous equations governing the transition temperatures for the lattice model considered. In the second part of the thesis the results obtained with the ordered pore systems are used for an in-depth analysis of the transitions occurring in geometrically disordered porous solids. First, by considering the ink-bottle pore geometry the efficacies of the different phase transition mechanisms established in the first part are elucidated. As a particularly important result, it is shown that thermodynamic fluctuations may alter the transition mechanisms. In the light of these findings the freezing and melting behaviors in statistically disordered porous materials are discussed. In the third part of the thesis several experimentally-relevant topics are considered and the potentials of the microscopic model for evaluation of the experimental data are demonstrated.
178

Morphologies of Semiflexible Polymers in Bulk and Spherical Confinement

Marenz, Martin 16 July 2018 (has links)
Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit dem Verhalten eines generischen semiflexi- blen Polymermodells. Insbesondere untersucht es den Einfluss von Steifigkeit auf die unterschiedlichen thermodynamisch stabilen Konformationen. Es wird erläutert wie durch die Steifigkeit des Polymers verschiedene struk- turierte Phasen induziert werden. Insbesondere wird dabei auf die sta- bilen verknoteten Phasen eingegangen. Der zweite Teil der Dissertation beschäftigt sich dann mit dem Einfluss einer kugelförmigen Einsperrung auf das Phasendiagramm des selben Polymermodells. Es wird gezeigt wie in Abhängigkeit der Ordnung des Phasenüberganges die Einsperrung entweder zu einem stabilisierenden oder destabilisierenden Effekt führt. Im dritten Teil der Dissertation werden dann die komplexen Monte-Carlo Simulationen erläutert die für die Simulation der physikalischen Systeme genutzt wurde. Diese Algorithmen wurden in ein Framework integriert, so dass diese wieder verwendet werden können.
179

Properties of cluster-size heterogeneity near the phase transition in the two-dimensional Ising model

Kauppi, Renée January 2020 (has links)
Two different definitions of cluster-size heterogeneity are investigated as well as correlation time of different quantities using the Metropolis algorithm and the Wolff algorithm. It is confirmed that the correlation time multiplied by the computation time is lower for the Wolff algorithm in an area around the critical temperature. It is also confirmed that one definition of the heterogeneity has a local maximum at the critical temperature where as the other has an abrupt change in derivative. The local maximum appears with L ≥ 64 and it is predicted but not verified that systems with L > 43 have such a maximum. The relationship between the number of distinct cluster sizes for clusters with spin-up and spin-down is investigated and it is observed that these transition from being significantly different at lower temperatures to being mostly similar at higher temperatures. The point of transition appears to be near the critical temperature.
180

Spin Systems far from Equilibrium: Aging and Dynamic Phase Transition

Park, Hyunhang 22 March 2013 (has links)
Among the many non-equilibrium processes encountered in nature we deal with two different but related aspects. One is the non-equilibrium relaxation process that is at the origin of \'aging phenomena••, and the other one is a non-equilibrium phase transition, called ••dynamic phase transition••. One of the main purposes of our research is to explore more realistic situations than studied previously. Indeed, in the study of aging phenomena certain kinds of disorder effects are considered, and we introduce the ••surface•• as a spatial boundary to the system undergoing the dynamic phase transition. In order to observe these processes as clearly as possible, we study in both cases simple spin systems. Using Monte Carlo simulations we first investigate aging in three-dimensional Ising spin glasses as well as in two-dimensional Ising models with disorder quenched to low temperatures. The time-dependent dynamical correlation length L(t) is determined numerically and the scaling behavior of various two-time quantities as a function of L(t)/L(s) is discussed where t and s are two different times. For disordered Ising models deviations of L(t) from algebraic growth law show up. The generalized scaling forms as a function of L(t)/L(s) reveal a generic simple aging scenario for Ising spin glasses as well as for disordered Ising ferromagnets. We also study the local critical phenomena at a dynamic phase transition by means of numerical simulations of kinetic Ising models with surfaces subjected to a periodic oscillating field. We examine layer-dependent quantities, such as the period-averaged magnetization per layer Q(z) and the layer susceptibility ¥ö(z), and determine local critical exponents through finite size scaling. Both for two and three dimensions, we find that the values of the surface exponents differ from those of the equilibrium critical surface. It is revealed that the surface phase diagram of the non-equilibrium system is not identical to that of the equilibrium system in three dimensions. / Ph. D.

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