Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007. / Title from 1st page of PDF file (viewed July 12, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-124).

Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre a memória do processo composicional e uma análise das características apreendidas pela consciência da compositora, através da música. As composições, que são o principal objeto de reflexão neste memorial, tiveram como premissa estética o conceito de sombra, o qual inspirou as tomadas de decisão. O procedimento primordial, para a elaboração das peças, constitui-se a partir da ação, a qual é tomada como ponto de partida para a caracterização e a identidade expressiva da composição, fundamentalmente relacionada à performance. A análise é amparada pela Fenomenologia da Música, em autores como Schutz (1976) e Clifton (1976), e se concentrou nas temporalidades encontradas nas composições, valendo-se das proposições de Kramer (1988), acerca dos tipos de passagem do tempo (Tempo Linear e Tempo Não-Linear). Estes tipos são relacionados aos objetos ideais do pensamento da autora, especialmente aqueles originados na experiência musical. Imagens e sonoridades integram uma moldura de referência que agrupa os conteúdos da memória. Desta forma, sonoridades, ações e memórias, são tomadas como aspectos constituintes do fenômeno musical e composicional. / This paper presents a reflection on the memory of the compositional process and an analysis of the characteristics apprehended from composer’s consciousness, through the music. The compositions, which are the main object of reflection in this memorial, had the concept of shadow as its aesthetic premise, which inspired the decision-making. The fundamental procedure for the preparation of compositions, it constitutes from the action, which is taken as a starting point for characterizing the composition and the musical identity, mainly related to performance. The analysis is supported by Phenomenology of Music, from authors like Schutz (1976) and Clifton (1976), and is focused on temporalities found in music, using the Kramer (1988) propositions about the kinds of time (Linear Time and Nonlinear Time). These kinds are related to ideal objects of autoress’ thought, especially those originated in musical experiences. Images and sonorities are members of a frame of reference that groups the memory contents. Thus, sonorities, memories and actions are taken as aspects that constitute the musical and compositional phenomenon.

Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre a memória do processo composicional e uma análise das características apreendidas pela consciência da compositora, através da música. As composições, que são o principal objeto de reflexão neste memorial, tiveram como premissa estética o conceito de sombra, o qual inspirou as tomadas de decisão. O procedimento primordial, para a elaboração das peças, constitui-se a partir da ação, a qual é tomada como ponto de partida para a caracterização e a identidade expressiva da composição, fundamentalmente relacionada à performance. A análise é amparada pela Fenomenologia da Música, em autores como Schutz (1976) e Clifton (1976), e se concentrou nas temporalidades encontradas nas composições, valendo-se das proposições de Kramer (1988), acerca dos tipos de passagem do tempo (Tempo Linear e Tempo Não-Linear). Estes tipos são relacionados aos objetos ideais do pensamento da autora, especialmente aqueles originados na experiência musical. Imagens e sonoridades integram uma moldura de referência que agrupa os conteúdos da memória. Desta forma, sonoridades, ações e memórias, são tomadas como aspectos constituintes do fenômeno musical e composicional. / This paper presents a reflection on the memory of the compositional process and an analysis of the characteristics apprehended from composer’s consciousness, through the music. The compositions, which are the main object of reflection in this memorial, had the concept of shadow as its aesthetic premise, which inspired the decision-making. The fundamental procedure for the preparation of compositions, it constitutes from the action, which is taken as a starting point for characterizing the composition and the musical identity, mainly related to performance. The analysis is supported by Phenomenology of Music, from authors like Schutz (1976) and Clifton (1976), and is focused on temporalities found in music, using the Kramer (1988) propositions about the kinds of time (Linear Time and Nonlinear Time). These kinds are related to ideal objects of autoress’ thought, especially those originated in musical experiences. Images and sonorities are members of a frame of reference that groups the memory contents. Thus, sonorities, memories and actions are taken as aspects that constitute the musical and compositional phenomenon.

Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre a memória do processo composicional e uma análise das características apreendidas pela consciência da compositora, através da música. As composições, que são o principal objeto de reflexão neste memorial, tiveram como premissa estética o conceito de sombra, o qual inspirou as tomadas de decisão. O procedimento primordial, para a elaboração das peças, constitui-se a partir da ação, a qual é tomada como ponto de partida para a caracterização e a identidade expressiva da composição, fundamentalmente relacionada à performance. A análise é amparada pela Fenomenologia da Música, em autores como Schutz (1976) e Clifton (1976), e se concentrou nas temporalidades encontradas nas composições, valendo-se das proposições de Kramer (1988), acerca dos tipos de passagem do tempo (Tempo Linear e Tempo Não-Linear). Estes tipos são relacionados aos objetos ideais do pensamento da autora, especialmente aqueles originados na experiência musical. Imagens e sonoridades integram uma moldura de referência que agrupa os conteúdos da memória. Desta forma, sonoridades, ações e memórias, são tomadas como aspectos constituintes do fenômeno musical e composicional. / This paper presents a reflection on the memory of the compositional process and an analysis of the characteristics apprehended from composer’s consciousness, through the music. The compositions, which are the main object of reflection in this memorial, had the concept of shadow as its aesthetic premise, which inspired the decision-making. The fundamental procedure for the preparation of compositions, it constitutes from the action, which is taken as a starting point for characterizing the composition and the musical identity, mainly related to performance. The analysis is supported by Phenomenology of Music, from authors like Schutz (1976) and Clifton (1976), and is focused on temporalities found in music, using the Kramer (1988) propositions about the kinds of time (Linear Time and Nonlinear Time). These kinds are related to ideal objects of autoress’ thought, especially those originated in musical experiences. Images and sonorities are members of a frame of reference that groups the memory contents. Thus, sonorities, memories and actions are taken as aspects that constitute the musical and compositional phenomenon.

Musical analysis has traditionally been located within the context of musicology. It is therefore an activity usually considered the purview of music scholars rather than practical musicians. The musical analyses produced by music scholars therefore provide us with intellectual understandings of musical works, rather than insights into the experience of listening to or playing music. In this thesis, I will propose that those agents involved in practical music-making can produce insights into musical works that are as valid as the work of traditional music scholarship. I will attempt to re-conceptualize the position of the ‘knower’ or ‘experiencer’ - the performer - of music as one with primary access to knowledge of a musical work, and therefore ideally suited to offer analyses of these works. The establishment of the performer as a bearer of central analytical knowledge functions in direct opposition to the traditional distinction between ‘theory’ and ‘practice’. My thesis will trace the Platonic origins of the philosophical separation of practice and research, and as an alternative to the traditional separation of practice and research, I shall explore the concept of Practice-Based Research (PBR). My exploration of PBR will be informed by phenomenological approaches to music scholarship. As a field of enquiry which concerns itself with experience, the phenomenology of music suggests that the mind and body of the practitioner are important sources of musical insight. To address this issue, Bourdieu’s notion of habitus will be explored. The habitus will be shown to contain a vast network of socio-cultural codes informing the practitioner’s relationship with the musical work. A central aim of this thesis is to explore the possibilities of using practice-based research as the foundation for the study and analysis of a composition, in order to allow for a deeper understanding of the work by means of the generation and harnessing of practical knowledge. Thus, the theoretical outline of PBR provided in this thesis will be applied to a piece of practical performance-based analysis. As such, an analysis of Mahler’s Quartetsatz will be used as the basis on which to draw knowledge in this project.

This dissertation explores a method of music analysis that is designed to reflect the phenomenology of the listening experience, specifically in regards to harmony. It is primarily inspired by the theoretical approaches of the music theorist Moritz Hauptmann and by the writings of philosopher Edmund Husserl.

Chapter One introduces the problem that existed in music and logic-psychology at the end of the 19th century. Both music and logic-psychology were in the cul-de-sac of relativism, which had led to obscurity of method and language. Asthetics-criticism is seen to be in the same relativistic position. It is postulated that phenomenological method could aid in music criticism and aesthetic awareness. The second chapter presents a motivic, or Idea, analysis of Schoenberg's second and third string quartets, showing how the twelve-tone method was developed as a way of curing musical composition of the tonal obscurity of late Romanticism. The third chapter is a short exposition of Husserl's development of phenomenological method from his initial work in logic and mathematics to transcendental phenomenology. Chapter Four discusses some of the methodological parallels between Schoenberg and Husserl. Parallels are drawn from all creative periods of their respective work. Chapter Five focuses on similar problems raised in contemporary aesthetic-criticism and their relationship to the methods of Husserl and Schoenberg. Showing how both men solved their problems, a solution is projected for aesthetics-criticism.

Cette thèse porte sur le concept d’objet sonore, élaboré par le fondateur du mouvement esthétique nommé « musique concrète » : Pierre Schaeffer, auteur de plusieurs ouvrages consacrés à la perception du son dans une perspective musicale. A travers la généalogie de ce concept devenu très populaire en musique contemporaine, nous cherchons d’abord à montrer comment se construit une pensée esthétique originale par l’apport de modèles théoriques variés : sciences naturelles, linguistique, et surtout philosophie de la perception contemporaine – phénoménologie, structuralisme et théorie de la forme. Le concept d’objet sonore se construit en effet aussi bien par des gestes techniques – enregistrement et manipulation du son fixé, situation acousmatique – que par des gestes intellectuels radicaux – suspension de la référence au contexte d’émission du son, refus de la perspective de la physique acoustique, donc de l’explication du phénomène sonore au profit de sa description morphologique, étude généralisée de nos fonctions d’écoute (acoulogie). Cette appréhension du son « pour lui-même », qui se pense comme une application de l’épochè phénoménologique à l’écoute (écoute réduite) nous invite à penser les rapports ambigus pouvant se tisser entre une esthétique musicale particulière et la philosophie de la perception qu’elle convoque pour penser son objet. Plus généralement, ce travail vise donc à décrire le rôle d’une certaine philosophie de la perception dans l’émergence d’une appréhension plastique du phénomène sonore, phénomène qui résiste pourtant d’emblée à l’objectivation. / This doctoral dissertation focuses on the concept of sound object, coined by the founder of the “musique concrète” aesthetic movement Pierre Schaeffer – who wrote several essays dedicated to the perception of sound within a musical perspective. In studying the genealogy of this concept which has become very popular in contemporary music, we first wish to show how the reunion of varied theoretical models helps to build an original aesthetic reflection – natural science, linguistics, and above all the philosophy of contemporary perception (phenomenology, structuralism and Gestalt theory). Indeed, the concept of sound object is the result of both technical gestures – recording and manipulation of the recorded sound, acousmatic situation – and intellectual and radical moves such as the absence of reference to the context of sound production, the refusal to use the theoretical frame of acoustic physics (thus enabling the morphological description of the sound phenomenon to take precedence over the explanation of such phenomenon), the general study of our listening functions (acoulogy). Such perception of the sound “for itself” is to be viewed as the application of the phenomenological epoché to the listening activity (reduced listening), and leads us to consider the ambiguous relationships between a particular musical aesthetics and the philosophy of perception required to analyse its object. More generally, our study thus intends to describe the role played by a certain philosophy of perception in the appearance of a plastic perception of the sound phenomenon, though such phenomenon initially resists objectification.