The thesis aims at developing conceptual and methodological tools in order to adapt sound in a “designerly” way within the discipline textile design. Occupational groups working with sound are to a large extent problem driven. This implies knowledge regarding sound and sound design mostly focuses on defensive strategies, not creative possibilities. The ambition with this research project is to make suggestions how textile designers can work practically with textile sound design, in a more nuanced way. /br As a starting point the thesis describes commonly used methods and processes used in the design process within an industrial context, followed by a more thorough analyze of the textile design process. These studies constitute a foundation to make it possible to see in what way these methods and processes will be affected when sound is added as new design tool./br By studies of two sound design models, the first attempts to develop a vocabulary concerning how to describe sound affecting qualities or sound expression of a textile are presented. Research focusing on language issues, especially on the development of conceptual tools done at the research institute Cresson, provides descriptive concepts, “sound effects”, embracing the interaction between human and his sound environment. These concepts are followed by a model of how to describe a “sound object” in “itself” (not in relation to anything else), developed by Pierre Schaeffer./br The theoretical models have been applied on the outcome of an phenomenological study named Describe. A number of design examples are finally presented as methodological examples of different ways to work with textiles and sound./br Keywords: sound, design, textile design, sound effect, sound object. / Thesis to be defended in public at 24 May 2011 at 13.00, at the Gallary floor 2, The Swedish School of Textiles, Bryggaregatan 17, Borås, for the degree of Philosophy.

The ʻaudiovisual objectʼ is a fusion of sound object and visual object to create an identifiable perceptual phenomenon, which can be treated as a ʻbuilding blockʼ in the creation of audiovisual work based primarily on electroacoustic composition practice and techniques. This thesis explores how the audiovisual object can be defined and identified in existing works, and offers an examination of how it can be used as a compositional tool. The historical development of the form and the effect of the performance venue on audience immersion is also explored. The audiovisual object concept builds upon theories of electroacoustic composition and film sound design. The audiovisual object is defined in relation to existing concepts of the sound object and visual object, while synaesthesia and cross-modal perception are examined to show how the relationship between sound and vision in the audiovisual object can be strengthened. Electroacoustic composition and animation both developed through technological advances, either the manipulation of recorded sounds, or the manipulation of drawn/photographed objects. The key stages in development of techniques and theories in both disciplines are examined and compared against each other, highlighting correlations and contrasts. The physical space where the audiovisual composition is performed also has a bearing on how the work is perceived and received. Current standard performance spaces include acousmatic concert systems, which emphasize the audio aspect over the visual, and the cinema, which focuses on the visual. Spaces which afford a much higher level of envelopment in the work include hemispheric projection, while individual experience through virtual reality systems could become a key platform. The key elements of the audiovisual object, interaction between objects and their successful use in audiovisual compositions are also investigated in a series of case studies. Specific audiovisual works are examined to highlight techniques to create successful audiovisual objects and interactions. As this research degree is in creative practice, a portfolio of 4 composed works is also included, with production notes explaining the inspiration behind and symbolism within each work, along with the practical techniques employed in their creation. The basis for each work is a short electroacoustic composition which has then been developed with abstract 3D CGI animation into an audiovisual composition, demonstrating the development of my own practice as well as exploring the concept of the audiovisual object. The concept of the audiovisual object draws together existing theories concerning the sound object, visual perception, and phenomenology. The concept, the associated investigation of how audiovisual compositions have evolved over time, and the analysis and critique of case studies based on this central concept contribute both theory and creative practice principles to this form of artistic creativity. This thesis forms a basis for approaching the creative process both as a creator and critic, and opens up a research pathway for further investigation.

Este trabalho relata uma trajetória particular de criação que envolve uma série de questionamentos estéticos, teóricos e técnicos que resultaram em uma coleção de obras musicais. Três delas foram escolhidas para compor este memorial: Percusmática (para sons eletroacústicos em 8.0), Quatro Cenas para Piano e Quatro Cenas para Grupo de Câmara, pois refletem a relação simbiótica entre a pesquisa bibliográfica, a experimentação em estúdio e a condução de processos composicionais por meios acústicos instrumentais e eletroacústico acusmático. O memorial divide-se em duas partes: a primeira aborda a pesquisa bibliográfica, as ideias e conceitos que foram propulsores do impulso criativo, como aqueles relacionados a escuta musical, o objeto sonoro, a composição pela sonoridade, a música especulativa e a processos composicionais formalizados. A segunda, procura descrever os processos composicionais realizados e as implicações das discussões teóricas acerca da sonoridade, composição e escuta musical em seu desenvolvimento, assim como a influência da escuta acusmática vivenciada na prática eletroacústica em estúdio. Algumas das referências composicionais e musicais derivam de conceitos e ideias da música eletrônica e concreta desenvolvida a partir dos anos 50, da música textural dos anos 60 e da música espectral no final dos anos 70, como: o objeto sonoro, classe de sons homogêneos, sons granulares, tipo de grão, textura de massa, densidade, envelope sonoro, contorno dinâmico, composição tímbrica e composição pela sonoridade. / This work describes a particulary path of creation that envolves a series of aesthetical, theoric and technic questions that resulted in a collection of musical works. Three of them where chosen to compose this paper: Percusmática (for electracoustics sounds in 8.0), Quatro Cenas para Piano e Quatro Cenas para Grupo de Câmara, because they reflect the symbiotic relationship between the bibliographical research, the studio experience and the leading of compositional processes in instrumental-acoustics and elecracoustic-acusmatical means. This work is divided in two parts: first approaches the bibliographical research, the concepts and ideas that improved the creative impulse, as thus related to musical listening, sound object, composition through sonority, speculative music and fomalized compositional processes. Second describes the compositional processes and the consequences of the theorical discussions about sonority, composition and musical listening in their development, as the influence of the acousmatic listening experienced in the electracoustic routine in studio. Some of the compositional and musical references are derived from concepts and ideas of the concrete and electronic music of the fifties, the textural music of the sixties and the spectral music of the late seventies, like: the sound object, class of homogeneaous sounds, granular sounds, type of grain, mass texture, density, sound evelope, dynamic contour, timbristic composition and composition through sonority.

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-08T19:23:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2012_Nelsindo de Moraes da Silva.pdf: 2248126 bytes, checksum: 62ffc05f3ca16c93b568184f75bfdd61 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-12-15T14:49:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2012_Nelsindo de Moraes da Silva.pdf: 2248126 bytes, checksum: 62ffc05f3ca16c93b568184f75bfdd61 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-15T14:49:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2012_Nelsindo de Moraes da Silva.pdf: 2248126 bytes, checksum: 62ffc05f3ca16c93b568184f75bfdd61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-17 / A presente pesquisa se propõe à descrição do processo de criação musical envolvido em Instâncias, buscando alargar as discussões em torno da relação entre paisagem sonora e composição. A construção da obra teve como referência os objetos sonoros (SCHAEFFER, 1993) presentes na paisagem sonora (SCHAFER, 1991) urbana de Cuiabá, percebida como imagens geradoras (SALLES, 2004) à criação. Para tanto, foram realizadas gravações de áudio em quatro ambientes correlacionados com aspectos do existir humano ─ elaborados a partir da leitura dos pensadores do contemporâneo como Zygmunt Bauman, Michel Maffesoli, Mircea Eliade, Marc Augé e Massimo Canevacci ─, respectivamente: o centro urbano (praças e calçadões), referente à mobilidade; o setor de produção de uma indústria, na dimensão do trabalho; a praça de alimentação de um shopping center, ligada ao prazer; e templos religiosos, conectados à espiritualidade. Assim, considera-se que a textura sonora, emanada destas realidades, manifesta-se como síntese das dimensões que permeiam o existir. Para o tratamento dos dados (processo de escuta, registro e classificação) foi utilizada a teoria de Pierre Schaeffer (1993) acerca da escuta reduzida e do objeto sonoro. Os objetos foram registrados e classificados tendo como sistema de referências a notação musical tradicional; expressados em motes (melódicos e rítmicos), constituindo-se assim como premissas ao processo criativo. Instâncias foi composta para uma orquestra de câmara, dividida em quatro movimentos, são eles: Mobilidade (1º Movimento), Trabalho (2º Movimento), Hedônico (3º Movimento) e Espiritual (4º Movimento). / This research aims to describe the process of musical creation of Instâncias (Instances), trying to extend the matter for soundscape and composition relations. The musical construction has had as references the sound objects (SCHAEFFER, 1993) present in the soundscape (SCHAFER, 1991) from the city of Cuiabá, perceived as generating images (SALLES, 2004) for creating. To this objective, audio recordings have done in four environments correlated with aspects of human existence ─ developed from the reading of contemporary thinkers such as Zygmunt Bauman, Michel Maffesoli, Mircea Eliade, Marc Augé and Massimo Canevacci – respectively: the urban center (squares and sidewalks), concerning to the mobility; the production sector of an industry for the work dimension; the food court of a shopping center, linked it to pleasure and, at last, religious temples, connected them to spirituality. Thus, it is considered that the sound texture, emanating from these realities, manifests itself like a synthesis of the dimensions, which permeate the existence. For data processing (listening process, registration and classification), the theory of Pierre Schaeffer (1993), about the reduced listening and the sound object, has applied. The objects have recorded and classified on the traditional musical notation as references system; expressed in motifs (melodic and rhythmic), establishing them as postulations of creative process. Instâncias was composed for a chamber orchestra, in four movements, they are: Mobility (1st Movement), Work (2nd Movement), Hedonic (3rd Movement) and Spiritual (4th Movement).

Este trabalho relata uma trajetória particular de criação que envolve uma série de questionamentos estéticos, teóricos e técnicos que resultaram em uma coleção de obras musicais. Três delas foram escolhidas para compor este memorial: Percusmática (para sons eletroacústicos em 8.0), Quatro Cenas para Piano e Quatro Cenas para Grupo de Câmara, pois refletem a relação simbiótica entre a pesquisa bibliográfica, a experimentação em estúdio e a condução de processos composicionais por meios acústicos instrumentais e eletroacústico acusmático. O memorial divide-se em duas partes: a primeira aborda a pesquisa bibliográfica, as ideias e conceitos que foram propulsores do impulso criativo, como aqueles relacionados a escuta musical, o objeto sonoro, a composição pela sonoridade, a música especulativa e a processos composicionais formalizados. A segunda, procura descrever os processos composicionais realizados e as implicações das discussões teóricas acerca da sonoridade, composição e escuta musical em seu desenvolvimento, assim como a influência da escuta acusmática vivenciada na prática eletroacústica em estúdio. Algumas das referências composicionais e musicais derivam de conceitos e ideias da música eletrônica e concreta desenvolvida a partir dos anos 50, da música textural dos anos 60 e da música espectral no final dos anos 70, como: o objeto sonoro, classe de sons homogêneos, sons granulares, tipo de grão, textura de massa, densidade, envelope sonoro, contorno dinâmico, composição tímbrica e composição pela sonoridade. / This work describes a particulary path of creation that envolves a series of aesthetical, theoric and technic questions that resulted in a collection of musical works. Three of them where chosen to compose this paper: Percusmática (for electracoustics sounds in 8.0), Quatro Cenas para Piano e Quatro Cenas para Grupo de Câmara, because they reflect the symbiotic relationship between the bibliographical research, the studio experience and the leading of compositional processes in instrumental-acoustics and elecracoustic-acusmatical means. This work is divided in two parts: first approaches the bibliographical research, the concepts and ideas that improved the creative impulse, as thus related to musical listening, sound object, composition through sonority, speculative music and fomalized compositional processes. Second describes the compositional processes and the consequences of the theorical discussions about sonority, composition and musical listening in their development, as the influence of the acousmatic listening experienced in the electracoustic routine in studio. Some of the compositional and musical references are derived from concepts and ideas of the concrete and electronic music of the fifties, the textural music of the sixties and the spectral music of the late seventies, like: the sound object, class of homogeneaous sounds, granular sounds, type of grain, mass texture, density, sound evelope, dynamic contour, timbristic composition and composition through sonority.

Este trabalho relata uma trajetória particular de criação que envolve uma série de questionamentos estéticos, teóricos e técnicos que resultaram em uma coleção de obras musicais. Três delas foram escolhidas para compor este memorial: Percusmática (para sons eletroacústicos em 8.0), Quatro Cenas para Piano e Quatro Cenas para Grupo de Câmara, pois refletem a relação simbiótica entre a pesquisa bibliográfica, a experimentação em estúdio e a condução de processos composicionais por meios acústicos instrumentais e eletroacústico acusmático. O memorial divide-se em duas partes: a primeira aborda a pesquisa bibliográfica, as ideias e conceitos que foram propulsores do impulso criativo, como aqueles relacionados a escuta musical, o objeto sonoro, a composição pela sonoridade, a música especulativa e a processos composicionais formalizados. A segunda, procura descrever os processos composicionais realizados e as implicações das discussões teóricas acerca da sonoridade, composição e escuta musical em seu desenvolvimento, assim como a influência da escuta acusmática vivenciada na prática eletroacústica em estúdio. Algumas das referências composicionais e musicais derivam de conceitos e ideias da música eletrônica e concreta desenvolvida a partir dos anos 50, da música textural dos anos 60 e da música espectral no final dos anos 70, como: o objeto sonoro, classe de sons homogêneos, sons granulares, tipo de grão, textura de massa, densidade, envelope sonoro, contorno dinâmico, composição tímbrica e composição pela sonoridade. / This work describes a particulary path of creation that envolves a series of aesthetical, theoric and technic questions that resulted in a collection of musical works. Three of them where chosen to compose this paper: Percusmática (for electracoustics sounds in 8.0), Quatro Cenas para Piano e Quatro Cenas para Grupo de Câmara, because they reflect the symbiotic relationship between the bibliographical research, the studio experience and the leading of compositional processes in instrumental-acoustics and elecracoustic-acusmatical means. This work is divided in two parts: first approaches the bibliographical research, the concepts and ideas that improved the creative impulse, as thus related to musical listening, sound object, composition through sonority, speculative music and fomalized compositional processes. Second describes the compositional processes and the consequences of the theorical discussions about sonority, composition and musical listening in their development, as the influence of the acousmatic listening experienced in the electracoustic routine in studio. Some of the compositional and musical references are derived from concepts and ideas of the concrete and electronic music of the fifties, the textural music of the sixties and the spectral music of the late seventies, like: the sound object, class of homogeneaous sounds, granular sounds, type of grain, mass texture, density, sound evelope, dynamic contour, timbristic composition and composition through sonority.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:52:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7923107 bytes, checksum: bde4204dd3d768dc6537b4104666ebd6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present research aims to insert sound objects, independent musical entities, in the context of a complex compositional system, here called Object-Timbre System. This system was divided in three different components, sonorous unit, syntagm and envelop, in which the sound object concept elapses. The sintagm and the envelope form the two levels of contextual connection. Although focusing each component as an autonomous mean, this autonomy is not an absolute one, because in order to form syntagm and envelop it is necessary the amalgamation of the sonorous units and the syntagm. Therefore the connection is an important transport of the Object-Timbre System, and will be focus from the perspective of the Gestalt psychology, specifically from the Gestalt laws. The major or minor presence of the Gestalt laws in the construction of the component forms what we call vector of contextual connection. This vector was divided in high, average and low degree. Timbre was the musical agent from which these connections have been establisched. In this way the model constructed here inserts between the atomistic thinking, as it deals with the sonorous object, and the holistic or ecological thinking, due to the necessary connections to create components in a superior hierarchic level. For such reason we used the concept of near-decomposability created by Herbert Simon in a complex systems context. Five pieces was composed for strings: Tractus Mobilis I.a/b (for solo violin), Ideoplastie II (for violin and violoncello), Vortex Diagonal (for violin, viola and violoncello), Interceptação (string quartet) and Araneae (string quintet). / A presente pesquisa buscou inserir objetos sonoros, entidades musicais autônomas, no contexto de um sistema composicional complexo, denominado Sistema Objeto-Timbre (SOT). Esse sistema é dividido em três componentes, nos quais perpassa o conceito de objeto sonoro, que são: a unidade sonora, o sintagma e o envelope. O sintagma e o envelope formam os dois graus de conexão contextual. Apesar de enfocar cada componente como autônomo, essa autonomia é relativa, pois, para formar o sintagma e o envelope, é necessário que haja a união das unidades sonoras e sintagmas, respectivamente. As conexões são partes importantes do SOT, e são abordadas a partir da psicologia da Gestalt, em particular a partir das leis da Gestalt. O timbre foi o agente musical a partir do qual se buscou estabelecer essas conexões. Dessa forma, a abordagem aqui utilizada se insere num meio-termo entre o pensamento atomístico, pois parte do objeto sonoro, e a abordagem holística ou ecológica, pelas conexões necessárias à criação de componentes de nível hierárquico superior. Por tal motivo, utilizou-se o conceito de quase decomponibilidade, criado por Herbert Simon e aplicado a sistemas complexos. Como resultado, foram compostas cinco peças para cordas, a saber: Tractus Mobilis I.a/b (para violino solo e viola solo), Ideoplastie II (para violino e violoncelo), Diagonal Vortex (para violino, viola e violoncelo), Interceptação (quarteto de cordas) e Araneae (quinteto de cordas).

Cette thèse porte sur le concept d’objet sonore, élaboré par le fondateur du mouvement esthétique nommé « musique concrète » : Pierre Schaeffer, auteur de plusieurs ouvrages consacrés à la perception du son dans une perspective musicale. A travers la généalogie de ce concept devenu très populaire en musique contemporaine, nous cherchons d’abord à montrer comment se construit une pensée esthétique originale par l’apport de modèles théoriques variés : sciences naturelles, linguistique, et surtout philosophie de la perception contemporaine – phénoménologie, structuralisme et théorie de la forme. Le concept d’objet sonore se construit en effet aussi bien par des gestes techniques – enregistrement et manipulation du son fixé, situation acousmatique – que par des gestes intellectuels radicaux – suspension de la référence au contexte d’émission du son, refus de la perspective de la physique acoustique, donc de l’explication du phénomène sonore au profit de sa description morphologique, étude généralisée de nos fonctions d’écoute (acoulogie). Cette appréhension du son « pour lui-même », qui se pense comme une application de l’épochè phénoménologique à l’écoute (écoute réduite) nous invite à penser les rapports ambigus pouvant se tisser entre une esthétique musicale particulière et la philosophie de la perception qu’elle convoque pour penser son objet. Plus généralement, ce travail vise donc à décrire le rôle d’une certaine philosophie de la perception dans l’émergence d’une appréhension plastique du phénomène sonore, phénomène qui résiste pourtant d’emblée à l’objectivation. / This doctoral dissertation focuses on the concept of sound object, coined by the founder of the “musique concrète” aesthetic movement Pierre Schaeffer – who wrote several essays dedicated to the perception of sound within a musical perspective. In studying the genealogy of this concept which has become very popular in contemporary music, we first wish to show how the reunion of varied theoretical models helps to build an original aesthetic reflection – natural science, linguistics, and above all the philosophy of contemporary perception (phenomenology, structuralism and Gestalt theory). Indeed, the concept of sound object is the result of both technical gestures – recording and manipulation of the recorded sound, acousmatic situation – and intellectual and radical moves such as the absence of reference to the context of sound production, the refusal to use the theoretical frame of acoustic physics (thus enabling the morphological description of the sound phenomenon to take precedence over the explanation of such phenomenon), the general study of our listening functions (acoulogy). Such perception of the sound “for itself” is to be viewed as the application of the phenomenological epoché to the listening activity (reduced listening), and leads us to consider the ambiguous relationships between a particular musical aesthetics and the philosophy of perception required to analyse its object. More generally, our study thus intends to describe the role played by a certain philosophy of perception in the appearance of a plastic perception of the sound phenomenon, though such phenomenon initially resists objectification.

Cette thèse revient sur les onze œuvres musicales ayant jalonné mon parcours compositionnel et marqué le développement de ma pensée de créatrice. J’ai divisé la production de ces sept années de doctorat en trois sections, correspondant à trois phases distinctes de l’évolution de mon langage. Ce parcours est un passage graduel d’une pensée intuitive vers une pensée de plus en plus structurée. Bailo, String Quartet no.1, et Con fuoco sont les œuvres composées durant la première phase. La deuxième phase a mené à la composition de deux pièces où sont juxtaposées musique instrumentale et musique électroacoustique : le Concerto pour clarinette et bande et Impressions pour basson et bande. Afin d’arrimer ces deux mondes disparates, l’approche intuitive a tranquillement été écartée au profit d’une meilleure organisation des paramètres à travers l’introduction de la formalisation. La troisième phase correspond à une exploration plus rigoureuse de la formalisation par l’entremise de modèles. Quatre modèles sont abordés dans cette thèse; soit le modèle de l’objet sonore, le modèle de la linguistique, le modèle du timbre et le modèle de l’art visuel. Dans le modèle de l’objet sonore, utilisé dans la pièce Nevaliashka, la formalisation se construit autour d’un jouet duquel j’extrais le plus d’information possible. Utilisé dans les opéras Les bottes jaunes et The Feast of Nemesis, le modèle linguistique aborde la sémantique et phonétique des différentes langues. Le modèle du timbre, que l’on retrouve dans FLAW/LESS et Transition, s’attarde à la corporéité des instruments traditionnels et à leurs potentialités acoustiques. L’écriture instrumentale y est pensée comme une sculpture de timbres et la méthodologie est dérivée de celle généralement utilisée pour la composition de la musique électroacoustique. Enfin, avec le modèle de l’art visuel, mis en valeur dans la pièce Galženjaki, je m’intéresse aux interactions entre art visuel et littérature, de même qu’à la manière de transposer ce dialogue en musique. / This thesis returns to the eleven musical works that marked my compositional journey as well as my development as an artist. I divided the production of these seven years of doctoral studies into three sections, corresponding to three distinct phases of the evolution of my language. This journey is a gradual transition from an intuitive approach to musical writing to a more structured approach. Bailo, String Quartet no.1, and Con fuoco were composed in the first phase. The second phase led to two pieces in which instrumental music and electroacoustic music were juxtaposed: the Concerto pour clarinette et bande and Impressions for bassoon and tape. In order to bridge the gap between these two distinct worlds, intuition gradually gave way to a better organization of parameters through the introduction of formalization. The third phase corresponds to a more rigorous exploration of formalization through the use of models. Four models are addressed in this thesis; the sound object model, the linguistics model, the timbre model and the visual arts model. In the sound object model, used in the Nevaliashka piece, formalization is built around an object of everyday life from which a maximum of information is extracted and analyzed. Used in the operas Les bottes jaunes and The Feast of Nemesis, the linguistics model incorporates the semantics and phonetics of different languages into the compositional process. The timbre model, found in FLAW/LESS and Transition, focuses on the corporeality of traditional instruments and their acoustic potential. Instrumental writing is thought of as a sculpture of timbres and follows the methodology generally used in electroacoustic music composition. Finally, with the visual arts model, highlighted in the Galženjaki piece, I analyze the interactions between visual arts and literature and attempt to translate this dialogue into music.