In this thesis I argue that the constructive philosophical project of Jean-Luc Marion offers a new way of thinking the analogical relation between God and the human person. I particularly examine his concept of the saturated phenomenon in order to show how we might construct the relation between incommensurable terms (God and the human being) without requiring a similitude to mediate the relation. I argue that for Marion God's transcendence is understood as what he describes as "impossibility" and that his immanence is understood through Augustine's interior intimo meo, the God more intimate to me than I am too myself. I demonstrate that radical immanence is God's transcendence insofar as the event of the impossible precedes the being-possibility correlation of metaphysics. Thus I develop the relation of God and the human being as a coincidence of opposites more than an analogy: the infinite distance of radical alterity becomes a belonging together of the human being with God. As a consequence of this analysis, I develop a new concept of relation, which I call "hyperbolic relation." If similitude always threatens to abolish the alterity of the terms of the relation (as was Barth's objection to the analogia entis), in this case, alterity is maintained not by removing relation but by increasing it to the level of hyperbole. Like Marion's God who is "without Being," this analogy is "without similitude" by means of excess. The concept of God that I develop (impossible as intimate and vice versa) will consequently lead to a deepening of the concept of the human person through the transfiguration that saturation precipitates within the concept of relation.

Few philosophers, today, are doing more than simple recognition of Levinass debt to phenomenology when a thorough explication of how phenomenological methodology impacts Levinass work is needed. This dissertation is the needed discussion of methodology that has been so absent in Levinas as well as in so many of his interpreters. The purpose, herein, is to synthesize Levinass work, explicating it in terms of transcendental methodology, the result of which reveals Levinass claims to be more defensible when understood in these terms than when the full rigor of this methodology is not properly grasped. First, to connect Levinas to transcendental phenomenology a correct perspective of the phenomenological tradition is needed. I argue that phenomenology is a methodology that discloses those horizons that condition experience such that appearance takes on meaning. I further argue that it is important to see this disclosure as something open-ended and ongoing rather than a method capable of fully revealing a final telos. Levinas fits into this methodology by providing the ethical as just such a horizonal condition, while his constant returning to this theme highlights the need to keep reworking the description of its meaningful impact on experience. Second, I defend Levinas from those who claim his work cannot be phenomenological, based on what they see as an implied Jewish tradition informing his description. I argue that what must be understood is that Levinass reference to God, Biblical stories, and Jewish wisdom impose an unsettling language that is introduced to replace traditional phenomenological language that does not always allow for the goals phenomenology sets for itself. This imposition does not use the Jewish tradition to make his argument but as a vocabulary far better at describing the ethical condition than what is commonly used in phenomenology. The final step of explication involves the actual application of the methodology, now understood aright, to Levinass claims about the other, the self, and the ethical. The result is that once we understand the ethical as the infinite originative horizon out of which the conscious ego emerges, later interpretations of Levinas will be able to successfully move beyond his work.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-02-14T13:39:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 reinaldodasilvajunior.pdf: 545313 bytes, checksum: f95eba6334d1a20836a5d34eddad2e44 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-15T13:49:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 reinaldodasilvajunior.pdf: 545313 bytes, checksum: f95eba6334d1a20836a5d34eddad2e44 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T13:49:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 reinaldodasilvajunior.pdf: 545313 bytes, checksum: f95eba6334d1a20836a5d34eddad2e44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação procura investigar um fenômeno religioso recorrente na tradição popular brasileira no último século – a aparição de Maria, Mãe de Jesus – tendo como foco principal uma aparição mariana ocorrida em Natividade, cidade do norte fluminense, na segunda metade do século XX, entre os anos de 1967 a 1978 e que tem no sítio da aparição, até os dias de hoje, um lugar de forte peregrinação e manifestação da religiosidade popular. A proposta é observar este fenômeno a partir da perspectiva fenomenológica, procurando compreendê-lo enquanto uma manifestação legítima de uma experiência mística religiosa. O trabalho tem algumas discussões que atravessam este eixo central da pesquisa, mas que tem relevância na construção do texto, sendo fundamental para a discussão principal, como: as tensões epistemológicas dentro da Ciência da Religião, a viabilidade de um método heterodoxo e interdisciplinar na produção científica do estudo da religião, a concepção de mística e suas implicações no campo acadêmico, o reconhecimento da dimensão religiosa como essencial na constituição existencial do ser humano. Defender uma epistemologia e uma metodologia que permitam à ciência uma compreensão do fenômeno religioso que não ignore sua singularidade e sua especificidade nesta constituição ontológica do ser humano é um objetivo deste trabalho e as aparições marianas como expressão espontânea de uma religiosidade tipicamente popular se mostra um lócus privilegiado para um estudo com este propósito, sendo ela em si uma evidência característica da dimensão religiosa: a eterna renovação de sua manifestação. / This dissertation tries to investigate an appealing religious phenomenon in the Brazilian popular tradition in the last century - Maria's appearance, Mother of Jesus - tends as main focus an Maria’s appearance happened in Nativity, city of the fluminense north, in the second half of the century XX, among the years from 1967 to 1978 and that he/she has at the ranch of the appearance, until the days today, a place of strong pilgrimage and manifestation of the popular religiosity. The proposal is to observe this phenomenon starting from the phenomenological perspective, trying to understand him/it while a legitimate manifestation of a religious mystic experience. The work has some discussions that cross this central axis of the research, but that has relevance in the construction of the text, being fundamental for the main discussion, as: the tensions epistemological inside of the Science of the Religion, the viability of a heterodox and interdisciplinary method in the scientific production of the study of the religion, mystic's conception and their implications in the academic field, the recognition of the religious dimension as essential in the human being's existential constitution. To defend an epistemology and a methodology that allow to the science an understanding of the religious phenomenon that doesn't ignore his/her singularity and his/her specificity in this constitution ontological of the human being is an objective of this work and the appearances marianas as spontaneous expression of a religiosity typically popular a privileged locus is shown for a study with this purpose, being her in itself a characteristic evidence of the religious dimension: the eternal renewal of his/her manifestation.