Many developing countries, rich with natural resources, have turned to tourism as a source of national growth and subsequently an increasing amount of local communities are being "developed". Despite its importance to developing countries, tourism has been covered scarcely in the literature on development studies. Local communities that find themselves in a situation having to deal with tourism related development, face many challenges. Contrary to previous work on development which considered poor local communities a threat to the natural environment, current views emphasise the role of the community in bringing about participation, conservation and consequently Sustainable Development. Therefore, if tourism can be seen as a possible path to Sustainable Development, the role of the local community in its development is of vital importance. This research investigates the role of the local community in integrating conservation in tourism related development by means of a case study on Apo Island. / DEVELOPMENT STUDIES / MA(SS)(DEV. STUD)

Basé sur une recherche ethnographique de neuf mois, ce mémoire présente une étude comparative des incertitudes, risques et vulnérabilités vécues à l’ère d’instabilités environnementales et climatiques aux Philippines, ainsi qu’aux enjeux contemporains liés à la sécurité ainsi qu’à la gouvernance de l’eau dans les hautes terres de Kalinga, une province située dans la région administrative de la Cordillère au nord de l’île de Luçon. Divulguant, pour ce faire, les fondements et les opérations du gouvernement coutumier de l’eau d’irrigation, cette étude souligne les fondements intrinsèquement politiques de la disponibilité et de l’accessibilité de l’eau comme ressource, ainsi que pour la protection des droits autochtones et le développement des ressources naturelles. Mots-clés : gouvernance et sécurité de l’eau, modalités et processus de gestion coutumière de l’eau d’irrigation, droits et savoirs autochtones, Kalinga, Philippines. / Based on a nine-month ethnographic research conducted in 2015 and 2016 amongst three indigenous communities of the Kalinga highlands, a province and ancestral domain located in the Cordillera Administrative Region of Northern Luzon (Philippines), this comparative academic study examines the local experiences and responses to contemporary threats to safe and sufficient supplies of irrigation water. It further provides a detailed account of the constitution and functions of prevailing customary water governance systems and practices. This study, thus, defends the need to correlate water security to governance, whilst insisting upon the importance of articulating preventive and responsive policies and interventions with local contexts and conditions. Keywords : water governance, water security, customary water governance systems and practices, indigenous knowledge, Kalinga, Philippines.

Wong, Wai Man Natalie. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-128). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Notes --- p.vii / Lists of Figures and Tables --- p.viii / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background of the Study - Transboundary movement of electronic waste (e-waste) --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Definition of Structure of NGOs Networks --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs) --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Variables in TANs --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of this Study --- p.18 / Chapter 1.5 --- Methodology --- p.18 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- REVIEWING TRANSNATIONAL ADVOCACY NETWORKS IN TRANSNATIONAL ACTIVISM --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1 --- Overview: Expansion of INGOs --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Debates: State-centric vs. Non State-centric in World Politics --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- Transnational Activism in World Politics --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3 --- Networks in Transnational Activisms --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Linkages in Transnational Activism between the North and the South --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- NGOs Networking: Two Levels Analysis --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4 --- TANs in Transnational Activisms --- p.34 / Chapter 2.5 --- Transnational Activism in Asia --- p.43 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- WHAT HAS THE GREENPEACE DONE IN ANTI TOXIC E-WASTE CAMPAGINS IN CHINA AND THE PHILIPPINES? --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1 --- Problems of e-waste --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2 --- The Greenpeace China in Anti-toxic e-waste Campaign --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3 --- The Greenpeace Philippines in Anti-toxic e-waste Campaign --- p.64 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- COMPARISON OF THE STRUCTURE OF GREENPEACE NETWORKS IN CHINA AND THE PHILIPPINES --- p.76 / Chapter 4.1 --- History of INGOs in China and the Philippines --- p.76 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- History of INGOs in China --- p.76 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- History of INGOs in the Philippines --- p.79 / Chapter 4.2 --- Greenpeace - National Government Relationship --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3 --- Greenpeace - Local Governments Relationship --- p.95 / Chapter 4.4 --- Greenpeace - Local NGOs Relationship --- p.96 / Chapter 4.5 --- Greenpeace - Others INGOs and Greenpeace International Relationship --- p.101 / Chapter 4.6 --- Unique factor: “Clan´ح in the operation of TANs --- p.105 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- CONCLUSION --- p.108 / Appendixes --- p.118 / Bibliography --- p.120

published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The emergence of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) in the early 1990s represented the radicalization of the Filipino Muslim separatist movement. Despite the initial success of the joint Philippine and U.S. Balikatan exercise against the Abu Sayyaf on 2002, the ASG has continued to carry out attacks on lightly guarded or "soft" targets, the same way international terrorist groups have been known to do. The anarchic region of Central Mindanao has become a training base for the Southeast Asian terror organizations and a refuge for Abu Sayyaf. The war on terrorism has changed the lives of the Filipinos and strained the capacities of the government. Over the years, the Philippines has fought terrorism in many ways. It has retaliated militarily, prosecuted terrorists, preempted terrorist attacks, implemented defensive measures, and addressed some of the causes of terrorism. To some degree, all suffer from limited effectiveness and applicability. This thesis analyzes the Philippine response to terrorism and determines how it should develop an effective strategy to counter terrorism. This study also discusses the government organizational structure and the problems faced by the Philippine government agencies in addressing the terrorism specifically posed by the Abu Sayyaf. In addition, this thesis presents a case study of Abu Sayyaf by analyzing its organizational and operational tools in the maintenance of its terrorist capability. Finally, this thesis examines the government bureaucracy and its capability to respond to the threats posed by terrorism. / Colonel, Philippine Air Force

This paper is a comparative analysis of U.S. foreign policy towards Iran and the Philippines. The question which prompted this research topic was simple: why was the outcome for the United States so different in terms of subsequent relations with each state after the downfall of the Shah and Ferdinand Marcos? Both leaders were important U.S. allies in strategic states that had benefited from foreign aid. Opposition groups in each state resented this support of their repressive leaders. Unlike Iran, good relations with the Philippines continued during the Aquino presidency, without the resentment and mistrust which prevented good relations after the Shah's departure.

During the ten years following the Spanish American War (1898 to 1908), Major General Leonard Wood served as the primary agent of American imperialism. Wood was not only a proconsul of the new American Empire; he was a symbol of the empire and the age in which he served. He had the distinction of directing civil and military government in Cuba and the Philippines where he implemented the imperial policies given to him by the administrations of William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. In Cuba, he labored to rebuild a state and a civil society crippled by decades of revolutionary ferment and guided the administration's policy through the dangerous channels of Cuban politics in a way that satisfied – at least to the point of avoiding another revolution – both the Cubans and the United States. In the Philippines, Wood took control of the Moro Province and attempted to smash the tribal-religious leadership of Moro society in order to bring it under direct American rule. His personal ideology, the imperial policies he shepherded, and the guidance he provided to fellow military officers and the administrations he served in matters of colonial administration and defense shaped the American Empire and endowed it with his personal stamp.

Integrated curriculum has received a great deal of attention in education settings and the word 'integration' in the integrated curriculum is viewed as a method of teaching and learning underpinned with the theory of constructivism. Integration is one of the approaches in the present curriculum of South Africa and the / Thesis (M.Ed.) - University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, 2005.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1984. / Bibliography: leaves [259]-275. / Photocopy. / Microfilm. / xvii, 275 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2004. / Thesis Advisor(s): Kalev I. Sepp. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-96). Also available online.