Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Philosophy, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Nov. 27, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-146). Also issued in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 329-337). Also available online.

This thesis sets out an argument against the present interpretation of the concept of autonomy under the European Court of Human Rights (the ECtHR) Article 8 jurisprudence and proposes a new reading of the concept that is rooted in an acknowledgment and appreciation of human interdependence. Following the prevailing political, legal and socio-cultural ideas and ideals about autonomy, the ECtHR has chosen to furnish its recent Article 8 case law according to the values characteristic of the notion of individual autonomy – independence, selfsufficiency, and the ability to conduct one’s life in a manner of one’s own choosing. Adopting this individualistic view on autonomy, the ECtHR sets normative standards for behaviour that the thesis challenges as being detrimental for the quality of interpersonal relationships. The work draws on sociological theory to argue that in modern individualised societies people are increasingly tied to each other – one has to be socially sensitive and to be able to relate to others and to obligate oneself, in order to manage and organise the complexities of everyday life. This also means that there are attendant obligations between individuals to be sensitive towards, and care for, each other. It is argued that an effective exercise of one’s autonomy becomes necessarily dependent on the existence of caring and trusting relationships. This in turn requires the ECtHR to adopt an appropriate conceptualisation of autonomy that embraces this knowledge and gives full effect to it. The concept of caring autonomy is proposed as a replacement for an individualistic concept of autonomy. It will be argued that this concept captures better the essentiality of human interdependence and the morality it calls for. The implications of this for the future direction of the ECtHR jurisprudence are also considered.

Diss. Linköping : Univ.

<p> This thesis considers the prospects for including respect for patient autonomy as a value in veterinary medical ethics. Chapter One considers why philosophers have traditionally denied autonomy to animals and why this is problematic; I also present contemporary accounts of animal ethics that recognize animals&rsquo; capacity for and exercise of autonomy (or something similar, such as agency) as morally important. In Chapter Two, I review veterinary medical ethics today, finding that respect for patient autonomy is undiscussed or rejected outright as irrelevant. Extrapolating mainstream medical ethics&rsquo; account of autonomy to veterinary medicine upholds this conclusion, as it would count all patients as &ldquo;never-competent&rdquo; and consider determining their autonomous choices impossible; thus welfare alone would be relevant. Chapter Three begins, in Part I, by describing the ways we routinely override patient autonomy in veterinary practice, both in terms of <i>which</i> interventions are selected and <i>how</i> care is delivered. I also show that some trends in the field suggest a nascent, implicit respect for patient autonomy. Part II of Chapter Three presents feminist criticisms of the mainstream approach to patient autonomy. I argue that the relational approach to autonomy advocated by such critics can be meaningfully applied in the veterinary realm. I advance an approach that conceives respect for patient autonomy in diachronic and dialogic terms, taking the patient as the foremost locus of respect. In Chapter Four, I turn to issues of practical implementation, such as interpreting what constitutes an animal&rsquo;s values and concerns, and assessing the effect of positive reinforcement training on autonomy. The Conclusion offers areas for future research while refuting the objection that a simpler, expanded welfare-based approach would yield the same substantive recommendations as my account.</p><p>

O cuidado em saúde tem sido um tema abordado atualmente por autores da Saúde Coletiva. Estas práticas e estudos refletem dois modos de se conceber o cuidado aparentemente antagônicos, ora baseados na instrumentalidade, com ênfase nos procedimentos e nas intervenções técnicas, ora com foco na relação de encontro entre profissionais e usuários dos serviços de saúde. A partir de uma leitura crítica desse conjunto de estudos, este trabalho procura não opor os dois grupos identificados, acentuando suas diferenças e supostas incompatibilidades, mas sim articulá-los em sua complementaridade por meio da ontologia fundamental de Martin Heidegger. Em Ser e Tempo, obra originalmente publicada em 1927, Heidegger desconstrói a ontologia tradicional, da qual o conhecimento da ciência e o da vida cotidiana são desdobramentos para reconstruir uma nova ontologia que busque os fundamentos da existência humana. Considerando que em toda prática de saúde há uma concepção de homem e de mundo que a sustenta, um retorno aos fundamentos mostra-se essencial para uma reconstrução das práticas de saúde e do cuidado / Care in healthcare has been a subject currently approached by authors in the field of Collective Health. Both practices and studies reflect two ways of conceiving care, which are only apparently antagonistic. Part of them being based on instrumentality, with emphasis on the procedures and technical interventions, and part with a focus on the relationship between health professionals and the users of healthcare services. Based on a critical reading of this collection of studies, this work intends not to oppose the two groups identified, accentuating their differences and supposed incompatibilities, but to articulate them in their complementarity through the use of Martin Heideggers fundamental ontology. In Being and Time, originally published in 1927, Heidegger deconstructs traditional ontology, which scientific and everyday knowledge unfold from, to reconstruct a new ontology which searches for the fundamentals of human existence. Considering that in every health practice there is a conception of man and world that sustains it, a return to these fundamentals proves itself to be essential for a reconstruction of health practices and care

Thesis (Doctoral)--King's College (University of London), 1998. / BLDSC reference no.: D218276. Includes bibliographical references.

O cuidado em saúde tem sido um tema abordado atualmente por autores da Saúde Coletiva. Estas práticas e estudos refletem dois modos de se conceber o cuidado aparentemente antagônicos, ora baseados na instrumentalidade, com ênfase nos procedimentos e nas intervenções técnicas, ora com foco na relação de encontro entre profissionais e usuários dos serviços de saúde. A partir de uma leitura crítica desse conjunto de estudos, este trabalho procura não opor os dois grupos identificados, acentuando suas diferenças e supostas incompatibilidades, mas sim articulá-los em sua complementaridade por meio da ontologia fundamental de Martin Heidegger. Em Ser e Tempo, obra originalmente publicada em 1927, Heidegger desconstrói a ontologia tradicional, da qual o conhecimento da ciência e o da vida cotidiana são desdobramentos para reconstruir uma nova ontologia que busque os fundamentos da existência humana. Considerando que em toda prática de saúde há uma concepção de homem e de mundo que a sustenta, um retorno aos fundamentos mostra-se essencial para uma reconstrução das práticas de saúde e do cuidado / Care in healthcare has been a subject currently approached by authors in the field of Collective Health. Both practices and studies reflect two ways of conceiving care, which are only apparently antagonistic. Part of them being based on instrumentality, with emphasis on the procedures and technical interventions, and part with a focus on the relationship between health professionals and the users of healthcare services. Based on a critical reading of this collection of studies, this work intends not to oppose the two groups identified, accentuating their differences and supposed incompatibilities, but to articulate them in their complementarity through the use of Martin Heideggers fundamental ontology. In Being and Time, originally published in 1927, Heidegger deconstructs traditional ontology, which scientific and everyday knowledge unfold from, to reconstruct a new ontology which searches for the fundamentals of human existence. Considering that in every health practice there is a conception of man and world that sustains it, a return to these fundamentals proves itself to be essential for a reconstruction of health practices and care

Resumo: Ao longo da história, o tema da hereditariedade apresentou-se sob interpretações variadas. O desenvolvimento das ciências biológicas permitiu, por um lado, maior conhecimento sobre seus mecanismos; por outro, tornou imprescindível a reflexão sobre determinismos teóricos que parecem recair, principalmente, sobre o campo das ciências da Saúde. A história do movimento eugenista é um evento que permite importantes reflexões sobre o passado e o presente. O termo \"eugenia\" foi criado por Francis Galton em 1883 para nomear uma ciência que visava o melhoramento do patrimônio biológico da humanidade. Para tanto, deveria oferecer teorias e métodos rumo à perfectibilidade física e mental. Renato Kehl (1889-1974), médico e farmacêutico paulista, foi um dos principais expoentes da eugenia brasileira, tomando para si, com afinco, a tarefa de publicista e articulador das sociedades eugênicas que aqui se formaram nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Algumas noções de progresso versus decadência contidas em suas obras em prol do movimento médico-eugenista - publicadas majoritariamente entre 1917 e 1940 - são tratadas nesta dissertação. Fizeram parte da campanha eugenista brasileira os debates acerca da esterilização dos \"indesejados\", das restrições matrimoniais e imigratórias e do confinamento dos chamados \"denegerados\". Nesse contexto o movimento eugenista foi apresentado pelos seus defensores como solução contra a supostamente inevitável e alarmante decadência que acometia o país que se formava / Throughout history the subject of heredity showed up in varied interpretations. The development of life sciences has greater insight into its mechanisms; on the other hand, it becomes indispensable to reflect on theoretical determinisms that appear to fall mainly on the field of Health Sciences. The history of the eugenics is an event that allows important reflections on the past and present. The term \"eugenics\" was coined by Francis Galton in 1883 to name the science of the improvement of the biological heritage of humanity. It should offer theories and methods towards mental and physical perfectibility. Renato Kehl (1889-1974), brazilian physician and pharmacist, was one of the main exponents of Brazilian eugenics, publicist and articulator of eugenic societies formed in the early decades of the twentieth century. Some notions of progress versus decay contained in his works - mostly published between 1917 and 1940 -are treated in this dissertation. Part of the Brazilian eugenics campaign debates about the sterilization of \"unwanted\", about marriage and immigration restrictions and confinement of so-called degenerate. In this context the eugenics movement was presented by its enthusiasts as a solution against the supposedly inevitable and alarming decay that affected the nation

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala University, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-207) and index.