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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Analyse de l'activation de la voie PI3K/AKT dans le lymphome folliculaire / Analysis of the activation of the PI3K / AKT pathway in follicular lymphoma

Yahiaoui-Bentounsi, Ouardia Imene 11 December 2014 (has links)
La voie PI3K/AKT est impliquée dans la progression de divers cancers humains, et semble jouer un rôle majeur dans le développement de tumeurs lymphoïdes. Elle pourrait être impliquée dans la pathogénie du lymphome folliculaire (LF) par certains mécanismes non identifiés. Les travaux de thèse portent sur l'étude des anomalies de la voie PI3K/AKT dans le LF, dans le but d'apporter une nouvelle cible thérapeutique. 38 biopsies tissulaires de LF humain ont été étudiées pour une analyse mutationnelle du gène PIK3CA dans les exons 9 et 20 par séquençage. Les mêmes échantillons ont été analysés par western blot et immunohistochimie pour détecter l'expression des protéines AKT, AKT phosphorylée (pAKT), et PTEN. Deux cas de lymphadénite ont été utilisés comme témoins.Les résultats obtenus montrent que l'expression d'AKT était présente dans tous les cas de LF et lymphadénite, et 14/38 (37%) échantillons de LF et 2/2 cas de lymphadénite exprimaient pAKT. 9/38 (24%) échantillons de LF ont montré un niveau élevé d'expression de pAKT, alors que 5/38 (13%) cas de LF, et 2/2 échantillons de lymphadénite montraient un faible niveau d'expression de pAKT. L'expression de PTEN a été observée dans 30/38 (79%) cas de LF et 2/2 cas de lymphadénite, tandis que 8/38 (21%) cas ont montré une perte d'expression de PTEN. En outre, 3 cas qui expriment pAKT montrent une perte d'expression de PTEN. Aucune mutation du gène PIK3CA n'a été détectée dans les échantillons étudiés. Ces données suggèrent que la voie PI3K/AKT peut être activée dans certains cas de LF, soit en raison de la phosphorylation d'AKT, soit en raison d'une perte d'expression de PTEN, en absence de mutations de PIK3CA. / The phosphoinositide 3- kinase (PI3K) pathway is involved in the growth of various human cancers, including lymphoid malignancies. However its role in the pathogenesis of follicular lymphoma (FL) has not been yet described.The PhD work focuses on the study of alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway in follicular lymphoma, in order to provide a new therapeutic target.To clarify this point, biopsy tissue samples from 38 human FL cases were investigated for PIK3CA somatic mutations in exons 9 and 20 using Sanger sequencing. The same samples were analyzed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry to detect expression of AKT, phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), and PTEN proteins. Two cases of benign lymphadenitis were used as controls. AKT expression was present in all FL and lymphadenitis cases. 14/38 (37%) FL and 2/2 lymphadenitis cases expressed pAKT. 9/38 (24%) FL samples showed high level of pAKT, whereas 5/38 (13%) FL cases and 2/2 benign lymphadenitis samples expressed pAKT at low level. PTEN expression was observed in 30/38 (79%) FL and 2/2 benign lymphadenitis cases, whereas 8/38 (21%) of FL cases showed loss of PTEN expression. In addition, 3 cases with positive pAKT did not express PTEN. PIK3CA mutations were not detected in any sample. These data suggest that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway could be activated in a subset of FL cases, due to either AKT phosphorylation or PTEN downregulation, in the absence of PIK3CA mutations.
2

Modulation of mGlu5 Improves Sensorimotor Gating Deficits in Rats Neonatally Treated With Quinpirole Through Changes in Dopamine D2 Signaling

Brown, Russell W., Varnum, Christopher G., Wills, Liza J., Peeters, Loren D., Gass, Justin T. 01 December 2021 (has links)
This study analyzed whether the positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGlu5) 3-Cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) benzamide (CDPPB) would alleviate deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) and affect dopamine (DA) D2 signaling in the dorsal striatum and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the neonatal quinpirole (NQ) model of schizophrenia (SZ). Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were neonatally treated with either saline (NS) or quinpirole HCL (1 mg/kg; NQ), a DAD2 receptor agonist, from postnatal days (P) 1–21. Rats were raised to P44 and behaviorally tested on PPI from P44-P48. Before each trial, rats were subcutaneous (sc) administered saline or CDPPB (10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg). On P50, rats were given a spontaneous locomotor activity test after CDPPB or saline administration. On P51, the dorsal striatum and PFC were evaluated for both arrestin-2 (βA-2) and phospho-AKT protein levels. NQ-treated rats demonstrated a significant deficit in PPI, which was alleviated to control levels by the 30 mg/kg dose of CDPPB. There were no significant effects of CDPPB on locomotor activity. NQ treatment increased βA-2 and decreased phospho-AKT in both the dorsal striatum and PFC, consistent with an increase DAD2 signaling. The 30 mg/kg dose of CDPPB significantly reversed changes in βA-2 in the dorsal striatum and PFC and phospho-AKT in the PFC equivalent to controls. Both doses of CDPPB produced a decrease of phospho-AKT in the PFC compared to controls. This study revealed that a mGlu5 positive allosteric modulator was effective to alleviate PPI deficits and striatal DAD2 signaling in the NQ model of SZ.
3

Quantitative Proteinexpressionsanalysen in den klinisch-pathologischen Subtypen Gastrointestinaler Stromatumoren (GIST) / The analysis of the quantitative protein expression in the clinical-pathological subtypes of Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)

Helfrich, Joel 02 March 2011 (has links)
No description available.

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