Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Freiberg (Sachsen).

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-21T13:39:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana dos Santos Severiano.pdf: 1153405 bytes, checksum: fb7c8b63673224521d85d2d6e04afa79 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-21T13:39:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana dos Santos Severiano.pdf: 1153405 bytes, checksum: fb7c8b63673224521d85d2d6e04afa79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The phytoplankton community can be regulated by the bottom-up controls (nutrients) and top-down (predators). The availability of nutrients has been considered as the most significant factor in this regulation, however, studies show that phytoplankton can also be strongly regulated by zooplankton. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of varying the concentration of nutrients (N: P ratio) and herbivory exercised by zooplankton on the structure and biomass of phytoplankton, with emphasis on species-specific response of phytoplankton to the effects of these factors. Sub-samples of 700 ml of water in a eutrophic environment (Apipucos reservoir, Brazil) were placed in 1 liter Erlenmeyer flasks and maintained in the laboratory for 7 days. Three experiments were conducted separately and maintained for each of these treatments included the addition of nutrients to maintain DIN different reasons: E (N: P ratio 16, 60 and 5), presence and absence of zooplankton. The nitrogen source used was a phosphorus NaNO3 and the KH2PO4. Zooplankton added was obtained in the reservoir water. Phytoplankton community in terms of total biomass was not affected when kept under different nitrogen and phosphorus reasons while herbivory caused significant reduction. The community composition has changed, with the response to the effects of these factors are species-specific. The diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing was dominant in the treatments and the main species preyed upon by zooplankton. In the absence of zooplankton, this species showed exponential growth in all the experiments, mainly in the N: P ratio 60. The ratio N: P optimal for the growth of green algae ranged from 5: 1 to 60: 1, with species with more a great reason to grow. The green algae Desmodesmus protuberans (Fritsch and Rich) E. Hegewald, D. quadricauda (Turpin) Hegewald and Pediastrum duplex Meyen did not have growth negatively affected by zooplankton, while Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya & Subba Raju, growth was stimulated by the presence zooplankton. These results demonstrate the importance of both nutrients as of herbivory in regulating the composition and biomass of phytoplankton and reinforce the need for evaluation of phytoplankton response to specific level for a better understanding of the importance and magnitude of these factors. / A comunidade fitoplanctônica pode ser regulada pelos controles bottom-up (nutrientes) e top-down (predadores). A disponibilidade de nutrientes vem sendo considerada como o fator mais expressivo nesta regulação, entretanto, estudos mostram que o fitoplâncton também pode ser fortemente regulado pelo zooplâncton. Experimentos foram realizados para estudar os efeitos da variação na concentração dos nutrientes (razão N:P) e da herbivoria exercida pelo zooplâncton sobre a estrutura e biomassa do fitoplâncton, dando ênfase na resposta espécie-específica do fitoplâncton aos efeitos desses fatores. Sub-amostras de 700 ml da água de um ambiente eutrófico (Reservatório de Apipucos, Brasil) foram colocadas em Erlenmeyers de 1 litro e mantidas em laboratório, durante 7 dias. Três experimentos foram conduzidos separadamente, sendo mantidos para cada um destes, tratamentos que incluíam a adição de nutrientes de forma a manter diferentes razões DIN:PT (razão N:P 16, 60 e 5), com presença e ausência do zooplâncton. A fonte de nitrogênio utilizada foi o NaNO3 e a de fósforo o KH2PO4. O zooplâncton adicionado foi obtido da água do reservatório. A comunidade fitoplanctônica, em termos de biomassa total, não foi afetada quando mantida sob as diferentes razões nitrogênio e fósforo, enquanto a herbivoria provocou redução significativa. A composição da comunidade foi alterada, com a resposta aos efeitos desses fatores sendo espécie-específica. A diatomácea Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing foi dominante nos tratamentos e a principal espécie predada pelo zooplâncton. Na ausência dos organismos zooplanctônicos, esta espécie apresentou crescimento exponencial em todos os experimentos, principalmente, na razão N:P 60. A razão N:P ótima para o crescimento das clorofíceas variou de 5:1 a 60:1, com espécies apresentando mais de uma razão ótima para crescer. As clorofíceas Desmodesmus protuberans (Fritsch e Rich) E. Hegewald, D. quadricauda (Turpin) Hegewald e Pediastrum duplex Meyen não tiveram o crescimento negativamente afetado pelo zooplâncton, enquanto Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya & Subba Raju, teve o crescimento estimulado pela presença do zooplâncton. Estes resultados demonstram a importância tanto dos nutrientes quanto da herbivoria na regulação da composição e biomassa do fitoplâncton e reforçam a necessidade da avaliação da resposta do fitoplâncton a nível específico para uma melhor compreensão da importância e magnitude desses fatores.

The aim of this work is to prepare white emitting electroluminescent device using printing techniques. Preparation options are discussed in order to minimise reabsorption in the phosphor layer and thus increase the overall radiation intensity. Model devices were prepared, the active layer of phosphor printed in a pattern of stripes and circles. The impact of the applied voltage and frequency was studied on these devices. It has been shown that, in terms of white emission, it is better to use the patterns compared to the phosphor mixture. The ratios of emission intensities of both phosphors are more even, therefor closer to the white light. The output of this work is model designed to determine the necessary frequency area for obtaining the white emission of ACEL device.

The effects of fin-leading-edge radius and sweep angle on peak heating rates due to shock-shock interactions were investigated in the NASA Langley Research Center 20-inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel.  The fin model leading edges, which represent cylindrical leading edges or struts on hypersonic vehicles, were varied from 0.25 inches to 0.75 inches in radius.  A 9° wedge generated a planar oblique shock at 16.7° to the flow that intersected the fin bow shock, producing a shock-shock interaction that impinged on the fin leading edge.  The fin angle of attack was varied from 0° (normal to the free-stream) to 15° and 25° swept forward.  Global temperature data was obtained from the surface of the fused silica fins through phosphor thermography.  Metal oil flow models with the same geometries as the fused silica models were used to visualize the streamline patterns for each angle of attack.  High-speed zoom-schlieren videos were recorded to show the features and temporal unsteadiness of the shock-shock interactions.  The temperature data were analyzed using one-dimensional semi-infinite as well as one- and two-dimensional finite-volume methods to determine the proper heat transfer analysis approach to minimize errors from lateral heat conduction due to the presence of strong surface temperature gradients induced by the shock interactions.  The general trends in the leading-edge heat transfer behavior were similar for the three shock-shock interactions, respectively, between the test articles with varying leading-edge radius.  The dimensional peak heat transfer coefficient augmentation increased with decreasing leading-edge radius.  The dimensional peak heat transfer output from the two-dimensional code was about 20% higher than the value from a standard, semi-infinite one-dimensional method. / Master of Science

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第18380号 / 人博第693号 / 新制||人||166(附属図書館) / 25||人博||693(吉田南総合図書館) / 31238 / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 田部 勢津久, 教授 加藤 立久, 教授 杉山 雅人, 教授 森本 芳則, 教授 山本 行男 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第23975号 / 人博第1027号 / 新制||人||242(附属図書館) / 2022||人博||1027(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 田部 勢津久, 教授 吉田 寿雄, 教授 中村 敏浩, 教授 田中 勝久 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

No description available.

The work described in this thesis was aimed at understanding the reactions taking place on heating Y2O3:Eu3+ phosphor precursors in the nano particle size regime. Herein combustion syntheses to prepare nanometer sized crystallites of cubic Y2O3:Eu3+ using precursors containing sacrificial long chain alkylammonium cations (the fuel) are reported. Using this method it proved possible to produce cubic Y2O3:Eu3+ crystallites in the 20-70nm size range. The presence of CO2 bands in the infra red spectra of the surface of the cubic Y2O3:Eu3+ crystallites are also reported. These bands are identical in position to those found in [(Y, Eu)OHCO3.H2O], and are explained as arising from the spontaneous reaction of the surface of the nanometer sized particles of cubic Y2O3:Eu3+ with atmospheric CO2 and water vapour. This indicates that nanometer sized particles of cubic Y2O3:Eu3+ are thermodynamically unstable in the atmosphere and must be protected against such back reactions. This could be done with surface coatings. Precursors of the products were prepared from methanolic and ethanolic solutions and then these were fired at temperatures of 650 and 900°C. Products (samples) prepared at a temperature of 900°C were observed to be all white powders in colour. Under 254nm uv excitation the samples prepared at 650°C displayed a weak red luminescence which was in contrast to the strong red luminescence from the samples prepared at 900°C that is characteristic of the Eu3+ ion in cubic Y2O3. The strongest red luminescence comes from 1:3 material sample ratios prepared at 900°C. The understanding of the chemistry behind the reactions and the characterisation and properties of the products formed are the major aims of the work reported here.

A comprehensive investigation was reported into the synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence properties of calcium metaniobates and associated alkali earth alloy systems. Previous studies have shown that calcium metaniobate exhibits a strong self-activated blue luminescence at room temperature in stark contrast to the pyroniobates which are known to exhibit a temperature dependent luminescence that quenches above 100 K. The mechanism of this behavior has been studied by measuring the spectral characteristics of the photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectra on the crystalline and morphological properties of the powders as determined from x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. By correlating the synthesis parameters with the physical, chemical and optical properties of calcium metaniobate, the optimum conditions for efficient blue-visible emission and chemical stability under vacuum ultraviolate (VUV) radiation has been determined. These materials have the potential to replace Barium Magnesium Aluminate, which is currently used as the blue phosphor in plasma displays.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Synthese von phosphorhaltigen Verbindungen, ausgehend von Phosphor(III)- bzw. Phosphor(V)-halogeniden und Salicylalkohol- bzw. 2,2‘-Dihydroxydiphenylmethanderivaten, in Gegenwart einer Base beschrieben. Es wird deren Struktur und dynamisches Verhalten in Lösung diskutiert und mit der Struktur im Festkörper verglichen. Weiterführend werden die erhaltenen Monomere im Hinblick auf die thermisch initiierbare und kationisch katalysierte Zwillingspolymerisation untersucht. Die Struktur und Eigenschaften der nach der Polymerisation erhaltenen Hybridmaterialien werden diskutiert. Es werden zudem Untersuchungen angeführt, welche die thermisch initiierte simultane Zwillingspolymerisation einer Modellverbindung mit einem bisher bekannten Zwillingsmonomer, 2,2‘-Spirobi(4H-benzo[1,3,2]dioxasilan) beschreibt und die Struktur, sowie Eigenschaften des resultierenden Hybridmaterials diskutiert. Die Untersuchungen zur Struktur der erhaltenen Hybridmaterialien werden hauptsächlich mittels NMR Spektroskopie geführt. Zur Analyse der einzelnen Verbindungen wird das Verfahren der Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse genutzt. Weitere Analytik, wie die thermogravimetrische Analyse, der horizontale und der vertikale Brandtest werden durchgeführt und mit bestehenden Systemen verglichen. Zudem erfolgt die Ermittlung des Limited Oxygen Index und der Vergleich gegenüber bestehenden, kommerziellen Verbindungen. Die durch die simultane Zwillingspolymerisation erhaltenen Hybridmaterialien werden als potentielle Haftvermittler untersucht und exemplarisch die Verbunde aus Al6082, Zwillingspolymerisat und PA6 mittels Zugscherversuchen charakterisiert.