published_or_final_version / abstract / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

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The author's Habilitationsschrift--Düsseldorf. / Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-200).

The main body of this creative project is divided into four sections. The first three sections will contain the listing of terminology used in the three main components of the criminal justice system; law enforcement, courts, and corrections. These three sections are further subdivided into three subheadings: terms applying to adult procedures, terms applying to juvenile procedures, and related Supreme Court decisions. The fourth section includes relevant journals and organizations that are related to the three main components of the criminal justice system.The purpose of this creative project is to provide Ball State University Criminal Justice and Corrections students with a listing of criminal justice terminology currently used in the criminal justice system.It is imperative that Criminal Justice and Corrections students at this university have a basic understanding of the terminology used in the criminal justice system, enabling the student to perform satisfactorily in the practical. and academic aspects of the Criminal Justice and Corrections curriculum, and later as a professional in one of the three main components of the criminal justice system.

The author's Habilitationsschrift--Düsseldorf. / Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-200).

This thesis has aimed to set out the classification and word production of foreign-inspired Chinese terms (FICT) within the language system of modern Chinese. FICT refers to a group of vocabulary items in Chinese as a recipient language, where formation is motivated by foreign entities or concepts and designated by some foreign words, but no established foreign elements are in fact transferred from the donor language. The thesis establishes a group of terms identified as a particular category of Chinese borrowings according to the motivation of word production, concerning human bodily perception and cognition experience of foreign entities or concepts. Chinese borrowing is categorized as four types: phonic loans, semantic loans, loan blends and FICT, based on the motivation of sound, form and meaning of foreign words, and sensory perception and cognition of foreign entities and concepts. Cognitive semantics, adopted as an approach in the thesis, is a study of mind and its relationship with embodied experience and culture. Employing language as a key methodological tool for uncovering conceptual organization and structure, this study explores the methods of FICT word production, such as sensory perceptual and metaphorical production in terms of principles of cognitive semantics within the Chinese language system. The various types of Chinese borrowings are analysed in terms of the theory of categorization, and FICT in particular are examined under the semantic model proposed here. It is hoped that the thesis is able to open a new approach to the investigation of Chinese loan words and the process of FICT word production within cognitive semantics. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Attributive phrases of advertising text Attributive phrases are one of the most important methods to express syntax of advertising text. These texts clearly states the domination of qualifying attributive phrases (86,4 %). Possessive phrases here are rare (10,3 %) and secondary name phrases are almost unrepresentative (3,3 %). An object in the advertisement is defined not directly. Dominant kinds of qualifying attributive phrases emphasise actual attributive relationship in the advertisement text. The biggest part among the qualifying attributive phrases institutes clear feature phrases in the exploratory texts (large package, ideal cleanness), which generally state non-inherent feature of an object (fantastic shine, ideal cleanness, special flavour), defining (varietals) feature (cool tankard, mobile connection), the quantity of features (intensity) (more tasty cheese, the hottest news). The advertisement also features with purposive (14,7 %) (air fresher, supermarket) and distinctive feature phrases (12,3 %) (sweet curd, products of highest quality) which differentiates audio and written advertising texts – audio advertisements have less such phrases, because imitating of live situations where the purpose of an object and show up are not declared so freely. These texts feature also such attributive phrases whose possessive component, verbal (more rarely adjectival) noun together with the main one express objective relations (9,4 %) (displaying of goods, accommodation... [to full text]

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the je-ne-sais-quoi through its history and its pre-history. When we are moved by something we cannot identify, but whose effects we cannot fail to recognize, how should we try and come to terms with our experience? The je-ne-sais-quoi rises to prominence as a keyword in such discussions during the period studied. This thesis offers the first full-length study of the word and its significance to literary and philosophical writing of that period. It traces its precursors, its rise as a noun in mid-seventeenth-century France and England, and its fall from grace. Previous historical work has generally restricted the word's application to aesthetics; this study examines its significance in the philosophy of nature and the passions as well as culture. It combines historical method and philosophical enquiry to inform the close analysis of examples. The aim is to consider what the je-ne-sais-quoi is and how it finds expression in writing. A fourfold thesis is proposed, (i) The lexical je-ne-sais-quoi, in its core meaning, refers to an inexplicable force with sudden and vital effects, (ii) This force remains ever on the move by unsettling sedimented words, passing through current ones, and abandoning these as they too undergo sedimentation, (iii) The word history of the je-ne-sais-quoi,/em> encapsulates this movement. The term is first used to unsettle its semantic precursors (by Descartes and others), becomes current in writing of the mid-seventeenth century (that of Corneille and Pascal in particular), but soon settles into the sediment of polite culture (as Méré, Bouhours, and English Restoration comedy show), (iv) Returning the word to the mobile non-substantival forms of its pre-history in Montaigne, to whom a chapter-length study is devoted, uncovers a form of writing that captures the force of the je-ne-sais-quoi better than the settled word itself. The task of literature is to lend form to the je-ne-sais-quoi by naming it in its inexplicable reality and by describing how it falls, like a disaster, into our experience.

Thesis--Würzburg. / Published also as v. 4 of Beiträge zur historischen Syntax der griechischen Sprache. Bibliography.

This study aims to investigate how second language (L2) learners’ first language (L1) affects the acquisition of locative phrases in Chinese by examining the performance of L2 Chinese learners with different L1s (L1 English and L1 Korean learners). Locative phrases in Chinese introduced by preposition zài ‘at’ can occur in two positions in a sentence: between a subject and a verb (preverbal position); after a verb (postverbal position). A preverbal locative phrase indicates the general location where an event happens. However, a postverbal locative phrase occurs with restrictions (Li and Thompson, 1981; Liu, 2009) and carries a distinctive semantic function indicating the location where an action ends up (Fan, 1986). These characteristics of locative phrases in Chinese cause difficulties for L2 learners. In the field of Chinese as Second Language or Foreign Language, the preposition zài ‘at’ is the most frequent preposition, but it also incurs the most errors among learners’ usage (Ding and Shen, 2001; Zhao, 2000). It has been assumed L1 Influence is the main contributing factor (Cui, 2005; Ding and Shen, 2001), but to date relatively little empirical research has been done. The present study compares the performance between two L1 groups. The participants were studying Chinese as a foreign language in the US and in South Korea respectively. Three experiments were conducted: a grammaticality judgment, a picture-meaning match, and an open-ended short essay. The grammaticality judgment experiment was designed to investigate how learners’ L1 affects their judgment of grammaticality; the picture-meaning match experiment explored learners’ knowledge on meaning differences between preverbal and postverbal locative phrases; the open-ended short essay experiment examined L1 influence on the use of locative phrases in learners’ writings. Performance of the participants was compared in three ways, following the methodology suggested by Jarvis (2000): within each L1 group (intra L1 group), between L1 English and L1 Korean (inter L1 group), and between each learner group and the NS group (inter L1 group congruity). Results show that L1 influence is significant only when there is a mismatch between L1 and L2. The results confirm that preverbal locative phrases are acquired earlier than postverbal locative phrases, regardless of learners’ L1. Possible factors that may affect the acquisition sequence of Chinese locative phrases were also discussed. This study also finds evidence of avoidance (Laufer and Eliasson, 1993) in the usage of postverbal locative phrases among L1 Korean learners.