No description available.

No description available.

The double product break point (DPBP) has been shown to occur in normal and cardiac subjects with values comparable to the ventilatory threshold (VT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intramodal and intermodal reliability of DPBP measurements during treadmill (TM) and cycle ergometry (C) exercise and to compare the DPBP to the VT. Seventeen subjects, (eight men and nine women) ages 18-60 (31.5 ± 12.4 yrs), performed four maximal exercise tests, two utilizing a standardized ramp treadmill and two utilizing an individualized ramp cycle protocol. A minimum of 48 hours separated each test. Double product (DP) was measured every 15 seconds during each test via the Kyokko Bussan CM-4001 automated blood pressure unit. Breath by breath analysis of gas exchange measurements were performed. The DPBP and VT was determined visually by three blinded observers (acceptance criteria being at least 2 observers agreeing within 10%). There were no significant intramodal differences in the V02 at the DPBP (ml'kg'1'min 1) for the two treadmill trials (23.8 + 4.9, 23.2 ±5.0) or for the two cycle trials (21.7 +7.2, 21.7 ±6.4). There was also no significant mean intermodal difference in the V02 at the DPBP for the treadmill and cycle (24.4 + 4.4, 23.1 + 5.8). Intramodal intraclass correlations for the DPBP were 0.84 and 0.79 for the treadmill and cycle, respectively. Intermodal intraclass correlation for the DPBP was 0.85. There were significant differences between the DPBP and the VT for both the treadmill (23.3 + 4.7, 28.2 ± 5.3)and the cycle (22.1 + 7.1, 27.5 ± 10.4). Correlations for the DPBP/VT comparison were 0.43 and 0.78 for the treadmill and cycle, respectively. In conclusion, results of this study suggest that DPBP measurements are reliable both intramodally and intermodally, however due to a wide range in correlations, the results suggest that the DPBP and VT are not occurring at similar V02 values. / School of Physical Education

This study was designed to assess the independent effect of a field learning trial, combined with various forms of exercise intensity feedback on the self-regulation of exercise intensity. Following a treadmill test, 42 males (21.8±2.7yrs) were randomly assigned to one of 3 exercise intensity feedback groups: heart rate (HR), heart rate + rating of perceived exertion (HR+RPE) or no systematic feedback (CONT). Half of the subjects in each group, were paced (P) to target heart rate (THR) during the first 800 meter field trial on day 1. Subjects in the non-paced (NP) groups completed the first trial at a self-selected pace. Following the first trial, subjects were instructed to exercise at their target intensity, and received the designated feedback after each of three 800m trials, on four days (D1-D4) within one week. Deviations (±bpm) from THR were recorded following each trial, and group means (S.D.) are presented below. Differences among groups were tested using a 3-way ANOVA (pacing x feedback x trials) with repeated measures across trials.GROUPDAY 1DAY 2DAY 3DAY 4P HR8.8(4.3)2.5(3.6)5.3(4.3)2.5(4.2)NP HR4.8(9.8)3.1(3.8)1.7(1.7)2.3(3.3)P HR+RPE6.1(6.6)1.3(6.4)2.8(5.8)2.1(3.4)NP HR+RPE9.0(9.0)6.9(6.6)4.3(8.0)3.6(5.7)PCONT5.7(5.9)2.9(12.3)5.4(8.8)2.4(13.5)NP CONT *21.67.316.38.416.010.914.17.5* NP CONT > all other groups on each day (p < 0.05)The pacing x feedback x trials interaction was not significant within any day. All groups increased accuracy from D1-D4, with most of the improvement being noted between D1 & D2 (p < 0.01). The addition of RPE (HR+RPE) feedback during the trials did not result in greater accuracy when compared to HR only feedback. Although both the P CONT & NP CONT groups improved across days, the P-CONT subjects were no less accurate than the groups using HR or HR+RPE feedback. Thus, a single 4-5 minute learning trial was as effective as the use of HR and perceptual feedback in the self-regulation of exercise training intensity in the field setting. / School of Physical Education

No description available.

No description available.

A complete reliability analysis of the AAHPER Test has not been reported in the physical education literature. Previous reports have dealt only with the test-retest reliability coefficients of one or more items. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive reliability analysis of the AAHPER Test items. More specifically the problems of this study were (1) to determine the average and best test-retest reliability coefficients of the test items; (2) to determine the standard error of measurement (absolute accuracy) of the test items as computed by the standard correlation formula method and the analysis of variance technique; (3) to determine if the practice effect is significant for each test item; (4) to determine if the test items measure with an accuracy sufficient to distinguish between the subjects tested; and (5) to determine for each test item if subject differences (differences between subjects) are significantly larger than practice differences (differences between trials). Fifty-seven untrained male students enrolled in the Required Physical Education Programme at the University of British Columbia were tested once a week for four consecutive weeks with the AAHPER Test. The items administered were pull-ups, sit-ups, standing broad jump, shuttle run, 50-yard dash, softball throw and 600-yard run-walk. The data from each test item were analyzed in order to obtain (a) means and standard deviations for each of four trials, (b) between trials correlation coefficients and an average reliability coefficient, (c) standard errors of measurement computed by the standard correlation formula method and the analysis of variance technique, and (d) three F ratios (analysis of variance). It was concluded on the basis of the reliability analysis of the data collected that (1) the average test-retest reliability coefficients of the test items were pull-ups .938, sit-ups .861, standing broad jump .899, shuttle run .776, 50-yard dash .792, softball throw .940 and 600-yard run-walk .759; (2) the standard errors of measurement computed by the standard correlation formula method and the analysis of variance technique were pull-ups (correlation formula method 0.794 and analysis of variance technique 0.834), sit-ups (6.250 and 6.934), standing broad jump (3.124 and 3.353 inches), shuttle run (0.227 and 0.239 seconds), 50-yard dash (0.194 and 0.190 seconds), softball throw (9.100 and 9.170 feet), and 600-yard run-walk (5.000 and 5.660 seconds); (3) analysis of variance results showed a significant practice effect over four trials for all items except the softball throw; (4) analysis of variance results showed that the AAHPER Test items measure with an accuracy sufficient to distinguish between the subjects tested; and (5) analysis of variance results showed that for each test item subject differences are not significantly larger than practice differences; and since they usually are, it can be concluded that the practice effect must have been severe. The findings of this study showed that the pull-ups and softball throw variables were highly reliable. Thus when using these items it seems reasonable to accept first trial scores as sufficiently accurate for both survey and experimental purposes. The standing broad jump, 50-yard dash and the 600-yard run-walk items had relatively high reliability; however, results showed that several preliminary practice trials are probably necessary before scores become sufficiently reliable for research purposes. The sit-ups and shuttle run were the least reliable items of the AAHPER Test. These items seem to require at least four preliminary practice trials before a satisfactory level of reliability can be attained. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of "steady pace" and "interval" training methods upon work output. Thirty-four male University of British Columbia first year students between the ages of nineteen and twenty-one, were selected from the required physical education activity program. Each student was tested on a fixed resistance type bicycle ergometer. The number of revolutions achieved in two minutes was recorded. Two groups were then formed by the "paired comparison" method and trained for six weeks. Both groups did the same amount of work in each training session but each group varied its method of work application, i.e. one group trained at a steady effort while the other group trained at a higher power, with regulated rest periods between bursts of power. Each group was subjected to a two minute test at the intervals of two, four and six weeks after the commencement of training. On the basis of statistical treatment, the following results were evident: 1. There was no statistically significant improvement of work output scores for either group after two weeks of training. 2. After four weeks of training, both groups exhibited marked improvement in work output scores which were statistically significant at the five percent level of confidence. 3. Tests after six weeks of training indicated statistically significant improvements in performance scores in both groups. These scores were statistically significant at the five percent level of confidence. 4. Both types of training, when compared, showed no difference in the results obtained at the end of two, four and six weeks of training. There was no statistically significant difference between the means of each group at the end of two, four and six weeks of regulated training. It was concluded that within the limitations of the study, there was no difference in work output obtained from the results of either "steady" or "interval" types of training provided the total work done by the members of either group was the same. In both groups, however, a statistically significant gain in work output was evident after four and six weeks of training. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

The effect of isometric muscle training on the strength and endurance of junior secondary school boys in tests of trunk flexion was investigated. A group of fifty-one boys was tested for trunk flexor strength by the cable-tensiometer, and for endurance by a sixty-second sit-up test and then matched on the basis of strength scores. The matched subjects were then randomly divided into two groups. One group performed a single, six-second, maximal, isometric trunk flexion exercise five days a week for five weeks, while the other group did not. At the end of the five week training period the two groups were retested for strength and endurance. From the statistical treatment of the data it was concluded (1) that there were significant mean increases in performance in the strength and endurance tests by the isometric muscle training group and the control group, and (2) that there was no significant difference between the gains in strength and endurance made by the training group and the gains in strength and endurance made by the control group. / Education, Faculty of / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training for competitive rowing on cardiovascular condition as measured by the brachial pulse wave (Cameron Heartometer). Brachial pulse wave records were taken on fifteen male subjects (nine varsity and six freshmen rowers) every week over a ten week period. Measurements of fourteen variables were obtained from each individual brachial pulse wave record. The data for each subject consisted of 10 serial measurements for each of 14 brachial pulse wave variables. There were thus 14 variables for each of 15 subjects, giving 210 sets of variables in total. Each of these sets was tested for linearity of regression against number of days elapsed from the beginning of the ten weeks testing period to the time when the pulse wave record was made. As a means of determining relative cardiovascular condition of rowers during training, mean measurements for twelve brachial pulse wave variables of (a) varsity and (b) freshmen crew members were compared with corresponding mean measurements for four non-rowing athletic groups. The brachial pulse wave tracings obtained during the training period suggest that progressive changes in the variables studied were, on the whole, relatively small and unstable. The data suggest that heart rate - blood pressure measurements are fairly sensitive variables in reflecting the effects of training but other measurements of the brachial pulse wave are not. Comparison of the rower's measurements with those of other athletic groups showed that varsity rowers were superior in cardiovascular condition to freshmen rowers before during and after training and that both groups were in many respects superior in cardiovascular condition to other non-rowing athletic groups. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate