Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-08-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:21:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gobatto_fbm_dr_rcla.pdf: 1469429 bytes, checksum: 279faa0b39e5b6d7705ad438bd3e344d (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Há grande importância em determinar a intensidade de exercício para o treinamento em ratos devido ao interesse de diversas áreas de pesquisas, envolvendo distintas condições fisiológicas desses animais. Portanto, é necessário otimizar protocolos de avaliação física para ratos exercitados, aumentando sua aplicabilidade. Desta forma, o objetivo geral da presente tese foi padronizar e testar diferentes modelos invasivos e não invasivos de avaliação aeróbia e anaeróbia em ratos Wistar, alimentados e após 12 horas de jejum, validando-os através da comparação com a máxima fase estável de lactato (MFEL) em dois exercícios distintos: natação e corrida em esteira rolante. Com essa finalidade, ratos jovens foram adaptados de maneira sistematizada à natação e à corrida em esteira rolante, para posterior determinação da zona de transição aeróbia-anaeróbia. Foram utilizados protocolos de limiar anaeróbio obtido por concentração fixa de lactato e inspeção visual do ponto de inflexão lactacidêmico, seguido por bissegmentação das retas de regressão; modelo de potência crítica não invasivo e exaustivo proposto por Monod e Scherrer (1965) e método invasivo e não exaustivo caracterizado por duplos esforços para a obtenção da potência crítica sugerida por Chassain (1986). As intensidades aeróbias foram comparadas à MFEL, considerada o padrão ouro desse sistema. Para a investigação da validade do parâmetro anaeróbio sugerido por Monod e Scherrer (1965), dosagens de reservas intramusculares de glicogênio foram efetuadas após exercício em intensidade equivalente à carga e velocidade crítica. Houve ainda a manipulação do ciclo de luminosidade claro-escuro para verificar os efeitos do ritmo circadiano na determinação de tais capacidades. Apesar das distintas características, todos os protocolos padronizados e utilizados foram capazes de estimar a zona de transição aeróbia-anaeróbia. / For obvious reasons, a large number of studies involving exercise is conducted in laboratory animals, manly rats. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for physical evaluation of exercised rats. The aim of present study was to describe and to test different aerobic and anaerobic evaluation models, invasive or non-invasive, for rats. The protocols were validated using the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Wistar rats were evaluated in two different exercise types: swimming and treadmill running. The Wistar rats were adapted to swimming exercise and treadmill running. After this, we determined the aerobic/anaerobic transition zone. We used three protocols: incremental test for determine the lactate threshold using fixed blood lactate concentration and individual inflection point of blood lactate curve; noninvasive critical power model purposed by Monod and Scherrer (1965) and the double bouts exercise test for non-exhaustive aerobic capacity purposed by Chassain (1986). The aerobic intensities were compared with the MLSS, considered an important indicator of endurance exercise capacity. To investigate the validity of anaerobic parameter suggest by Monod and Scherrer (1965), muscle glycogen stores were accomplished after exercise at intensity equivalent to critical load and critical velocity. The effect of the light-dark cycle on the aerbic and anaerobic capacity was also invetigated.

A hipertrofia cardíaca é caracterizada como um aumento da massa cardíaca e é considerada um mau prognóstico e está associada as diversas formas de insuficiência cardíaca. No entanto, outra forma de resposta hipertrófica pode ser gerada por meio do treinamento físico, o qual produz aumento proporcional da espessura da parede, levando ao fenótipo conhecido como \"coração de atleta\", onde há uma preservação ou melhora na função cardíaca. Ambos fenótipos de remodelamento cardíaco estão estritamente associados às vias canônicas e não canônicas do sistema renina angiotensina (SRA). Estudo prévio do nosso grupo demonstrou, que o treinamento físico aeróbio alterou a expressão de microRNAs envolvidos na regulação do SRA, em especial na regulação da expressão das enzimas chave deste sistema, a enzima conversora de angiotensina 1 (ECA) e enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 (ECA2). Porém, ainda pouco se sabe sobre o papel dos microRNAs na modulação do SRA local cardíaco em resposta ao treinamento físico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo traçar o perfil de expressão de microRNAs entre camundongos treinados e com superexpressão de ECA2 cardíaca. Nós utilizamos para isso, camundongos da linhagem C57BL/6 divididos em três grupos experimentais: 1) Sedentário 2) Grupo Treinado e com 3) superexpressão de ECA2 no coração. A superexpressão de ECA2 cardíaca resultou em aumento da massa cardíaca e na alteração de 14 microRNAs em relação ao grupo controle e o treinamento aeróbio embora não tenha apresentado alteração na massa cardíaca, alterou 4 microRNAs em relação ao controle. Destes microRNAs, 3 microRNAs (-133a-5p, -208a-3p e -215) foram confirmados por RT-qPCR. A busca por alvos preditos destes microRNAs gerou uma lista de 418 genes que resultou em 24 vias de sinalização via KEGG Pathway. Destas, atenção foi dada para as vias pró-hipertróficas de PI3K e MAPK que são conhecidas por participarem do remodelamento cardíaco fisiológico e patológico / Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized as an increase in heart mass and is considered a poor prognostic sign, being associated with the various forms of heart failure. However, another form of hypertrophic response can be generated through physical training, which produces a proportional increase in wall thickness, leading to the phenotype known as the \"athlete\'s heart,\" where there is preservation or improvement in cardiac function. Both phenotypes of cardiac remodeling are strictly associated with the canonical and noncanonical pathways of the renin angiotensin system (RAS). A previous study of our group demonstrated that aerobic physical training altered the expression of microRNAs involved in the regulation of RAS, especially in the regulation of the expression of the key enzymes of this system, angiotensin converting enzyme 1 (ACE) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). However, little is known about the role of microRNAs in modulating cardiac local RAS in response to physical training. The present study aimed to identify the expression profile of microRNAs between trained mice and mice with overexpression of cardiac ACE2. We used C57BL/6 lineage mice divided into three experimental groups: 1) Sedentary 2) Trained Group and 3) overexpression of cardiac ACE2. The overexpression of cardiac ACE2 resulted in an increase in cardiac mass and in the alteration of 14 microRNAs in relation to the control group and the aerobic training, although it did not present alterations in the cardiac mass, altered 4 microRNAs in relation to the control. Of these microRNAs, 3 microRNAs (-133a-5p, -208a-3p and -215-5p) were confirmed by RT-qPCR. The search for predicted targets of these microRNAs generated a list of 418 genes that resulted in 24 signaling pathways via KEGG Pathway. Of these, attention was given to the pro-hypertrophic pathways of PI3K and MAPK that are known to participate in physiological and pathological cardiac remodeling

O protocolo de treinamento de força (TF) 3x15:88s (sériesxrepetições:pausa entre as séries) é usualmente recomendado para hipertensos. Durante a execução dos protocolos de TF a pressão arterial (PA) se eleva expressivamente, o que pode gerar um risco de eventos cardiovasculares indesejados ao hipertenso. A manipulação da densidade de treinamento pode ser uma forma de amenizar esses picos de PA sem alterar o volume ou a intensidade do protocolo de TF. Objetivo: Comparar o efeito agudo da execução de dois protocolos de TF equalizados em densidade sobre as respostas cardiovasculares em hipertensos medicados. Materiais e Métodos: 12 hipertensos essenciais (48±8 anos) executaram dois protocolos de TF equalizados em densidade em dias diferentes e de forma aleatória: A)- 3x15:88s e B)- 9x5:22s com a intensidade de 50%1RM, em dois diferentes exercícios, extensão bilateral de joelhos (EBJ) e flexão unilateral de cotovelo (FUC). Os dois protocolos continham o mesmo número de repetições (45rep) e a mesma duração total de pausa (176s). A PA e frequência cardíaca (FC) foram constantemente monitoradas. Também foi medida a concentração de lactato, a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) e a de recuperação (PSR). Resultados: A ANOVA de dois fatores (protocolo e tempo) revelou maiores deltas de PA sistólica (PAS) no protocolo 3x15:88s tanto no EBJ (+84±39 vs +67±20 mmHg) quanto no FUC (+46±25 vs +37±18 mmHg). Já a PA diastólica (+58±37 vs +39±13 mmHg) também foi maior no protocolo 3x15:88s, mas apenas no EBJ. O protocolo 3x15:88s apresentou maior PSE no EBJ e maior concentração de lactato no FUC. Além disso, os dois protocolos de TF geraram o mesmo estresse cardiovascular médio demonstrado pelo cálculo da área sob a curva de PA a cada batimento cardíaco. Conclusão: O protocolo 9x5:22s foi mais eficaz em reduzir o pico de PA do que o protocolo com característica aos recomendados aos hipertensos. Assim, a aplicação desse protocolo reduz o risco de eventos cardiovasculares indesejados / resistance exercise (RE) protocol composed of 3x15:88s (setsxreps:rest) is usually recommended for hypertensive individuals. During the execution of RE protocols, the blood pressure (BP) rises significantly, which can generate a high risk of cardiovascular events. Manipulation of the work:rest ratio may be a strategy to decrease BP peaks without altering the total work provided by the RE protocol. Objective: To compare the acute effect of two RE protocols equated by work : rest ratio on cardiovascular responses in medicated hypertensive volunteers. Materials and Methods: 12 subjects (48±8 y) performed two RE protocols equated by work:rest ratio on different days and in random order: A)- 3x15:88s and B)- 9x5:22s with the intensity of 50%1RM in two different exercises, bilateral knee extension (BKE) and unilateral elbow flexion (UEF). The two RE protocols contained the same number of reps (45 reps) and the same total rest duration (176s). Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were continuously monitored. Blood lactate concentration, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and rate of perceived recovery (RPR) were also measured. Results: The two-way ANOVA (protocol and time) revealed higher systolic BP delta (SBP) in the 3x15:88s protocol in both BKE (+84±39 vs. +67±20 mmHg) and UEF (+46±25 vs. +37±18 mmHg) exercises. The diastolic BP (DBP) was higher in the 3x15:88s protocol only in the BKE (+58±37 vs 39±13 mmHg). In addition, the 3x15:88s protocol showed higher RPE in the BKE and higher lactate concentration in the UEF. Furthermore, the two protocols generate the same mean cardiovascular stress demonstrate by the blood pressure area under the curve. Conclusion: The protocol 9x5:22s was more effective in reducing the peak of BP than a protocol with the characteristics recommended to hypertensive patients (3x15:88s). Thus, the application of this protocol reduces the risk of cardiovascular events

A hipertrofia cardíaca é caracterizada como um aumento da massa cardíaca e é considerada um mau prognóstico e está associada as diversas formas de insuficiência cardíaca. No entanto, outra forma de resposta hipertrófica pode ser gerada por meio do treinamento físico, o qual produz aumento proporcional da espessura da parede, levando ao fenótipo conhecido como \"coração de atleta\", onde há uma preservação ou melhora na função cardíaca. Ambos fenótipos de remodelamento cardíaco estão estritamente associados às vias canônicas e não canônicas do sistema renina angiotensina (SRA). Estudo prévio do nosso grupo demonstrou, que o treinamento físico aeróbio alterou a expressão de microRNAs envolvidos na regulação do SRA, em especial na regulação da expressão das enzimas chave deste sistema, a enzima conversora de angiotensina 1 (ECA) e enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 (ECA2). Porém, ainda pouco se sabe sobre o papel dos microRNAs na modulação do SRA local cardíaco em resposta ao treinamento físico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo traçar o perfil de expressão de microRNAs entre camundongos treinados e com superexpressão de ECA2 cardíaca. Nós utilizamos para isso, camundongos da linhagem C57BL/6 divididos em três grupos experimentais: 1) Sedentário 2) Grupo Treinado e com 3) superexpressão de ECA2 no coração. A superexpressão de ECA2 cardíaca resultou em aumento da massa cardíaca e na alteração de 14 microRNAs em relação ao grupo controle e o treinamento aeróbio embora não tenha apresentado alteração na massa cardíaca, alterou 4 microRNAs em relação ao controle. Destes microRNAs, 3 microRNAs (-133a-5p, -208a-3p e -215) foram confirmados por RT-qPCR. A busca por alvos preditos destes microRNAs gerou uma lista de 418 genes que resultou em 24 vias de sinalização via KEGG Pathway. Destas, atenção foi dada para as vias pró-hipertróficas de PI3K e MAPK que são conhecidas por participarem do remodelamento cardíaco fisiológico e patológico / Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized as an increase in heart mass and is considered a poor prognostic sign, being associated with the various forms of heart failure. However, another form of hypertrophic response can be generated through physical training, which produces a proportional increase in wall thickness, leading to the phenotype known as the \"athlete\'s heart,\" where there is preservation or improvement in cardiac function. Both phenotypes of cardiac remodeling are strictly associated with the canonical and noncanonical pathways of the renin angiotensin system (RAS). A previous study of our group demonstrated that aerobic physical training altered the expression of microRNAs involved in the regulation of RAS, especially in the regulation of the expression of the key enzymes of this system, angiotensin converting enzyme 1 (ACE) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). However, little is known about the role of microRNAs in modulating cardiac local RAS in response to physical training. The present study aimed to identify the expression profile of microRNAs between trained mice and mice with overexpression of cardiac ACE2. We used C57BL/6 lineage mice divided into three experimental groups: 1) Sedentary 2) Trained Group and 3) overexpression of cardiac ACE2. The overexpression of cardiac ACE2 resulted in an increase in cardiac mass and in the alteration of 14 microRNAs in relation to the control group and the aerobic training, although it did not present alterations in the cardiac mass, altered 4 microRNAs in relation to the control. Of these microRNAs, 3 microRNAs (-133a-5p, -208a-3p and -215-5p) were confirmed by RT-qPCR. The search for predicted targets of these microRNAs generated a list of 418 genes that resulted in 24 signaling pathways via KEGG Pathway. Of these, attention was given to the pro-hypertrophic pathways of PI3K and MAPK that are known to participate in physiological and pathological cardiac remodeling

Firefighting is a strenuous occupation that increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Greater levels of physical fitness and training improve firefighters’ occupational performance, but little is known whether they are related to lower physiological stress and recovery from fire ground tasks. Heart rate, heart rate recovery and heart rate variability have been used to evaluate physical stress in association with exercise and fire ground tasks. However, there is a paucity of research evaluating the effects of physical fitness and training on heart rate dynamics during a simulated fire ground test (SFGT). Therefore, the primary purposes of this study were to evaluate the relationships between heart rate dynamics during a SFGT and to determine the effects of physical characteristics, fitness and physical training on these measures. The secondary purpose was to assess the relationship between maximal pace SFGT time and heart rate responses from a standardized pace SFGT. This information will help to understand the relationship between occupational performance and level of physical stress associated with work on the fire ground. Twenty-one firefighter academy recruits (Age = 28.4 ± 4.0 yr; Height = 177.1 ± 6.9 cm; Body mass = 88.3 ± 15.4 kg) participated in this cross-sectional and longitudinal study. The subjects completed a battery of physical fitness tests, including a 1.5-mile run, maximal pull-ups, push-ups, sit-ups, and isometric plank hold. In addition, the subjects completed a standardized pace SFGT that consisted of typical fire ground tasks performed in succession, without recovery (i.e., high-rise pack carry, hose drag, equipment carry, ladder raise, forcible entry, search, and victim rescue tasks). Heart rate variability was measured pre- and post-SFGT, and heart rate and 60 s heart rate recovery were measured during and post-SFGT, respectively. After a 10 wk physical training intervention, composed of approximately four physical training sessions per week, the measurements were repeated. A subsample of the original cohort (n = 11) also completed a maximal pace SFGT where their completion time was used as a measure of work capacity. Independent variables for this study included the physical and fitness test measures, physical training and maximal pace SFGT completion time. Dependent variables for this study were mean heart rate reserve during the SFGT (HRRes), difference between resting and mean heart rate during SFGT (HRSFGT-Rest), 60-second heart rate recovery (HRR60), and the difference between resting and post-SFGT root mean square of standard deviation between consecutive heart beats in logarithmic scale (LnRMSSDPost-Rest) measured with standardized pace SFGT. Independent and dependent variables were obtained at baseline and after physical training. Pearson r correlation coefficient was used to evaluate associations between outcome measures. Dependent samples t-test was used to compare differences in outcome measures at baseline and following physical training. Linear regression was used to evaluate the association between independent and dependent variables with standardized pace SFGT at baseline. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between maximal pace SFGT time and outcome measures during the standardized pace SFGT. The level of significance was set as p ≤ 0.05 for all statistical analyses. In the standardized pace SFGT there was a positive correlation between HRSFGT-Rest and HRRes (R = .79, p < .01). LnRMSSDPre-Post was positively correlated with HRRes (R = .47; p < .05) HRSFGT-Rest (R = .70; p = .01) and HRPost-Rest (R = .84; p < .01). There was also a significant inverse correlation between HRPost-Rest and HRR60 (R = -.46; p < .05). Greater height and fat-free mass were favorably associated with HRSFGT-Res (R2 = .57; p = .02), HRRes (R2 = .55; p = .003) and HRPost-Rest (R2 = .59; p = .02). Height was also associated with attenuated depression of LnRMSSDRest-Post. After accounting for the effect of other independent variables in the multiple linear regression models, height was the only significant predictor for HRSFGT-Rest (β = -.90), HRRes (β = -.64), HRPost-Rest (β = -.76) and LnRMSSDRest-Post (β = -.06). A significant decrease in HRRes (80.1 ± 6.7% vs. 76.0 ± 6.7%; p < 0.001) and increase in HRR60 (29.4 ± 8.3 b∙min-1 vs. 37.8 ± 9.0 b∙min-1; p < .001) were observed after the physical training intervention. There was a significant correlation between maximal pace SFGT time and the standardized pace SFGT HRR60 (R = -0.70; p = 0.02), but not with other dependent variables. In summary, these findings indicate that greater cardiovascular demand during fire ground tasks is related to greater physical stress and lower parasympathetic activity during recovery. Greater height and fat-free mass as well as physical training are associated with lower physiological stress and accelerated recovery from fire ground tasks. Support for relationships between work capacity and heart rate dynamics during a standardized submaximal pace SFGT is limited, indicating that independent SFGT conditions may be necessary to provide work capacity and health information, respectively.

Bakgrund Det är välkänt att musiker, studerande såväl som praktiserande, ofta drabbas av smärtproblematik och det finns en hög prevalens för smärta i nacke, skuldra, arm och handområden hos violinister.   Syfte Syftet var att belysa och beskriva violiniststudenters upplevelser av att spela med smärtor/skador och upplevelser om underlättande och försvårande faktorer för spel samt deras upplevelser om behandlingar/möjlighet till behandlingar.   Design och metod Studien har en kvalitativ ansats med en explorativ design med semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod.   Resultat Ur analysen identifierades fem kategorier: ”Konsekvenser av smärta och skada vid spel”, ”smärtans påverkan i vardagen”, ”underlättande faktorer för spel”, ”försvårande faktorer för spel”, och ”upplevelser av behandling”. God kunskap hos musikläraren, ergonomi och fysisk träning upplevdes som underlättande faktorer och minskade smärtan. Instrumentets utformning och höga krav upplevdes som försvårande faktorer för spel och påverkade smärtproblematiken negativt. Deras upplevelser av behandling var att vården var oförstående för deras problematik och att mer kunskap om hur de kan få hjälp behövs.   Konklusion Fysisk träning, ergonomi och coping är exempel på faktorer som underlättat för spel och minskat smärtproblematiken hos studenterna. Detta kan vården och specifikt fysioterapeuter hjälpta till med men det behöver utforskas ytterligare för att kunna utveckla anpassade behandlingar för att minska smärtproblematik hos violiniststudenter. / Background It is well known that musicians, both students and working professionals, often are affected by pain related problems and there is a high prevalence for violinists to get pain in the neck, shoulders, arms and hands.   Purpose The purpose of the study was to describe the violin student experiences of pain and/or injuries whilst playing, experiences of aggravating and mitigating factors for playing music and their experiences with therapy/possibilities for therapy.   Design and method The design used was a qualitative and explorative design with semi-structured interviews as the method to collect the data.   Result From the analysis five categories were identified: “Consequences of pain and injurie when playing”, “the pains effect in day to day life”, “aggravating factors for playing”, “mitigating factors for playing” and “experiences with treatments”. The music teacher’s knowledge, ergonomics and physical training was perceived as aggravating factors. The instruments form and high demands was described by the students as mitigating factors for playing music and that it had a negative impact on their pain. Their experiences with therapy/possibilities for therapy was of the sort that the healthcare professionals were uncomprehending about their complex of problems and that more knowledge about how to sufficiently help the students is needed.   Conclusion Physical training, ergonomics and coping are examples of factors that is aggravating for playing and that it has decreased the pain for the students. Healthcare and especially physical therapy can help with this but further research is needed to develop proper treatments to minimize pain for violinist students.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur en gruppverksamhet vars mål är att ge psykosocialt stöd och fysisk aktivitet till män diagnostiserade med prostatacancer bör utformas och presenteras för att tilltala målgruppen. Metod: Studien hade en kvalitativ, deskriptiv ansats och baserades på fem individuella intervjuer och en fokusgruppsintervju . Samtliga intervjuer var semistrukturerade och spelades in. Huvudresultat: Innehållsanalyser av intervjuerna resulterade i följande tre kategorier; ”Presentation av gruppverksamhet”, ”Attityder” och ”Innehåll i gruppverksamhet”. Varje kategori hade även ett antal subkategorier. Tillsammans åskådliggjorde kategorierna vad män med prostatacancer ansåg att en rehabiliteringsgrupp som Rehabilitering med samtal och yoga [RSYG] ska innehålla samt hur den kan presenteras. Det mest överraskande resultatet var att av de män som tidigare inte deltagit i RSYG så var det flera som var intresserade av att delta och angav tidsbrist som främsta orsak till att de uteblivit. Slutsats: För att män skall delta i RSYG krävs inte enbart ett väl utformat flygblad eller en god synlighet, inte heller räcker det med att vårdpersonal säger åt männen att gå till RSYG, utan innehållet i Rehabilitering med samtal och yoga bör även individanpassas då alla män inte lider av samma symptom då de har och behandlas för prostatacancer. Anhöriga bör även involveras då de också påverkas av männens sjukdom och en blandning av alla dessa strategier bör därför prövas och utvärderas. / Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how a support group, offering psychosocial support and physical activity to men diagnosed with prostate cancer, should be presented and what it should comprise of. Method: A qualitative descriptive approach was used. Five individual interviews and one focus group interview were conducted. All interviews were semi-structured and recorded. Main results: The content analysis of the interviews resulted in the following three categories; “Presentation of the support group”, “Attitudes” and “Content of the support group”. Each category had a number of subcategories assigned to them. Together, the categories described the views of men, diagnosed with prostate cancer, regarding the presentation and the content of Rehabilitation with conversation and yoga [RSYG]. The most surprising result was that several men, who had not participated in RSYG, expressed an interest in participating. Their main reason to not having participated was lack of time. Conclusion: In pursuit of more participants for RSYG, the persons in charge must not only design an appealing flyer or become more visible to the men. Nor is it enough that other health professionals, such as doctors and nurses, order the men to attend. The content of the support group must become more adaptable to the individual needs of the men since every man suffers different symptoms from prostate cancer. The spouses of the men should be included in the support group since they too get affected by the cancer. A mix of the strategies mentioned above should be tried and evaluated.

Aim. Accurate correlations between a wide range of physical fitness measures and occupational demands are needed in order to identify specific fitness tests and training needs for firefighters. Methods. Forty-eight experienced, professional firefighters (29 ± 7.24 yrs) participated in fitness and job performance testing sessions each spaced a week apart. Analysis was performed using Pearson moment correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression with alpha set at p≤.05. Results. Significant correlations (p≤.01) were found between a job performance task (Revised Grinder) and the following: lean muscle mass (r = -.69), overall fitness (r = -.62), height (r = -.62), strength endurance: deadlift (r = -.54), bent-over row (r = -.51), bench press (r = -.51), shoulder press (r = -.46); maximal strength: hand grip strength (r = -.57), bench press (r = -.51), anaerobic capacity: 400m (r = .50), and aerobic capacity: multistage shuttle run (r = -.46). Multiple linear regression determined that lean muscle mass and aerobic capacity account for 82% of the variation in the job performance task. Conclusion. It is apparent that firefighting taxes virtually all aspects of physical fitness. This data can help the exercise specialist choose appropriate tests and prescribe specific fitness programmes for firefighters. Traditional firefighter exercise programmes focusing mainly on cardiovascular fitness should be replaced with physical conditioning programmes that address all components of fitness. Cardiovascular fitness testing should include the performance of job-related tasks to improve test validity. / Thesis (M.Sport Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2012.

The physical education of physical education students of the VPU is carried out during the academic sports training and during the training session of a chosen sport. The number of hours of academic sports training differs in the course of four years as well as differ the sports skills of every student. Therefore a scientific problem and a practical need to establish if the system of sports studies by branches has the influence on the level of sports students education, and to identify the changes in third and fourth year of studies, after the students have been through the study programs and have adjusted themselves to the social environment, arise. The goal of the paper is to analyze the indexes of speed, jumping ability and power of the physical education students and to establish their level and changes occurring in the third and the fourth year. One of the key tasks during the physical training is to develop the need in a student for physical education, to form motives which encourage his/her physical activeness, self-development and self-expression. The third year students of physical education, both male and female, were checked up at the laboratory of the VPU in the middle of every academic year. The results of the investigation showed, that the study programs of physical education students, which cover lectures and training, supports or inconsiderably increase the indexes of speed, power , ability to jump and by this provider the opportunity for normal... [to full text]

This study examined the metabolic and thermal responses of 14 firefighters during four repeated work bouts of treadmill exercise in a thermoneutral laboratory, working at an intensity similar to typical firefighting tasks (30-34 ml·kg-1·min-1), while wearing firefighting protective equipment and breathing from a self-contained breathing apparatus. Each work bout consisted of treadmill walking at 93.8 m·min-1 and 8% grade for 8 min followed by 4 min of passive rest. Oxygen consumption remained unchanged between all four work bouts (p>0.05). Ventilation increased significantly (p<0.05) during the first three work bouts from 57.1 (±3.1) to 68.7 (±2.7) L·min-1. Percent heart rate reserve increased significantly (p<0.05) during each work bout, from 76.0 (±1.8) % HRR during the first to 97.2 (±1.1) % HRR during the fourth work bout. Core temperature increased significantly (p<0.05) during each work bout from 36.87 (±0.07) to 38.87 (±0.10) °C from the first to the fourth work bout, as did some of the psychophysiological measures.