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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Condicionamento fisiológico de sementes de pimentão com biorreguladores / Bell pepper seed priming with bioregulators

Silva, Clíssia Barboza da 07 August 2015 (has links)
A emergência rápida e uniforme de plântulas em campo constituem pré-­ requisitos essenciais para o sucesso da produção comercial de sementes de hortaliças. Um dos principais problemas enfrentados por produtores de pimentão refere-­se à germinação lenta e estabelecimento de estande desuniforme, o que ressalta a importância do desenvolvimento de técnicas que visem aprimorar o desempenho de lotes de sementes. Com o objetivo de verificar a eficiência do condicionamento fisiológico de sementes de pimentão associado a biorreguladores sobre o potencial fisiológico das sementes, foi desenvolvida esta pesquisa utilizando dois cultivares, AF-6 e AF-7, representados por três e quatro lotes de sementes, respectivamente. Foram investigados possíveis efeitos do condicionamento com 24- epibrassinolídeo, ácido giberélico ou o bioestimulante Stimulate®. As sementes foram avaliadas quanto à germinação e vigor, incluindo observações de atividade enzimática das sementes e análises de parâmetros de crescimento de plântulas utilizando o software SVIS®. Por fim, o tratamento considerado promissor, condicionamento com 24-epibrassinolídeo na concentração de 10-8 M, foi avaliado quanto ao crescimento radicular das plantas, eficiência pela utilização do condicionamento em sistema de tambor, e comportamento das sementes durante o armazenamento. Diversos benefícios foram verificados após o condicionamento utilizando 24-epibrassinolídeo a 10-8 M, sobretudo a velocidade de germinação das sementes, atividade de enzimas antioxidantes e hidrolíticas, crescimento e uniformidade de desenvolvimento das plântulas. O condicionamento com 24- epibrassinolídeo a 10-8 M também favoreceu o desempenho dos lotes de sementes durante o armazenamento. A inclusão desse biorregulador no condicionamento em sistema de tambor é eficiente para o tratamento comercial de sementes de pimentão. / Rapid and uniform seedling emergence in field are essential for successful commercial production of vegetables. One of the main problems faced by bell pepper growers is the slow germination and uneven stand establishment, which highlights the importance of developing techniques that improve the performance of seed lots. In order to evaluate the efficiency of seed priming with bioregulators on physiological potential of bell pepper seeds, this research was developed using two cultivars, AF-6 and AF-7, represented by three and four seed lots, respectively. Possible effects of seed priming using 24-epibrassinolide were compared to gibberellic acid, and Stimulate®. Germination and vigor evaluations were carried out, including analysis of seed enzymatic activity and parameters of seedlings growth using the SVIS® software. At the end, the most promising treatment, seed priming with 24- epibrassinolide of 10-8 M was evaluated regarding to plant root growth, drum priming and seed performance during storage. Several benefits were verified after seed priming with 24-epibrassinolide, especially on germination speed, antioxidant and hydrolytic enzymes as well as seedling growth and uniformity development. Primed seeds with 24-epibrassinolide also showed better performance during seed storage. This bioregulador can be used during drum priming for commercial bell pepper seed treatment.
2

Condicionamento fisiológico de sementes de pimentão com biorreguladores / Bell pepper seed priming with bioregulators

Clíssia Barboza da Silva 07 August 2015 (has links)
A emergência rápida e uniforme de plântulas em campo constituem pré-­ requisitos essenciais para o sucesso da produção comercial de sementes de hortaliças. Um dos principais problemas enfrentados por produtores de pimentão refere-­se à germinação lenta e estabelecimento de estande desuniforme, o que ressalta a importância do desenvolvimento de técnicas que visem aprimorar o desempenho de lotes de sementes. Com o objetivo de verificar a eficiência do condicionamento fisiológico de sementes de pimentão associado a biorreguladores sobre o potencial fisiológico das sementes, foi desenvolvida esta pesquisa utilizando dois cultivares, AF-6 e AF-7, representados por três e quatro lotes de sementes, respectivamente. Foram investigados possíveis efeitos do condicionamento com 24- epibrassinolídeo, ácido giberélico ou o bioestimulante Stimulate®. As sementes foram avaliadas quanto à germinação e vigor, incluindo observações de atividade enzimática das sementes e análises de parâmetros de crescimento de plântulas utilizando o software SVIS®. Por fim, o tratamento considerado promissor, condicionamento com 24-epibrassinolídeo na concentração de 10-8 M, foi avaliado quanto ao crescimento radicular das plantas, eficiência pela utilização do condicionamento em sistema de tambor, e comportamento das sementes durante o armazenamento. Diversos benefícios foram verificados após o condicionamento utilizando 24-epibrassinolídeo a 10-8 M, sobretudo a velocidade de germinação das sementes, atividade de enzimas antioxidantes e hidrolíticas, crescimento e uniformidade de desenvolvimento das plântulas. O condicionamento com 24- epibrassinolídeo a 10-8 M também favoreceu o desempenho dos lotes de sementes durante o armazenamento. A inclusão desse biorregulador no condicionamento em sistema de tambor é eficiente para o tratamento comercial de sementes de pimentão. / Rapid and uniform seedling emergence in field are essential for successful commercial production of vegetables. One of the main problems faced by bell pepper growers is the slow germination and uneven stand establishment, which highlights the importance of developing techniques that improve the performance of seed lots. In order to evaluate the efficiency of seed priming with bioregulators on physiological potential of bell pepper seeds, this research was developed using two cultivars, AF-6 and AF-7, represented by three and four seed lots, respectively. Possible effects of seed priming using 24-epibrassinolide were compared to gibberellic acid, and Stimulate®. Germination and vigor evaluations were carried out, including analysis of seed enzymatic activity and parameters of seedlings growth using the SVIS® software. At the end, the most promising treatment, seed priming with 24- epibrassinolide of 10-8 M was evaluated regarding to plant root growth, drum priming and seed performance during storage. Several benefits were verified after seed priming with 24-epibrassinolide, especially on germination speed, antioxidant and hydrolytic enzymes as well as seedling growth and uniformity development. Primed seeds with 24-epibrassinolide also showed better performance during seed storage. This bioregulador can be used during drum priming for commercial bell pepper seed treatment.
3

Tratamento de sementes de feijão com tiametoxam / Treatment of bean sedds whis bioactivador

Almeida, Andréia da Silva 09 March 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_andreaia_almeida.pdf: 4886995 bytes, checksum: 1cf2623c6eaf29879b76b9acfb79b1e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-09 / Insecticides and fungicides are often studied to their efficiency in controlling pests and diseases, however can cause physiological effects little known that can affect crop growth. Thiamethoxan is a systemic insecticide from the neonicotinoid group, nitroguanidine family, which acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of insects, damaging their nervous system, leading them to death. This insecticide, that is widely used for controlling pests and sucking insects, has bioactivator effect, since even in the absence of pests, promotes an increase in vigor and development in treated plants. It is believed that the effects of thiamethoxan in plants are indirect, because it acts in the genes expression responsible for metabolic enzymes activation and synthesis, related to plant growth, by modifying amino acids and plant hormones precursors production. There is a number of studies with thiamethoxan in the way to determine the effects on metabolism and development of plants, but the results are not clear, showing strong interaction between cultivars, stress conditions and nutrient availability. Due to the wide use of the insecticide thiamethoxan in Brazilian agriculture, the study of this insecticide in order to know the metabolism changes in the plants, brings a great importance in the collection of knowledge to the agronomic and biological literature. In this context, the objectives were: to determine the effect of physiological performance of bean seeds treated with thiamethoxam. / Inseticidas e fungicidas geralmente são estudados quanto a sua eficiência no controle de pragas e doenças, entretanto podem provocar efeitos fisiológicos pouco conhecidos capazes de influenciar o desenvolvimento das culturas. O tiametoxam é um inseticida sistêmico do grupo dos neonicotinóides, da família nitroguanidina, que atua no receptor nicotínico acetilcolina de insetos, danificando o sistema nervoso dos mesmos, levando-os à morte. Este inseticida, largamente utilizado no controle de pragas iniciais e insetos sugadores, apresenta efeito bioativador, uma vez que mesmo na ausência da pragas, promove aumento em vigor e desenvolvimento nas plantas tratadas. Acredita-se que os efeitos do tiametoxam em plantas são indiretos, pois atuam na expressão dos genes responsáveis pela síntese e ativação de enzimas metabólicas, relacionadas ao crescimento da planta, alterando a produção de aminoácidos e precursores de hormônios vegetais. Existem alguns trabalhos com tiametoxam com o objetivo de verificar seus efeitos no metabolismo e desenvolvimento das plantas, mas os resultados ainda não são claros, evidenciando forte interação entre cultivares, épocas, condições de estresse e disponibilidade de nutrientes. Em função da grande utilização do inseticida tiametoxam na agricultura brasileira, o estudo deste agroquímico, no sentido de alterar o metabolismo e desenvolvimento de plantas, constitui-se de grande importância na agregação de informações à literatura biológica e agronômica. Neste contexto, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: verificar o efeito do desempenho fisiológico de sementes de feijão tratadas com tiametoxam.
4

Influence de l'environnement sur la structure et la dynamique du peuplement ichtyologique de la zone intertidale / Environmental influence on the fish and macrocustacean dynamic structure of the interdidal zone

Benazza, Achwak 23 May 2015 (has links)
Les zones intertidales jouent un rôle essentiel dans le renouvellement des ressources halieutiques. De nombreuses espèces marines, poissons comme macro-crustacés ont un cycle de vie qui leur impose de passer au cours de leur période juvénile par ces écosystèmes. De par sa position à l'interface terre-mer, la zone intertidale est soumise à d'importantes fluctuations des facteurs environnementaux. Cependant, la façon dont cet écosystème répond aux forçages environnementaux, notamment en ce qui concerne la composition et la structure des peuplements, leurs dynamiques et persistances saisonnières et interannuelles sont encore mal connues. En Manche Orientale, l'estran sableux représente plus de 70 % du littoral et constitue d'importantes zones de nourriceries pour les juvéniles de poissons. Dans ce contexte scientifique et régional, l'objectif global de cette thèse a été de décrire les assemblages des peuplements de poissons et de macro-crustacés de la zone intertidale et d'analyser l'influence de l'environnement sur les assemblages et la dynamique des espèces. Une telle étude a pour but de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de cet écosystème et de préciser son importance dans le cycle biologique des espèces marines, notamment des espèces d'intérêt halieutique. Une première partie de ce travail a permis de déterminer la composition et la variabilité des assemblages de poissons et de macro-crustacés en relation avec les fluctuations environnementales et climatiques. A partir d'un suivi à long terme (11 années) mais aussi saisonnier, nous avons mis en évidence une stabilité des assemblages des peuplements de la macrofaune (poissons et crustacés). A l'inverse les abondances présentent des fluctuations interannuelles et saisonnières en relation avec des facteurs comme la NAO, la température, la salinité ou encore la turbidité. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous avons analysé si les variations des conditions environnementales de la zone intertidale pendant la période printanière sont d'ordre à affecter les performances physiologiques et la survie des juvéniles qui colonisent cet écosystème. Nous avons focalisé notre étude sur l'espèce de poisson dominante et la zone intertidale, la plie "Pleuronectes platessa". Différents indices qui reflètent les performances physiologiques des juvéniles (croissance et indices de conditions) ont été mesurés sur les juvéniles de plie tout au long de la période de colonisation. Les résultats montrent que la croissance récente, la condition K et l'état nutritionnel (ARN/ADN) des juvéniles de poissons sont élevés tout au long de la période de colonisation des juvéniles et présentent peu de variations intra- et interannuelles, indiquant que l'estran offre des conditions favorables au développement et à la survie des juvéniles de poisson et par conséquent à leur recrutement. Malgré l'importance du bloom de "Phaeocystis globosa" dans la région et de ses fortes variations interannuelles, nous n'avons pas constaté d'effets de ce bloom sur les assemblages, les abondances ou encore les performances physiologiques des poissons. / Intertidal areas provide an essential habitat to fish and macrocrustaceans. These systems are particularly used by juveniles of many fish and macrocrustacean species as nurseries because of the potential advantages they provide for the growth and survival of young fish, namely high prey availability, refuge from predators and good environmental conditions. These habitats are in permanence subject to strong environmental and human fluctuations.Therefore, the comprehension of the functioning and the conservation of the sandy beaches are necessary to maintain the biodiversity and to guarantee the renewal of the fisheries. It is in this framework that our study oriented us to determine the importance of the environmental factors on one hand on the dynamic of the ichtyofauna and on the other hand on physiological performances of the juveniles of fish on the intertidal zones of the English Channel. First, this work allowed us to determine the composition and variability of the fish and macrocrustaceans assemblages in relationship with the environmental and climatic fluctuations. According to our results, the importance of the role of the intertidal habitats of the English Channel in the renewal of the fisheries was proved. Standard qualitative community ecology metrics (species composition, richness, diversity, evenness and similarity) indicated notable inter-annual stability over the study period. Afterward, a 2nd part of this study was consecrated to the seasonal study of the assemblages and the impact of the environmental changes. Our results allowed us to demonstrate that abiotic and climatic factors (mainly temperature, salinity, suspended matter and the winter NAO) have a great influence on the structure of fish and macrocrustacean assemblages but also the impact of Phaeocystis globosa blooms on the population structure. To better understand the nursery functions, the study of physiological performances of juvenile common plaice Pleuronectes platessa during the spring period on the intertidal zone was discussed in order to understand if changes in the environment have an impact on their healthy development. For this, we analyzed various indices that reflect the physiological performance of juvenile common plaice (growth and condition indeces). The results show that the recent growth, the Fulton's K and nutritional ratio RNA/DNA juvenile fish are high throughout the juvenile period of colonization, indicating that nurseries are favorable to the development and survival of fish and therefore their recruitment. Finally, all the work presented shows that the environment of the intertidal areas of the Eastern English Channel is favorable to good life cycle course of marine fish fauna.

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