Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-124).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2008. / "Graduate Program in Entomology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-139).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:35:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silvajunior_taf_me_botfca.pdf: 480549 bytes, checksum: f7d5fb8db585125d630421fa598b3be8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Recentemente, em dois campos comerciais de tomateiro dos tipos Salada e Italiano, localizados respectivamente em Bragança Paulista e Mogi Guaçú, SP, foram observados sintomas de queima generalizada nas folhas. Em observações ao microscópio óptico de tecidos infectados foi constatada a presença de exsudação bacteriana. Isolamentos realizados em meio de cultura permitiram obter bactérias com formato bastonete, Gramnegativas, com colônias de coloração branca e produtoras de pigmento fluorescente em meio B de King. Isolados bacterianos foram submetidos a testes bioquímicos e fisiológicos, entre eles, LOPAT, sendo enquadrados no grupo III de LOPAT (- + - - +) e, portanto, identificados como sendo Pseudomonas cichorii. Esses resultados foram corroborados por testes serológicos de imunofluorescência indireta, com antissoros produzidos para isolado tipo de P. cichorii. Esta bactéria causa doença em várias culturas de importância econômica e ainda não havia sido constatada em nosso país, na cultura do tomateiro. Isolados bacterianos encontramse depositados na Coleção de Culturas de Fitobactérias do Instituto Biológico, sob os números de acesso IBSBF 2309 e IBSBF 2323. Foram desenvolvidos também estudos visando a determinação da gama de hospedeiras e a reação de 28 genótipos de tomateiro aos isolados de P. cichorii. Plantas de abobrinha, alface, beldroega, berinjela, beterraba, cenoura, couvebrócolo, datura, fumo, girassol, jiló, melão, pepino, petúnia, pimentão, rabanete, repolho, rúcula, salsa e tomateiro, no estágio de um par de folhas verdadeiras, foram inoculadas por pulverização com os isolados IBSBF 2309 e IBSBF 2323 e um isolado de P. cichorii de girassol (GIR-1). Os isolados IBSBF 2309 e IBSBF 2323 mostraram-se patogênicos à beldroega, à datura, ao girassol, ao pimentão e ao tomateiro, enquanto que o isolado de girassol foi... / Recently, generalized blight symptoms were observed in tomato leaves of the Salada and Italiano types, in two commercial fields located, respectively, in Bragança Paulista and Mogi Guaçú, SP, Brazil. The presence of bacterial exudation was verified in observations of infected tissues under the optical microscope. Rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria were obtained from isolations in culture medium; the colonies were white and produced fluorescent pigment in King's B medium. Bacterial isolates were submitted to biochemical and physiological tests, including LOPAT, and were classified into LOPAT group III (- + - - +); consequently, they were identified as Pseudomonas cichorii. These results were corroborated by indirect immunofluorescence tests, using antisera produced for the type isolate of P. cichorii. This bacterium causes diseases in several crops of economic importance and had not yet been observed in tomato in Brasil. Bacterial isolates were deposited in Phytobacteria Culture Collection of Instituto Biológico, under accession numbers IBSBF 2309 and IBSBF 2323. Studies were also carried out in order to determine the host range and reaction of 28 tomato genotypes to P. cichorii isolates. Caserta pumpkin, lettuce, purslane, eggplant, beet, broccoli, carrot, Jimson weed, sunflower, tobacco, scarlet eggplant, melon, cucumber, petunia, green pepper, radish, cabbage, arugula, parsley, and tomato plants, all with one pair of true leaves, were spray-inoculated with isolates IBSBF 2309 and IBSBF 2323 and one P. cichorii isolate from sunflower (GIR-1). Isolates IBSBF 2309 and IBSBF 2323 were pathogenic to purslane, Jimson weed, sunflower, green pepper, and tomatoe, while the sunflower isolate was only pathogenic to purslane, Jimson weed, and sunflower, but not to green pepper or... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bacterial canker of stone fruit, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, is one of the most destructive crop diseases in South Africa. Chemical control has failed completely and effective long-term management strategies will have to rely on the breeding of resistant host trees. To assist in such breeding programmes, investigations into the molecular basis of the interaction between P. s. pv. syringae and stone fruit trees have been undertaken in collaboration with the ARC-Fruit, Wine and Vine Research Institute in Stellenbosch. The aim of this dissertation was to clone and identify genes that are involved in interaction between the bacterial canker pathogen and stone fruit trees. In the first part of the study, the harpin encoding gene of a local strain of the pathogen, P. s. pv. syringae NV, was amplified in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy with primers based on the hrpAZB sequences of the bean pathogen, P. s. pv. syringae 61. Sequencing of this hrpZpssNvgene revealed a high degree of homology (96%) between the harpin encoding genes and harpin proteins of the two strains. The hrpZpssNvgene was subsequently cloned into the pMAL-c2 expression vector and expressed in Escherichia co/i. This system was used for the production of purified, biologically active, recombinant HrpZpSSNV protein. In the second part of the study, differential display (DD) technology was used to identify genes that are induced in stone fruit trees in response to P. s. pv. syringae and/or its harpin elicitor. For this purpose, actively growing shoots of two Prunus sa/icina cultivars, the moderately resistant cv. 'Laetitia' and the highly susceptible cv. 'Songold' were treated with recombinant harpinpssNvprotein or live P. s. pv. syringae NV bacteria. An untreated control and wounding control was included in the experiment. Total RNA was isolated for comparative mRNA analysis 24 hours after treatment. DD profiles were generated with fifteen primer combinations. Eight candidate bands were re-amplified, cloned and sequenced. Reverse transcription PCR was employed to verify the expression patterns of the cloned bands in the original RNA sample set. Two bands, DDc and DD4 were shown to be differentially expressed between treatments and/or cultivars, while no differences in the expression levels of the remaining six bands (DDa, DDe, DD3, DD5, DD6 and DD7) were observed. BLAST similarity searches yielded significant matches for DDe, DD4 and DD7 with plant defense-related genes. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Bakteriese kanker van steenvrugte, wat deur Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae veroorsaak word, is een van die mees verwoestende siektes van landbougewasse in Suid-Afrika. Chemiese beheermaatreëls het geheel en al misluk en effektiewe langtermyn beheerstrategieë sal op die teling van weerstandbiedende gasheerbome moet staatmaak. Ondersoeke na die molekulêre basis van die interaksie tussen P. s. pv. syringae en steenvrugbome is in samewerking met die LNR-Vrugte-, Wyn- en Wingerdnavorsingsinstituut in Stellenbosch van stapel gestuur om tot sulke telingsprogramme by te dra. Die doelwit van hierdie proefskrif was om gene wat betrokke is in die interaksie tussen die bakteriese kanker patogeen en steenvrugbome te kloneer en te identifiseer. In die eerste gedeelte van die studie is die harpien-koderende geen van 'n plaaslike ras van die patogeen, P. s. pv. syringae NV, geamplifiseer in 'n polimerase kettingreaksie (PKR)-strategie met peilers wat op die hrpAZB-geenopeenvolgings van die boontjiepatogeen, P. s. pv. syringae 61, gebaseer is. Volgordebepaling van hierdie hrpZpssNv-geen het 'n hoë vlak van homologie (96%) tussen die harpien-koderende gene en harpien proteïene van die twee rasse getoon. Die hrpZpssNv-geen is vervolgens in die uitdrukkingsvektor pMAL-c2 gekloneer en uitgedruk in Escherichia coli. Hierdie sisteem is vir die produksie van suiwer, biologies-aktiewe, rekombinante HrpZpssNv-proteingebruik. In die tweede gedeelte van die studie is die differensiaalvertoon (DD) tegniek gebruik om gene te identifiseer wat deur P. s. pv. syringae en/of sy harpien elisitar in steenvrugbome geïnduseer word. Vir hierdie doel is aktief-groeiende lote van twee Prunus sa/icina kultivars, die matig weerstandbiedende kv. 'Laetitia' en die hoogs vatbare kv. 'Songold', met rekombinante harpienpssNvproteïen of lewende P. s. pv. syringae NV bakterieë behandel. 'n Onbehandelde- en verwondingskontrole is in die eksperiment ingesluit. Totale RNA is 24 uur na behandeling vir vergelykende mRNA-analise geïsoleer. DD-profiele is met vyftien peilerkombinasies gegenereer. Agt kandidaatbande is geheramplifiseer en gekloneer, waarna hul DNA-opeenvolgings bepaal is. Trutranskriptase-PKR is gebruik om die ekspressiepatrone van die gekloneerde bande in die oorspronklike RNA monsters na te gaan. Daar is vasgestel dat twee van die bande, DDc en DD4, differensieel tussen kultivars en/of behandelings uitgedruk is, terwyl geen verskille in die ekspressievlakke van die oorblywende ses bande (DDa, DOe, 003, DOS, 006 en DO7) waargeneem is nie. BLAST-soektogte het betekenisvolle ooreenkomste vir DDe, DD4 en DD7 met plant weerstandsgeassosieerde gene opgelewer.

Resumo: Recentemente, em dois campos comerciais de tomateiro dos tipos Salada e Italiano, localizados respectivamente em Bragança Paulista e Mogi Guaçú, SP, foram observados sintomas de queima generalizada nas folhas. Em observações ao microscópio óptico de tecidos infectados foi constatada a presença de exsudação bacteriana. Isolamentos realizados em meio de cultura permitiram obter bactérias com formato bastonete, Gramnegativas, com colônias de coloração branca e produtoras de pigmento fluorescente em meio B de King. Isolados bacterianos foram submetidos a testes bioquímicos e fisiológicos, entre eles, LOPAT, sendo enquadrados no grupo III de LOPAT (- + - - +) e, portanto, identificados como sendo Pseudomonas cichorii. Esses resultados foram corroborados por testes serológicos de imunofluorescência indireta, com antissoros produzidos para isolado tipo de P. cichorii. Esta bactéria causa doença em várias culturas de importância econômica e ainda não havia sido constatada em nosso país, na cultura do tomateiro. Isolados bacterianos encontramse depositados na Coleção de Culturas de Fitobactérias do Instituto Biológico, sob os números de acesso IBSBF 2309 e IBSBF 2323. Foram desenvolvidos também estudos visando a determinação da gama de hospedeiras e a reação de 28 genótipos de tomateiro aos isolados de P. cichorii. Plantas de abobrinha, alface, beldroega, berinjela, beterraba, cenoura, couvebrócolo, datura, fumo, girassol, jiló, melão, pepino, petúnia, pimentão, rabanete, repolho, rúcula, salsa e tomateiro, no estágio de um par de folhas verdadeiras, foram inoculadas por pulverização com os isolados IBSBF 2309 e IBSBF 2323 e um isolado de P. cichorii de girassol (GIR-1). Os isolados IBSBF 2309 e IBSBF 2323 mostraram-se patogênicos à beldroega, à datura, ao girassol, ao pimentão e ao tomateiro, enquanto que o isolado de girassol foi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Recently, generalized blight symptoms were observed in tomato leaves of the Salada and Italiano types, in two commercial fields located, respectively, in Bragança Paulista and Mogi Guaçú, SP, Brazil. The presence of bacterial exudation was verified in observations of infected tissues under the optical microscope. Rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria were obtained from isolations in culture medium; the colonies were white and produced fluorescent pigment in King's B medium. Bacterial isolates were submitted to biochemical and physiological tests, including LOPAT, and were classified into LOPAT group III (- + - - +); consequently, they were identified as Pseudomonas cichorii. These results were corroborated by indirect immunofluorescence tests, using antisera produced for the type isolate of P. cichorii. This bacterium causes diseases in several crops of economic importance and had not yet been observed in tomato in Brasil. Bacterial isolates were deposited in Phytobacteria Culture Collection of Instituto Biológico, under accession numbers IBSBF 2309 and IBSBF 2323. Studies were also carried out in order to determine the host range and reaction of 28 tomato genotypes to P. cichorii isolates. Caserta pumpkin, lettuce, purslane, eggplant, beet, broccoli, carrot, Jimson weed, sunflower, tobacco, scarlet eggplant, melon, cucumber, petunia, green pepper, radish, cabbage, arugula, parsley, and tomato plants, all with one pair of true leaves, were spray-inoculated with isolates IBSBF 2309 and IBSBF 2323 and one P. cichorii isolate from sunflower (GIR-1). Isolates IBSBF 2309 and IBSBF 2323 were pathogenic to purslane, Jimson weed, sunflower, green pepper, and tomatoe, while the sunflower isolate was only pathogenic to purslane, Jimson weed, and sunflower, but not to green pepper or... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Antonio Carlos Maringoni / Coorientador: Luís Otávio Saggion Beriam / Banca: Margarida Fumiko Ito / Banca: Ricardo Gioria / Mestre

Phytophthora vignae, causal agent of stem and root rot of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), was reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. The pathogen was found in cowpea field soils from 3 of 5 geographic regions sampled. Only one site however, had plants exhibiting disease symptoms. Of the eight cowpea varieties grown in Sri Lanka, four were shown to be relatively resistant; all other legumes inoculated were completely resistant. Two morphologic and physiologic races of P. vignae were identified among the 24 isolates recovered, based on differential pathogenicity on cowpea varieties. Bacteria isolated from field soils, and other known bacterial biocontrol agents, inhibited P. vignae in culture, but only three Sri Lankan isolates considerably suppressed the disease in greenhouse tests. Volatile substances produced by most bacteria inhibited mycelial growth and sporangial production by P. vignae. The increased pH of the exposed medium suggested the involvement of ammonia. Volatile inhibitors were produced by these bacteria in soil, but only with added substrate; Strain DF-3101 also reduced oospore germination in soil. Cowpea plants inoculated with the VA mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus intraradices in P. vignae-infested soil were larger than non-mycorrhizal plants, but only at low levels of the pathogen. VAM colonization was reduced at high levels of the pathogen, and root infection by the pathogen was reduced by VAM. The fungicides metalaxyl, fosetyl-Al, Banrot, and Manzate-200DF reduced in vitro mycelial growth, but at different concentrations. Sporangia formation and germination, and oogonia formation by P. vignae, was reduced significantly by metalaxyl and fosetyl-Al. In greenhouse tests, metalaxyl, even at low concentrations, reduced disease; Fosetyl-Al was effective at high concentrations; Manzate-200DF was effective as a soil drench but not as a foliar spray; Banrot effectively reduced disease at 50 mg a.i./L. Exposure of a bacterial biocontrol agent to these fungicides in vitro did not affect its capacity to subsequently produce volatile inhibitors, but exposure to 10 ug/ml of metalaxyl and 50 ug/ml of Manzate-200DF reduced its capacity to subsequently inhibit mycelial growth of P. vignae. / Graduation date: 1991

Blast of pear caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae is one of the bacterial disease that limit pear production throughout the world. Symptoms are characterized by blast of buds and blossoms wich causes significant loss of fruit production, and necrotic spots on leaves or fruits. Control of bacterial blast of pear with chemicals is difficult and is based on copper compounds and antibiontics. However, its use is limited by the low efficacy, phytotoxicity to the plant or emerging resistance of the pathogen. The activity of several phosphonates (fosetil-Al, potassium phosphonate, etephon and fosfomycin) for control of P. syringae pv. syringae infection on pear was determined in this work, and laboratory models for studying P. syringae pv. syringae-pear interaction were developed / Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae és un bacteri que ha estat descrit com agent causant de diverses malalties en més de 200 especies vegetals. En perera causa la necrosi bacteriana, que afecta la majoria de zones productores de pera del món, provocant un debilitament dels arbres i una disminució de la productivitat. En el treball que es presenta s'ha determinat l’activitat de diversos fosfonats (fosetil-AI, fosfonat potàssic, etefon i fosfomicina) en el control de la infecció per P. syringae pv. syringae en perera. Per això s'han desenvolupat models d'estudi de la interacció P. syringae pv. Syringae-perera i s'han determinat els factors que afecten la interacció. Aquests models de laboratori, com que han permès conèixer aspectes concrets de la interacció hoste-patogen i definir de forma clara el tipus d'interacció, s'han aplicat a l'estudi de l'activitat dels fosfonats en la interacció P. syringae pv. syringae -perera i en el control de la malaltia

High, intermediate and low virulent strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis were isolated from cassava fields in Nigeria. Resistance to cassava bacterial blight (CBB) increased with age. CBB was established by as little as 10('4) CFU/mL inoculum, but general symptom severity and lesion length differences between resistant, intermediate and susceptible cultivars were greatest with 10('6) CFU/mL and leaf wilting with 10('8) CFU/mL. CBB increased shoot dry weight and foliar ion leakage; this increase was greater for potassium and magnesium than for sodium and calcium. Pathogen multiplication in leaves was least in the resistant cultivar and it spread to the stem only in the susceptible one. CBB reduced liquid flow in stem of resistant, intermediate and susceptible cultivars by 43, 35 and 96%, respectively. Flow in the healthy susceptible cultivar was double that in the more resistant cultivars. The number of non-functional vascular bundles in diseased plants was negatively correlated with liquid absorption and translocation.