L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier la prise en compte de phase de déséquilibre dans la commande pour la marche d'un robot bipède. Cette thèse est donc dédiée à l'analyse de stabilité pour des marches cycliques avec sous-actionnement. Un robot planaire à contact ponctuel avec le sol est étudié. Les outils d'analyse de stabilité de type méthode de Poincaré, Dynamique de Zéro et Dynamiques de zéro hybrides sont abordées. Deux lois de commande basées sur des mouvements articulaires de référence (fréquents en robotique) sont proposées et comparées avec une loi de commande de suivi de trajectoire articulaire (l'évolution temporelle étant libre). Ensuite le cas d'un robot bipède évoluant en 3D avec pieds est abordé. Nous avons fait le choix d'asservir explicitement la position du ZMP (Zero Moment Point). En conséquence, deux variables à asservir étant alors définies, le système est traité comme un système sous-actionné. Les approches développées précédemment sont alors reprises pour obtenir une marche stable. Un asservissement de l'orientation du pied en transfert est nécessaire pour assurer une bonne pose du pied. Par ailleurs, une loi de commande de direction est proposée afin de contrôler la direction de marche du robot pour passer par une porte et atteindre une destination avec une courbure douce. Enfin, la commande proposée est étendue à un robot bipède avec des bras et une marche incluant une phase de rotation autour de l'axe métatarsien en fin de phase de simple appui. On montre que la commande proposée s'étend naturellement à cette phase de déséquilibre grâce à l'asservissement du ZMP qu'elle contient, cette approche est validée par les résultats de simulation.

Call-response surveys were conducted to better delineate and estimate the population of the nationally threatened least bittern and their habitat requirements in southern Manitoba, Canada. Other marsh bird species whose populations are believed to be declining due to wetland loss throughout, or in parts of, their range were also surveyed including the American bittern, pied-billed grebe, sora, Virginia rail and yellow rail. Surveys were conducted during the 2003 and 2004 breeding seasons within 46 different wetlands. Least bitterns were encountered on 26 occasions at 15 sites within 5 wetlands. The sora was the most abundant and widely distributed target species and was encountered on 330 occasions in 39 of the 46 surveyed wetlands. Yellow rails were not detected during either survey year due to survey methodology. Use of the call-response survey protocol led to an increase in the numbers of all target species detected. This increase was more significant for the least bittern, sora and Virginia rail. Habitat was assessed as percent vegetation cover within a 50-m radius around the calling sites, and forest resource inventory data were used in a Geographic Information System to determine the landscape composition within a 500-m radius around the sites and within a 5-km radius around the wetlands surveyed. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the presence of the target species and the site and landscape characteristics. The target species responded differently to different site and landscape characteristics. Least bittern and pied-billed grebe selected areas with higher proportions of Typha spp. and tall shrubs; American bittern also selected areas with higher proportions of tall shrubs. At the 5-km scale, the American bittern responded positively to the amount of wetland and some positive trends were also detected for the pied-billed grebe. Sora and Virginia rail were not associated with any of the measured landscape characteristics. One of the most important steps towards the conservation of marsh bird species in Manitoba and elsewhere is the development, adoption, and implementation of a standardized survey protocol. Based on the results of the present study, I recommend that future surveys include both a passive and call-broadcast period for marsh bird species. Future surveys should be conducted in both the morning and evening and sites should be visited 3 times each during the breeding season. In southern Manitoba, call-response surveys should begin as early as the beginning of May to ensure the survey incorporates the period of peak vocalization. I recommend that future yellow rail surveys be conducted after dark. In this study many of the target species selected sites that had a greater area of wetland habitat surrounding them. Future wetland conservation efforts should focus on the protection and/or restoration of wetland complexes to ensure that remaining wetlands do not become smaller and increasingly isolated from one another. In addition, the Rat River Swamp was found to be the most productive marsh complex for least bittern in southern Manitoba. Measures should be taken to protect this area from future development and alteration.

Call-response surveys were conducted to better delineate and estimate the population of the nationally threatened least bittern and their habitat requirements in southern Manitoba, Canada. Other marsh bird species whose populations are believed to be declining due to wetland loss throughout, or in parts of, their range were also surveyed including the American bittern, pied-billed grebe, sora, Virginia rail and yellow rail. Surveys were conducted during the 2003 and 2004 breeding seasons within 46 different wetlands. Least bitterns were encountered on 26 occasions at 15 sites within 5 wetlands. The sora was the most abundant and widely distributed target species and was encountered on 330 occasions in 39 of the 46 surveyed wetlands. Yellow rails were not detected during either survey year due to survey methodology. Use of the call-response survey protocol led to an increase in the numbers of all target species detected. This increase was more significant for the least bittern, sora and Virginia rail. Habitat was assessed as percent vegetation cover within a 50-m radius around the calling sites, and forest resource inventory data were used in a Geographic Information System to determine the landscape composition within a 500-m radius around the sites and within a 5-km radius around the wetlands surveyed. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the presence of the target species and the site and landscape characteristics. The target species responded differently to different site and landscape characteristics. Least bittern and pied-billed grebe selected areas with higher proportions of Typha spp. and tall shrubs; American bittern also selected areas with higher proportions of tall shrubs. At the 5-km scale, the American bittern responded positively to the amount of wetland and some positive trends were also detected for the pied-billed grebe. Sora and Virginia rail were not associated with any of the measured landscape characteristics. One of the most important steps towards the conservation of marsh bird species in Manitoba and elsewhere is the development, adoption, and implementation of a standardized survey protocol. Based on the results of the present study, I recommend that future surveys include both a passive and call-broadcast period for marsh bird species. Future surveys should be conducted in both the morning and evening and sites should be visited 3 times each during the breeding season. In southern Manitoba, call-response surveys should begin as early as the beginning of May to ensure the survey incorporates the period of peak vocalization. I recommend that future yellow rail surveys be conducted after dark. In this study many of the target species selected sites that had a greater area of wetland habitat surrounding them. Future wetland conservation efforts should focus on the protection and/or restoration of wetland complexes to ensure that remaining wetlands do not become smaller and increasingly isolated from one another. In addition, the Rat River Swamp was found to be the most productive marsh complex for least bittern in southern Manitoba. Measures should be taken to protect this area from future development and alteration.

Conception et évaluation d’un modèle biomécanique, éléments finis, patient-spécifique, du pied humainApplications en podologie, orthopédie et diabétologieLe pied est une des structures les plus complexes du corps humain. Avec 28 os, 33 articulations et une centaine de structures ligamentaires, cette entité poly articulée est le résultat d’une hyperspécialisation ayant contribué à faire de l’homme l’unique primate totalement bipède. Quelque soit le relief, quelque soit le mouvement en cours, le pied transmet au tibia le bon vecteur force afin de finaliser le geste de la manière la plus précise et économe en énergie possible dans l’objectif de préparer l’action des segments sus jacents. Ainsi, en cas de lésion d’une des structures, l’ensemble du complexe pied doit pouvoir s’adapter, si ce n’est pas le cas, les tissus mous, les articulations ou les os seront fragilisés et verront leur fonction propre au sein de ce complexe altérée.Prédire l’adaptation du pied à une modification structurelle, tissulaire, neurologique ou fonctionnelle est un enjeu important dans l’estimation du risque lésionnel.Afin d’initier une réponse à ces problématiques, nous avons décidé au cours de cette thèse de modéliser le pied humain avec des outils mathématiques de simulation biomécanique. Dans un premier temps, un modèle tridimensionnel musculo-squelettique du pied a été reconstruit à partir d’imagerie scanner. Le pied polyarticulé en multicorps rigides obtenu possède des articulations uniquement contraintes par les ligaments et contacts osseux. Les muscles ont été implémentés afin de piloter le modèle en dynamique directe. Enfin, les tissus mous comme les volumes musculaires, le gras et la peau ont été maillés en éléments finis. L’utilisation d’un environnement de programmation multi-physique open source (Artisynth) a permis de coupler la modélisation musculo-squelettique et éléments finis.• L’adaptation du pied au sol en orthostatisme a été évaluée par comparaison des cartographies de pression d’une mise en charge simulée avec la mise en charge réelle du sujet.• Le contrôle moteur du pied en chaine ouverte par l’activation des muscles extrinsèques a été évalué en comparant la cinématique du modèle biomécanique pilotée par électromyographie avec la cinématique capturée en laboratoire sur un mouvement d’abduction – adduction.• Nous avons ensuite cherché à comprendre comment une arthrodèse de cheville modifie la cinématique du pied à la contraction musculaire, l’objectif étant d’aider au réglage chirurgical du geste.• Enfin nous avons utilisé les dernières avancées sur la physiologie de la plaie de pression afin de prédire le risque d’ulcération sur un pied neuroarthropatique diabétique par simulation numérique.Le modèle ainsi que les routines de simulations mis en place nous permettent d’avoir un des modèles les plus aboutis du pied humain utilisant aussi bien des données physiques externes comme les données baropodométriques, les données d’analyse quantifiée du mouvement ou encore les données électromyographiques. Ce modèle permettra par l’intermédiaire d’outils de mesh-matching d’obtenir des modèles patients spécifiques. Les domaines d’applications porteront sur l’aide au geste chirurgical, la prévention des risques d’ulcération, l’analyse avancée des relations entre le pied et le membre inférieur, mais aussi l’aide à la conception de prothèse en orthopédie classique et en mécatronique. / Biomechanical modeling of the human foot. Application to the healthy and pathological subject.The foot is one of the more complex structures of the human body. With 28 bones, 33 joints and a hundred ligamentous structures, this articulated entity is the result of a hyper specialization that makes humans the only obligate bipedal primates. Whatever the terrain, whatever the current movement, the foot transmits to the tibia the right force vector to finalize the gesture in the most precise and efficient manner and prepares the action of the lower limb. Thus, in case of injury to one of the structures, the whole foot complex must adapt if it is not the case, soft tissues, joints or bones are fragile and will have their own function within this complex altered .Predicting the foot’s adaptation of a structural, tissue, neurological or functional modification is an important issue in estimating the risk lesion on locomotion, in the design of therapeutic footwear and orthotics of the degenerative foot, but also in the future of this complex in situations where the boundary conditions change like working in microgravity or foot exoskeleton coupling.To initiate a response to these problems, we decided during this thesis to model the human foot with mathematical tools for biomechanical simulation. Initially, a musculoskeletal three-dimensional model of the foot was reconstructed from computed tomography. The multi-articulated foot joints constraints obtained by ligaments and bone contact. The muscles have been implemented to control the model in direct dynamic. Finally, the soft tissues such as muscle volume, fat and skin were meshed into finite elements. Using a multi-physics open source programming environment (Artisynth) allowed to couple musculoskeletal modeling and finite elements.• Adapting the foot on the ground in upright posture was evaluated by comparing the pressure maps at a simulated load setting with the actual loading pressure map of the subject.• The motor control of foot in opened chain by activation of the extrinsic muscles was assessed by comparing the kinematics of the biomechanical model piloted by electromyography with kinematics captured in the laboratory on a movement of abduction - adduction.• We then sought to understand how an ankle arthrodesis alter the kinematics of the foot muscle contraction, with the aim of helping the surgical setting gesture.• Finally, we used the latest advances in the physiology of a pressure ulcer to predict the risk of ulceration on diabetic foot with Charcot neuro arthropathy by numerical simulation.The model and simulation routines in place allow us to have one of the most successful models of the human foot using both external physical data like pedobarographic data, motion analysis data or electromyography data. This model will allow through mesh-matching tool to obtain specific patient models. The fields of applications will focus on assisted surgery, prevention of ulceration, advanced analysis of relations between the foot and the leg, but also will help the prosthesis design in orthopedic and mechatronics.

Focusing on the legacies of the Algerian War of Independence (1954-62), this thesis challenges the perception that this was the ‘war without a name’ by exploring the ways in which memories have been preserved, mobilised, and transmitted by those who experienced the conflict, but who have generally operated under the radar of public consciousness. In particular, it examines the pieds-noirs, the former European settlers of Algeria, and the harkis, Algerians who fought for the French as auxiliaries during the war. Finding their lives in Algeria untenable upon independence, both populations migrated en masse to France where they have organised collectively as diaspora communities to challenge the hegemony of official narratives in order to legitimate their own interpretations of this contentious past. The purpose of such an investigation is to re-evaluate the conventional historical periodisation of a ‘forgotten’ war that made a dramatic return to public attention during the 1990s by revealing a continual presence of memory and commemorative activity within these communities. Through consultation of a wide range of sources, including extensive use of previously neglected audiovisual material, the historical recollections of these two communities are reconstructed in detail and examined from a comparative perspective. This thesis also seeks to analyse and historicize the present guerres de mémoire phenomenon whereby as the public profile of the war has risen in recent years, the different historical interpretations held by groups such as the pieds-noirs and harkis have increasingly come into open conflict, particularly over the issue of commemoration with each seeking to see their version of the past enshrined in official rituals and monuments. Finally, the thesis offers new historical context intended to contribute to enhancing understanding of the ongoing process by which France continues to ‘face up’ to its colonial past and deal with the complex contemporary legacies of this era.

Les instabilités de combustion induites par le couplage combustion-acoustique se produisent dans de nombreux systèmes industriels et domestiques tels que les chaudières, les turbines à gaz et les moteurs de fusée. Ces instabilités se traduisent par des fluctuations de pression et un dégagement de chaleur qui peuvent provoquer une défaillance mécanique ou des dégâts désastreux dans certains cas extrêmes. Ces phénomènes ont été largement étudiés par le passé, et les mécanismes responsables du couplage ont déjà été identifiés. Cependant, il apparaît que la plupart des systèmes se comportent différemment lors du démarrage à froid ou en régime permanent. Le couplage entre la température des parois et les instabilités de combustion reste encore méconnu et n’a pas été étudié en détail jusqu’à présent. Dans le cadre de ces travaux de thèse, on s’intéresse à ce mécanisme. Ces travaux présentent une étude expérimentale des instabilités de combustion pour une flamme laminaire de pré-mélange stabilisée sur un brûleur à fente. Pour certaines conditions de fonctionnement, le système présente un mode instable autour du mode de Helmholtz du brûleur. Il est démontré que l’instabilité peut être contrôlée, et même supprimée, en changeant uniquement la température de la surface du brûleur. Une analyse de stabilité linéaire peut être mise en œuvre afin d’identifier les paramètres jouant un rôle dans les mécanismes d’instabilité, et il est possible de modéliser analytiquement les phénomènes observés expérimentalement. Des études expérimentales détaillées de différents processus élémentaires impliqués dans le couplage thermo-acoustique ont été menées pour évaluer la sensibilité de ces paramètres à la température de la paroi. Enfin un modèle théorique du couplage entre le transfert de chaleur instationnaire à la paroi et la fluctuation du pied de flamme a été proposé. Par ailleurs, d’autres mesures expérimentales ont permis de comprendre les mécanismes physiques responsables de la dépendance de la réponse de la flamme à la température de paroi. / Combustion instabilities, induced by the resonant coupling of acoustics and combustion occur in many practical systems such as domestic boilers, gas turbine and rocket engines. They produce pressure and heat release fluctuations that in some extreme cases can provoke mechanical failure or catastrophic damage. These phenomena have been extensively studied in the past, and the basic driving and coupling mechanisms have already been identified. However, it is well known that most systems behave differently at cold start and in the permanent regime and the coupling between the temperature of the solid material and combustion instabilities still remains unclear. The aim of this thesis is to study this mechanism. This work presents an experimental investigation of combustion instabilities for a laminar premixed flame stabilized on a slot burner with controlled wall temperature. For certain operating conditions, the system exhibits a combustion instability locked on the Helmholtz mode of the burner. It is shown that this instability can be controlled and even suppressed by changing solely the temperature of the burner rim. A linear stability analysis is used to identify the parameters playing a role in the resonant coupling and retrieves the features observed experimentally. Detailed experimental studies of the different elementary processes involved in the thermo-acoustic coupling are used to evaluate the sensitivity of these parameters to the wall temperature. Finally a theoretical model of unsteady heat transfer from the flame root to the burner-rim and detailed experimental measurements permit to establish the physical mechanism for the temperature dependance on the flame response.

My thesis "The Analysis of the Genetic Source of the Prestice Black-Pie Pig" deals with the evaluation of the population of the Prestice Black-Pie pigs from the point of view of their numbers, the structure of their population and their reproductive qualities, using the data of the Association of Pig Breeders in Bohemia and Moravia. First the carcass value and meat quality of this original Czech meat bacon breed were evaluated and then a slaughter dissection and laboratory analyses of the meat from the analyzed group of pigs were done. The numbers of PBP pigs have increased significantly especially since 2012 and so has the number of the farms; however in many of them there are fewer than 10 PBP pigs. This is why the PBP pig breeding is rather fragmented and it is difficult to sustain sufficient genetic diversity of the closed population. This is also connected with unequal numbers of the 10 genealogical lines. The Akoga and Amperor lines were the most numerous. Since 2015 the numbers of pigs from different lines have been more balanced. In 2016 two sows from the renewed Apolon line, which had been born from a cryopreserved seed, were put in the farms. The influence of the line was evidential in the statistics: in reproduction as well in productive qualities. Therefore, to sustain sufficient genetic diversity in a small population we need to keep in the stock the maximum number of equally represented genealogical lines. A detailed analysis of reproductive indicators of the years 2013 - 2016 found 9.4 piglets born alive and 8.7 weaned piglets, the farrowing interval of 181 days, the average values of relevant indicators did not meet the requirements of the breeding objective; only one farm met them. Statistically speaking, there were significant differences between the individual farms. In bigger farms there were higher reproductive qualities. Between 1998 and 2016 the average daily gain in weight was 530 g for gilts, 578 g for boars, the muscle fibre ratio for gilts was 58.5 % and for boars 59.3 %, the back fat thickness was the same for both, 1.1 cm. The requirements of the breeding objective were met, except for the lower weight gain for gilts. The average daily weight gain between the years 2009 and 2013 for 577 gilts was 524 g, the average muscle fibre ratio was 59.1 % and the average back fat thickness was 1.03 cm; in all indicators there were statistically evidential differences between individual farms. In bigger farms the muscle fibre share was higher by 0.9 %. In a group of PBP pigs I studied the influence of slaughter weight and gender on carcass value. The statistics clearly showed that the bigger the slaughter weight was, the higher the back fat thickness was, and also the higher the weight of meat parts was, but the share of meat parts was reduced, and the area of MLLT increased, too. The slaughter weight had no influence on the muscle fibre share. The statistics also showed that with the increase in slaughter weight there was an increase in drip loss and the meat was tenderer. There was also a statistically inconclusive increase in intramuscular fat. The statistics also showed that the barrows in the analyzed group had a lot higher average daily gain, a statistically inconclusive higher back fat thickness, lower share of muscle fibre and a statistically conclusive lower share of ham and higher share of intramuscular fat. In the meat of the analyzed group of pigs I studied the content of fatty acids. There was a higher share of undersaturated fatty acids and a high share of n-6 PUFA:n-3 PUFA, which is not considered satisfactory from the nutritional viewpoint.

The main goal of all milk cattle breeders is herd making profit {--} the herd with good reproduction and consequent high production performance. Such a goal can only be reached if the herd is of quality genetic base. Cow{\crq}s milk performance is one of important factors influencing final economic results of milk production. The aim of this Diploma work was to examine lactation course and level as well as reproduction of high-performance Czech pied diary cows with regards to their genetic base. The diary cows (190 pieces) on lactation within 27th March 2008 {--} 13th June 2008 were examined. The examined cows were divided into three groups based on number of their lactation. These groups with cows on 1st, 2nd, 3rd lactation were further divided with regards to their genetic base into herd groups registered as C1 and C2. The sub-herd group C100 was isolated from C1 herd group. To each lactation group, 2{--}3 bulls were assigned based on the highest number of daughters in specific lactation group. Minimum criterion for bull assignment to lactation group was set on at least 5 daughters in the group. Reproduction performance was examined in these groups. The milk performance was evaluated based on 305 days usage, lactation curve persistence index and the lactation curve course in individual groups. The herd-group C2 with highest genetic base of diary breed proved the best results in all lactation groups with regards to reproductive performance. The best results were reached on 3rd lactation. The link between genetic base and reproduction performance of Czech pied cattle was not proved. Neither the link between genetic base and milk performance was proved. The influence of lactation number on most of examined factors was proved. The father{\crq}s influence on reproduction or milk performance was not clearly proved. However, the results may be distorted for lack of diary cows in groups examined under this criterion. Finally, the direct link between reproductive and milk performance was also not clearly proved. To summarize our results, we can state that the diary cows in examined herd were above the milk performance average of Czech pied cattle bred in Czech Republic. At the same time, the reproduction performance was just on average of Czech Republic.

Les problèmes liés à l'équilibre sont diagnostiqués à l'aide de systèmes de cartographies des pressions plantaires ou de plateformes de force mesurant le déplacement du centre de pressions. Ces systèmes professionnels sont restreints à une utilisation en milieu médical, et on constate qu'aucun dispositif de surveillance de l'équilibre ne donne entière satisfaction en termes de mobilité et d'acceptabilité. Dans le contexte de la télémédecine et de l'e-santé, notre objectif a consisté à développer des outils pour la surveillance ambulatoire de l'équilibre postural, et contribuer à la compréhension du contrôle de l'équilibre. Nous avons d'abord entrepris une étude théorique de la faisabilité de la mesure des pressions plantaires et du déplacement dynamique du centre de pression, à partir d'un nombre très réduit de capteurs. Nous avons proposé pour cela un modèle mécanique simplifié du pied, ainsi que les hypothèses spécifiques à ces applications. Le modèle décrit la relation physique entre la posture du pied et la répartition des pressions plantaires suivant ses caractéristiques biomécaniques. Sur la base d'un prototype de semelle instrumentée à 3 capteurs uniquement, nous avons vérifié expérimentalement la capacité du système et des méthodes à générer le stabilogramme et les cartographies de pressions plantaires. Ceux-ci ont été comparés à un système matriciel de référence, et caractérisés en termes d'incertitude dans le cas du pied normal en position debout et durant la marche. Les stabilogrammes ainsi mesurés peuvent être analysés pour caractériser la signature de l'équilibre. Nous proposons un modèle spécifique à trois dimensions, décrivant la dynamique de l'équilibre et permettant d'identifier, par simulation, les principaux paramètres physiologiques qui assurent le maintien de l'équilibre postural. / Problems of balance are often diagnosed thanks to plantar pressure cartography systems or forces platform that measure the center of pressure displacement. These professional systems are restricted in use to medical environments, and until now, the balance monitoring systems do not offer complete satisfaction in terms of mobility and acceptability. In order to overcome these limitation and in the context of telemedicine and e-health, we aimed to develop tools for ambulatory monitoring of postural equilibrium and to understand the balance control. We have first undertaken a theoretical study on the feasibility of measuring plantar pressure and dynamic displacement of the center of pressure, from a very small number of sensors. For these applications, we have proposed a simplified mechanical foot model, as well as related assumptions. The model describes the physical relationship between foot posture and distribution of plantar pressures following its biomechanical characteristics. Based on a prototype of an instrumented insole with only 3 sensors, we have verified experimentally the ability of the system and the methods to generate both the stabilogram and the plantar pressure maps. Comparison is made with a matrix reference system, and characterization in terms of uncertainty in the case of normal foot in standing position and during walking is detailed. The measured stabilogram can be analyzed to characterize the signature of balance. We have also proposed a specific three-dimensional model describing the dynamics of balance. Based on simulation, it leads to identify the main physiological parameters related to balance control.

Consacrée à l’analyse comparée du Cid (1661) et de La Parodie du Cid (1972), cette thèse porte sur la « relation critique » qui a été établie par le biais de la parodie entre les deux textes. Empruntée à Daniel Sangsue, l’expression met en évidence le fait que la réécriture parodique d’une œuvre n’est pas seulement un exercice de divertissement, mais une manière de réaliser une critique de l’intérieur, dont le résultat n’est pas une étude analytique, mais un texte littéraire. Néanmoins, si la parodie ne se limite pas à faire rire, elle se construit, certes, en contraste avec le texte parodié – le comique étant un élément fondamental de cette relation. Comme, de 1941 à 1972, la PDC a subi des modifications, une analyse comparée des versions est aussi devenue impérative pour notre étude. Dans ce cas, nous avons évalué si les changements effectués par le parodiste au fil des années ont contribué à une lisibilité accrue de la pièce et à son adaptation à un public changeant. Écrite en Algérie française et en pataouète, la PDC a exigé également une mise en place des enjeux spécifiques de la pièce et de son époque. C’est pour cela que les rapports entre colonie et métropole aussi qu’entre les différents composants de l’ordre colonial sont ici convoqués et problématisés. Notre hypothèse est que la PDC est – selon une formulation de Sangsue – une « critique en acte», puisque se rapprochant du modèle cornélien, Brua prend aussi ses distances, produisant un texte nouveau. / Devoted to a comparative analysis of Le Cid (1661) and La Parodie du Cid (1972), this thesis focuses on the "critical relationship" that has been established through parody between the two texts. Borrowed from Daniel Sangsue, the concept of parody highlights the fact that the parodic rewriting of a text is not merely an exercise for entertainment, but a way of performing a critique from within, the result of which is not an analytical study, but a literary text. Nevertheless, if the parody is not limited to making people laugh, it is certainly built in contrast with the parodied text - the comic being a fundamental element of this relationship. As the PDC underwent changes between 1941 and 1972, a comparative analysis of the versions of the play also became imperative for our study. In this case, we assessed whether the changes made by the parodist over the years contributed to the increased readability of the play and its adaptation to a changing audience. Written in French Algeria and in Pataouète, the PDC also required a set of the specific issues of the play and its time. This is why the relationship between the colony and metropolis as well as between the different components of the colonial order is summoned and problematized here. Our hypothesis is that PDC is – according to a formulation of Sangsue – a "critique in act", since approaching the Cornelian model, Brua also distances himself, producing a new text.