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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
231

Energeticky disperzní rentgenová spektroskopie dopovaných vláken PVDF / Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of doped PVDF fibers

Smejkalová, Tereza January 2021 (has links)
Tato diplomová práce zkoumá flexibilní materiál k produkci elektřiny založený na piezoelektrickém polymeru Polyvinylidenfluorid (PVDF). Inkorporací piezoaktivní keramiky lze vlastnosti piezoelektrického polymeru PVDF významně zlepšit a převést na užitečnou elektrickou energii. PVDF byl vytvořen elektrostatickým zvlákňováním do vláken o tloušťce 1,5-0,3 µm a poté studován různými analytickými metodami. Tato práce nabízí popis elektrostatického zvlákňování, přípravu vzorků a teoretický úvod do analytických metod, kterým byly vzorky podrobeny. Morfologie a distribuce nanostrukturované keramiky do polymerní matrice PVDF byla pozorována použitím skenovací elektronové mikroskopie (SEM) a energiově disperzní spektroskopie (EDX). Pro tvorbu fáze a podrobné fázové složení byly vzorky charakterizovány infračervenou spektroskopií s Fourierovou transformací (FTIR). Práce také obsahuje analýzu s použitím Ramanovy spektroskopie, metody používané k identifikaci a porovnání chemických sloučenin. Elektrické vlastnosti byly studovány dielektrickou spektroskopií a je poskytnuta korelace se složením. Jednotlivé komponenty dotovaných vláken jsou charakterizovány a vyhodnocovány v souvislosti s jejich budoucím využitím v senzorech.
232

Měření náhradního obvodu piezoelektrického rezonátoru / Measurment of Equivalent Circuit of Piezoelectric Resonator

Vomočil, Vojtěch January 2010 (has links)
This theis deals with the general overview of the piezoelectric theory, focused both on the mathematical description and on the attributes of piezoelectric materials. It further focuses on the description of piezoelectric resonators with a more detailed explantation of their equivalent scheme and measurement methods of its single elements. The practical part of the thesis rests on the proposal of a measurement apparatus which will serve to measuring the equivalent circuit piezoelectric resonator elements. The realization of the apparatus and its functionality testing are described. In the experimental part of the thesis, the measured rates are processed and levels of the electric equivalent circuit elements of the used piesoelectric resonator for the basic and the two higher closest resonance frequency are set. The measured results are compiled into a standard measurement protocol. This thesis should place basics to the growing laboratory. It should also be a source of necessary theoretical and practical information for this lab.
233

Využití piezo-materiálu pro získávání elektrické energie z vibrací / Using of Piezo-material for Energy Harvesting from Vibration

Hanus, Jiří January 2009 (has links)
Master’s Thesis deals with obtaining electricity from the vibrations of the surrounding environment through piezoelectric vibration generator. To simulation piezoceramics and design mechanical parts of the generator was used simulation program ANSYS 10.0. First, parameters of the designed piezoelectric generator were numerically calculated, and then these values were compared with the real sample. Further work is in the description of material properties of piezo materials.
234

Piezoelektrisk energiskördning för oregelbundna lågfrekventa rörelser / Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting for Irregular Low Frequency Motions

Bogren, Oliver, Olofsson, Simon January 2016 (has links)
Energiskördning är idag ett växande område och är framstående sett till hållbarhetsaspekterna. Vibrationsbaserad sådan har blivit allt populärare där man kan utnyttja mekanisk energi från olika källor till att generera elektrisk energi. Piezoelektricitet fungerar enligt denna princip och piezoelektrisk energiskördning har varit ett område som fler och fler utnyttjar på grund av dess effektivitet, exempelvis till trådlösa sensornätverk. Ett krav på att piezoelektrisk energiskördning ska fungera optimalt är att vibrationerna sker med en satt frekvens utan större variation, ofta i väldigt höga frekvenser. Syftet med detta projekt är att anpassa denna teknik till mänskliga rörelser vilket kan göra den mer användbar och ett tänkt ändamål kan vara ett demonstrationsexempel för oregelbundna rörelser vid låga frekvenser, precis som mänskliga rörelser. Utmaningen lägger därmed i att utveckla en piezoelektrisk energiskördare som har ett frekvensområde inom mänskliga rörelsers frekvenser på 4 till 7 Hertz, där effektiviteten fortfarande kan vara hög. Detta har beprövats med vibrationsplatta. Vad som observerades var att med flera piezoelektriska material på konsolbalkar i kolfiber av olika dimensioner med olika vikter längst ut, uppstod ett frekvensområde inom mänskliga området med höga spänningar. För att göra det möjligt behövdes vikterna ha en stor massa av upp till hundratals gram så att resonansfrekvenserna kunde vara inom nämnt frekvensområde. Då piezoelektriska material ger en växelspänning, måste spänningen likriktas. Detta gjordes med två olika gränssnitt med ett mönsterkort tillverkat för vardera. Dessa gränssnitt är ett klassiskt som helt enkelt likriktar spänningen, medan den andra, Parallel Synchronized Switch Harvesting on the Inductor (P-SSHI), ska maximera spänningen och effekten. Det visade sig att det inte blev lika lyckat som planerat. Det klassiska gränssnittet gav en likspänning som var nästan lika hög som den inmatade växelspänningen medan det inte gällde för P-SSHI. / Today energy harvesting is an area on the rise and is outstanding in regards to the environmental aspects. Vibration based energy harvesting has become popular where it uses mechanical energy from different sources to produce electrical energy. Piezoelectricity operates according to this principle and piezoelectric energy harvesting has been an area more are using because of its efficiency, with applications such as wireless sensor networks. One demand for piezoelectric energy harvesting to work optimally is that the vibration source must have a well known frequency with minor deviations and this in usually very high frequencies. The purpose of this thesis is to adapt this technology to human motions which could make it even more useful and a proposed usage is a demo product for irregular motions of low frequency, just like human motions. The challenge is hence to create a piezoelectric energy harvester which has a frequency range within the human motions’ frequencies of 4 to 7 Hertz, where the efficiency still could be high. This has been tested using a vibration exciter. What was noticed was that with multiple piezoelectric materials on cantilever beams of carbon fibre with different dimensions and tip masses, a frequency range within human range with high voltages could be created. To make this possible, the masses needed to have a significant mass of up towards hundreds of grams in order for the resonance frequencies to be within the stated frequency range. As the piezoelectric materials provide an AC voltage, the voltage needs to be rectified. This was done with two different interfaces with a PCB created for each. These interfaces are a classic one which simply rectifies the voltage, while the other, Parallel Synchronized Switch Harvesting on the Inductor (PSSHI), is supposed to maximize the voltage and power. This did not turn out to be as successful as predicted. The classical interface delivered a DC voltage almost as much as the provided AC voltage while the P-SSHI interface did not.
235

Integrated nano-optomechanics in photonic crystal / Nano-optomécanique intégrée dans les cristaux photoniques

Zhu, Rui 16 September 2019 (has links)
Les oscillateurs de référence de haute pureté sont actuellement utilisés dans un grand nombre d’applications allant du contrôle de fréquence aux horloges pour les radars, les GPS et l’espace... Les tendances actuelles dans ce domaine requièrent des architectures miniaturisées avec la génération de signaux directement dans la gamme de fréquences d’intérêt, autour de quelques GHz. Récemment, de nouvelles architectures basées sur les principes de l’optomécanique ont vu le jour dans ce but. De tels oscillateurs optomécanique génèrent non seulement des signaux hyperfréquences directement dans la gamme de fréquences GHz avec éventuellement un faible bruit de phase, mais permettent également un degré élevé d'intégration sur puce. Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans cette démarche. L’oscillateur optomécanique étudié se compose de cavités à cristaux photoniques suspendues couplées à des guides d’ondes silicium sur isolant intégrés dans une architecture tridimensionnelle. Ces cavités abritent des modes optiques fortement confinés autour de 1550nm et des modes mécaniques dans le GHz. De plus, ces structures présentent un recouvrement spatial entre phonon et photon élevé. Il en résulte un couplage optomécanique amélioré. Cette force de couplage optomécanique améliorée est ici sondée optiquement sur des structures à cristaux photoniques de conception optimisée. Ces cavités sont réalisées dans des matériaux semi-conducteurs III-V dont la piézoélectricité nous permet d'intégrer des outils supplémentaires pour sonder et contrôler les vibrations mécaniques via un pilotage capacitif, piézoélectrique ou acoustique. Ce contrôle total des modes mécaniques et de l’interaction optomécanique ouvre la voie à la mise en œuvre de circuits intégrés pour le verrouillage par injection et des boucles de rétroaction permettant de réduire le bruit de phase de l’oscillateur. / High purity reference oscillators are currently used in a wide variety of frequency control and timing applications including radar, GPS, space... Current trends in such fields call for miniaturized architectures with direct signal generation in the frequency range of interest, around few GHz. Recently, novel optomechanically-enhanced architectures have emerged with this purpose. Such optomechanically-driven oscillators not only generate microwave signals directly in the GHz frequency range with possibly low phase noise but also are amenable to a high degree of integration on single chip settings. This PhD work falls within this scope. The optomechanically-driven oscillator under study consists of suspended photonic crystal cavities coupled to integrated silicon-on-insulator waveguides in a three-dimensional architecture. These cavities harbor highly-confined optical modes around 1,55 µm and mechanical modes in the GHz and most importantly, feature a high phonon-photon spatial overlap, all resulting in an enhanced optomechanical coupling. This enhanced optomechanical coupling strength is here probed optically on photonic crystal structures with optimized design. These cavities are hosted in III-V semiconductor materials whose piezoelectricity enable us to integrate additional tools for probing and controlling mechanical vibrations via capacitive, piezoelectric or acoustic driving. This full control over the mechanical modes and optomechanical interaction, paves the way towards the implementation of integrated injection locking circuits of feedback loops for reducing the phase noise of the oscillator.
236

The Role of Interface in Crystal Growth, Energy Harvesting and Storage Applications

Ramesh, Dinesh 12 1900 (has links)
A flexible nanofibrous PVDF-BaTiO3 composite material is prepared for impact sensing and biomechanical energy harvesting applications. Dielectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and barium titanate (BaTiO3)-PVDF nanofibrous composites were made using the electrospinning process based on a design of experiments approach. The ultrasonication process was optimized using a 2k factorial DoE approach to disperse BaTiO3 particles in PVDF solution in DMF. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the microstructure of the fabricated mesh. The FT-IR and Raman analysis were carried out to investigate the crystal structure of the prepared mesh. Surface morphology contribution to the adhesive property of the composite was explained through contact angle measurements. The capacitance of the prepared PVDF- BaTiO3 nanofibrous mesh was a more than 40% increase over the pure PVDF nanofibers. A comparative study of dielectric relaxation, thermodynamics properties and impact analysis of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and 3% BaTiO3-PVDF nanofibrous composite are presented. The frequency dependent dielectric properties revealed micro structural features of the composite material. The dielectric relaxation behavior is further supported by complex impedance analysis and Nyquist plots. The temperature dependence of electric modulus shows Arrhenius type behavior. The observed non-Debye dielectric relaxation in electric loss modulus follows a thermally activated process which can be attributed to a small polaron hopping effect. The particle induced crystallization is supported with thermodynamic properties from differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) measurements. The observed increase in piezoelectric response by impact analysis was attributed to the interfacial interaction between PVDF and BaTiO3. The interfacial polarization between PVDF and BaTiO3 was studied using density functional theory calculations and atomic charge density analysis. The results obtained indicates that electrospinning offers a potential way to produce nanofibers with desired crystalline nature which was not observed in molded samples. In addition, BaTiO3 can be used to increase the capacitance, desired surface characteristics of the PVDF nanofibers which can find potential application as flexible piezoelectric sensor mimicking biological skin for use in impact sensing and energy harvesting applications.
237

Ferroelectric domains in potassium sodium niobate thin films: impact of epitaxial strain on thermally induced phase transitions

von Helden, Leonard 26 July 2019 (has links)
Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die experimentelle Untersuchung der Verspannungs-Temperatur-Phasenbeziehungen in epitaktischen KxNa1-xNbO3 Dünnschichten, sowie deren Zusammenhang mit ferro- und piezoelektrischen Eigenschaften. Die präsentierten Ergebnisse ermöglichen es KxNa1-xNbO3 Dünnschichten für neuartige technologische Anwendung zu optimieren. Zunächst wird eine detaillierte strukturelle Untersuchung der ferroelektrischen Domänenstruktur in epitaktischen K0.7Na0.3NbO3 Schichten auf (110) TbScO3 vorgestellt. Eine Analyse der ferroelektrischen Domänenstruktur mittels lateral aufgelöster Piezoresponse-Kraftmikroskopie (PFM) zeigt vier Arten von Superdomänen. Durch die ergänzende Untersuchung der zweidimensionalen und dreidimensionalen Abbildung des reziproken Raumes mittels hochauflösender Röntgenbeugung (HR-XRD) wird nachgewiesen, dass dieses Domänenmuster mittels monokliner Einheitszellen in einem MC Domänenmodell beschrieben werden kann. Im Anschluss an die strukturelle Untersuchung wurden die elektromechanischen Eigenschaften der KxNa1-xNbO3 Schichten auf (110) TbScO3untersucht. Mittels Doppelstrahl-Laserinterferometrie (DBLI) wurde ein makroskopischer effektiver piezoelektrischer Koeffizient von bis zu d33,f = 23 pm/V nachgewiesen. Zudem wurden Oberflächenwellen-Experimente (SAW) durchgeführt. Diese zeigten außergewöhnlich hohe Signalstärken. Um die Temperatur der ferroelektrischen Phasenübergänge gezielt einstellen zu können, wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen epitaktischer Verspannung und der Phasenübergangstemperatur untersucht. Dazu wurden KxNa1-xNbO3 Schichten mit unterschiedlicher Verspannung gewachsen. Die Änderung der Domänenstruktur und der piezoelektrischen Eigenschaften aufgrund von Temperaturänderung wurde in-situ durch temperaturabhängige PFM, HR-XRD und DBLI Messungen untersucht. Die Untersuchung zeigte, dass die Übergangstemperatur des Übergangs von der MC- in die c-Phase mit zunehmender kompressiver Verspannung kontinuierlich um mehr als 400 °C abnahm. / The subject of this thesis is the experimental investigation of the strain-temperature-phase relations in epitaxial KxNa1-xNbO3 thin films and their connection to ferro- and piezoelectric properties. This will enable the optimization of KxNa1-xNbO3 layers for novel technological devices. First, a detailed structural investigation of the ferroelectric domain structure in epitaxial K0.7Na0.3NbO3 films on (110) TbScO3 is presented. An analysis of the ferroelectric domain structure with laterally resolved piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) reveals four types of superdomains. By complementary two-dimensional and three-dimensional high resolution X-ray reciprocal space mapping this domain pattern is proven to be describable by an MC domain structure with monoclinic unit cells. Subsequently to the structural investigation, the electromechanical properties of KxNa1-xNbO3 layers on (110) TbScO3 were investigated. Double beam laser interferometry (DBLI) revealed a macroscopic effective piezoelectric coefficient of up to d33,f = 23 pm/V. Furthermore, surface acoustic wave (SAW) experiments were performed. They exhibited extraordinary signal intensities. In order to be able to selectively tune such phase transition temperatures, the correlation between epitaxial strain and the phase transition temperature was investigated. For this purpose, KxNa1-xNbO3 films with different compressive strain conditions were grown. The change of domain structure and piezoelectric properties upon temperature variation was investigated in-situ by temperature-dependent PFM, HR-XRD and DBLI measurements. The transition temperature between the MC- and c-phase was shown to continuously decrease by more than 400 °C with increasing compressive strain.
238

From Synthesis to Piezoelectric Studies of Central-Ring-Substituted Bent-Core Liquid Crystals and Their Composites

Diorio, Nicholas John, Jr. 29 July 2013 (has links)
No description available.
239

Methods for Improving the Piezoelectric and Energetic Performance of nAl/P(VDF-TrFE) Composites

Cohen Thomas Ves Nunes (17405389) 17 November 2023 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">Piezoelectric polymers and ceramics have applications throughout many fields, including their use as pressure sensors and transducers. Of the polymers, poly(vinylidene fluoride – trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)), has been the go-to for its high piezoelectric performance. With the addition of aluminum nanopowders (nAl), P(VDF-TrFE) acts as a binder and oxidizer, creating an energetic composite, a so-called piezoenergetic. However, this typically results in lower d<sub>33</sub> coefficients and can have lower reactivity since ideal mixtures may short when poled. Here, we develop and demonstrate single-layer and multilayer polymer composite films with high piezoelectric and energetic content. We prepared single-layer thin film piezoelectric energetic composites of nAl and P(VDF-TrFE) and a combination of thermal annealing and poling at elevated temperatures enabled full poling of 9 wt.% nAl/P(VDF-TrFE) films with d<sub>33</sub> of 22.7 pC/N that is comparable to P(VDF-TrFE) films. We also investigated the addition of barium titanate (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>) particles as a piezoelectric ceramic to enhance the d<sub>33</sub> coefficient. In the neat polymer, BaTiO<sub>3</sub> had differing effects depending on the particle size, with 200 nm particles improving the d<sub>33</sub> coefficient more than the 1 μm particles. However, neither size of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> particle had a substantial effect on the piezoelectricity in the 9 wt.% nAl/P(VDF-TrFE) films. We also prepared hot-pressed, three-layer “sandwich” P(VDF-TrFE) – 30 wt.% nAl/P(VDF-TrFE) – P(VDF-TrFE) composites, which had marginally lower d<sub>33</sub> coefficients than the single-layer 9 wt.% nAl/P(VDF-TrFE) films. However, the 30 wt.% nAl/P(VDF-TrFE) sandwich films were far more energetic than the 9 wt.% nAl/P(VDF-TrFE) films, as confirmed by simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC/TGA) and deflagration studies. The single films will often fail to fully sustain a deflagration, while the sandwich films burn completely. In addition, we can ignite the sandwich samples with an electrical discharge making these films also useful in ignition applications. To demonstrate the use of piezoenergetic films, 9 wt.% nAl/P(VDF-TrFE) single layer and 30 wt.% nAl/P(VDF-TrFE) sandwich films were calibrated as pressure gauges using a mini drop weight setup, and then demonstrated as a pressure gage. The improvements in the piezoelectric coefficient of the 9 wt.% nAl/P(VDF-TrFE) single layer films, as well as the energetic performance in the form of the 30 wt.% nAl/P(VDF-TrFE) sandwich films strongly amplify the existing potential of these multifunctional composites in energetic and pressure sensing applications.</p>
240

Electroactive Environments for Mesenchymal Stem Cells Osteogenic Differentiation

Guillot Ferriols, María Teresa 30 December 2022 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [ES] El aumento de la esperanza de vida conlleva la aparición de problemas muscoloesqueléticos afectando a la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Las nuevas terapias regenerativas óseas se centran en el uso de las células madre mesenquimales, MSCs, encargadas de la regeneración del tejido in vivo. La inducción de un fenotipo osteogénico prediferenciado in vitro, previo a la implantación de las MSCs, resulta en una mejor capacidad de regeneración del tejido óseo. Habitualmente se han empleado medios de diferenciación osteogénica que contienen dexametasona. Estos métodos son poco eficientes, por lo que el uso de métodos físicos está adquiriendo relevancia. El hueso es un tejido con propiedades piezoeléctricas debido a las fibras de colágeno que forman parte de su matriz extracelular. Este estímulo ha sido relacionado con su capacidad de responder al estrés mecánico y autoregenerarse, donde juegan un papel importante las MSCs. Éstas se encuentran en un entorno electroactivo, y son precisamente estas señales físicas las que pueden influir en su proceso de diferenciación osteogénica pudiendo ser empleadas para su prediferenciación in vitro de forma efectiva. Para comprobar esta hipótesis, en la presente Tesis Doctoral se han diseñado soportes de cultivo piezoeléctricos en 2 y 3 dimensiones basados en el uso del polímero piezoeléctrico polifluoruro de vinilideno (PVDF) combinados con partículas magnetostrictivas de ferrita de cobalto (CFO). Esta combinación permite la estimulación de los soportes de cultivo aplicando un campo magnético con un biorreactor. Este campo magnético genera la deformación del componente magnetostrictivo, que es transmitida a la matriz polimérica, deformándola y generando un campo eléctrico. Ésta última es transmitida a las células cultivadas en estos soportes para estudiar su efecto sobre la diferenciación osteogénica. En el primer capítulo se desarrollaron y caracterizaron membranas electroactivas de PVDF fabricadas por el método de separación de fases inducida por no-solventes. Se empleó etanol como no-solvente, dando lugar a membranas homogéneas altamente porosas. Estas cristalizan en fase g. Se optimizó un recubrimiento basado en la técnica capa a capa (LbL), empleando recombinámeros similares a la elastina (ELRs) que contenían secuencias de adhesión celular RGD. Se estudió la respuesta celular inicial de las MSCs y se comparó con los mismos soportes recubiertos únicamente con fibronectina adsorbida. La presencia de los ELRs es necesaria para promover la adhesión inicial de las MSCs en este tipo de soportes. En el segundo capítulo se combinó el PVDF con CFO, usando agua como no-solvente. Las membranas eran no simétricas, con una superficie lisa, que fue empleada para cultivo celular, con una mayoría en fase b, la más electroactiva. Se recubrieron y caracterizaron las membranas mediante LbL con colágeno tipo I y heparina. Se estudió el comportamiento de las MSCs sobre el LbL, resultando esencial para la proliferación celular en el caso de las membranas PVDF-CFO. En el capítulo tres se desarrollaron films de PVDF y PVDF-CFO cristalizados en presencia del líquido iónico [Bmim][Cl]. La presencia de éste indujo la nucleación del PVDF en fase b. Las MSCs eran capaces de adherirse y proliferar. Se realizaron ensayos de estimulación piezoeléctrica empleando un biorreactor magnético. Las MSCs respondieron a la estimulación incrementado la longitud de sus adhesiones focales, así como reduciendo la vimentina en el citoplasma. Finalmente, se diseñaron soportes de cultivo piezoeléctricos en 3D. Para ello se desarrollaron microesferas de PVDF y PVDF-CFO mediante la técnica de electropulverizado. Las microesferas se encapsularon en hidrogeles de gelatina junto con las MSCs. Se estimularon y tras 7 días, se observó un incremento en la expresión del factor de transcripción RUNX2 en las muestras estimuladas demostrando que la estimulación piezoeléctrica es capaz de activar en mayor medida la diferenciación de las MSCs. / [CA] L'augment de l'esperança de vida comporta l'aparició de problemes muscoloesquelètics afectant la qualitat de vida dels pacients. Les noves teràpies regeneratives òssies es centren en l'ús de les cèl·lules mare mesenquimals, MSCs, encarregades de la regeneració del teixit in vivo. La inducció d'un fenotip osteogènic prediferenciat in vitro, previ a la implantació de les MSCs, resulta en una millor capacitat de regeneració del teixit ossi. Habitualment s'han fet servir mitjans de diferenciació osteogènica que contenen dexametasona. Aquests mètodes són poc eficients, per la qual cosa l'ús de mètodes físics està adquirint rellevància. L'os és un teixit amb propietats piezoelèctriques a causa de les fibres de col·lagen que formen part de la seva matriu extracel·lular. Aquest estímul ha estat relacionat amb la capacitat de respondre a l'estrès mecànic i autoregenerar-se, on juguen un paper important les MSCs. Aquestes es troben en un entorn electroactiu, i són precisament aquests senyals físics els que poden influir en el seu procés de diferenciació osteogènica podent ser emprats per a la seva prediferenciació in vitro de manera efectiva. Per comprovar aquesta hipòtesi, a la present tesi doctoral s'han dissenyat suports de cultiu piezoelèctrics en 2 i 3 dimensions basats en l'ús del polímer piezoelèctric polifluorur de vinilidè (PVDF) combinats amb partícules magnetostrictives de ferrita de cobalt (CFO). Aquesta combinació permet l'estimulació dels suports de cultiu aplicant un camp magnètic amb un bioreactor. Aquest camp magnètic genera la deformació del component magnetostrictiu, que és transmesa a la matriu polimèrica, deformant-la i generant un camp elèctric. Aquesta última és transmesa a les cèl·lules cultivades en aquests suports per estudiar-ne l'efecte sobre la diferenciació osteogènica. En el primer capítol es van desenvolupar i caracteritzar membranes electroactives de PVDF fabricades pel mètode de separació de fases induïda per no solvents. Es va emprar etanol com a no-solvent, donant lloc a membranes homogènies altament poroses. Aquestes cristal·litzen en fase g. S'optimitzà un recobriment basat en la tècnica capa a capa (LbL), emprant recombinàmers similars a l'elastina (ELRs) que contenien seqüències d'adhesió cel·lular RGD. Es va estudiar la resposta cel·lular inicial de les MSCs i es va comparar amb els mateixos suports recoberts únicament amb fibronectina adsorbida. La presència dels ELR és necessària per promoure l'adhesió inicial de les MSCs en aquest tipus de suports. En el segon capítol es va combinar el PVDF amb CFO, usant aigua com a no-solvent. Les membranes eren no simètriques, amb una superfície llisa, que va ser emprada per a cultiu cel·lular, amb una majoria en fase b, la més electroactiva. Es van recobrir i caracteritzar les membranes mitjançant LbL amb col·lagen tipus I i heparina. Es va estudiar el comportament de les MSCs sobre el LbL, resultant essencial per a la proliferació cel·lular en el cas de les membranes PVDF-CFO. Al capítol tres es van desenvolupar films de PVDF i PVDF-CFO cristal·litzats en presència del líquid iònic [Bmim][Cl]. La seva presència va induir la nucleació del PVDF en fase b. Les MSCs eren capaces d'adherir-se i proliferar. Es van realitzar assajos d'estimulació piezoelèctrica emprant un bioreactor magnètic. Les MSCs van respondre a l'estimulació incrementant la longitud de les seves adhesions focals, així com reduint la vimentina al citoplasma. Finalment, es van dissenyar suports de cultiu piezoelèctrics en 3D. Per això es van desenvolupar microesferes de PVDF i PVDF-CFO mitjançant la tècnica d'electropolveritzat. Les microesferes es van encapsular en hidrogels de gelatina juntament amb les MSCs. Es van estimular i després de 7 dies, es va observar un increment en l'expressió del factor de transcripció RUNX2 a les mostres estimulades demostrant que l'estimulació piezoelèctrica és capaç d'activar més la diferenciació de les MSCs. / [EN] Life expectancy increase entails the presence of musculoskeletal disorders producing a substantial impact on patient's quality of life. New bone regenerative therapies are focused on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the main effectors of bone regeneration in vivo. Over the years, it has been demonstrated that the induction of a pre-differentiated phenotype in vitro, before MSCs implantation, results in a better capacity for bone tissue regeneration. For this purpose, biochemical approaches based on the use of osteogenic differentiation medium containing dexamethasone have traditionally been used. These methods are not efficient, which has favoured the use of physical methods as an alternative. Bone is a piezoelectric tissue due to the collagen fibres that conform its extracellular matrix. This stimulus has been related to its ability to respond to mechanical stress and self-regenerate, a process in which MSCs play a key role. MSCs are subjected to an electroactive environment. It is hypothesised that these physical signals may influence their osteogenic differentiation process and be used to effectively pre-differentiate them in vitro. To test this hypothesis, along this Doctoral Thesis, piezoelectric cell culture supports have been designed in 2 and 3 dimensions based on the use of the piezoelectric polymer poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF) combined with magnetostrictive cobalt ferrite oxide (CFO) nanoparticles. This combination allows the stimulation of culture supports by applying a magnetic field with a bioreactor. This magnetic field induces the deformation of the magnetostrictive component, which is transmitted to the polymeric matrix, generating a deformation and producing an electric field, which is transmitted to the MSCs to study its effect on their osteogenic differentiation. In the first chapter, electroactive PVDF membranes manufactured by the non-solvent induced phase separation technique were developed and characterised. Ethanol was used as a non-solvent, which gave rise to highly porous homogeneous membranes crystallised in the g phase. A coating protocol based on the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique, using elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) containing RGD cell adhesion sequences, was optimised. MSCs' initial cellular response was studied and compared with the membranes coated with adsorbed fibronectin. The presence of the ELRs was necessary to promote MSCs' initial adhesion in this type of support. In the second chapter, PVDF was combined with CFO, using water as a non-solvent. The membranes were not symmetrical, with a smooth surface used for cell culture, with a majority in phase b, the most electroactive. Membranes were coated and characterised by LbL with type I collagen and heparin. The behaviour of MSCs on LbL was studied, essential for cell proliferation in the case of PVDF-CFO membranes. In chapter three, PVDF and PVDF-CFO films crystallised in the presence of the ionic liquid [Bmim][Cl] were developed. The presence of ionic liquid induced PVDF nucleation in the b phase. MSCs were able to adhere and proliferate. Piezoelectric stimulation tests were performed using a magnetic bioreactor. MSCs responded to stimulation by increasing the length of their focal adhesions and reducing vimentin in the cytoplasm. Finally, 3D piezoelectric culture supports were designed. For this, PVDF and PVDF-CFO microspheres were developed using the electrospray technique. The microspheres were encapsulated in gelatin hydrogels together with the MSCs. They were stimulated, and after 7 days, an increase in the expression of the transcription factor RUNX2 was observed in the stimulated samples, demonstrating that piezoelectric stimulation is capable of activating the differentiation of MSCs to a greater extent. / La presente tesis doctoral no podría haberse realizado sin la financiación del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad a través de la beca para formación de personal investigador BES-2017-080398 y a la Agencia Estatal de Investigación a través de los proyectos PID2019-106000RB-C21 / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033, PID2019-106099RB- C41 y –C43 / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033. / Guillot Ferriols, MT. (2022). Electroactive Environments for Mesenchymal Stem Cells Osteogenic Differentiation [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/191003 / Compendio

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