Kiaulių elgsena sąlygojama įgimtų instinktų, pasireiškiančių pastoviais steriotipais budėjimo, poilsio miego, maitinimosi, dauginimosi, gimimo ir kitose būsenose. Atskiros elgsenos reakcijos kaip atsakas į vidinius ir išorinius dirgiklius reiškiamos aktyvumu, agresyvumu, hierarchinių pasiskirstymu grupėse, pirmenybe mitybos ir kitiems veiksmams, į kuriuos reikia atsižvelgti organizuojant gyvulių laikymą ir priežiūrą. Skirtingai nuo laukinių gentainių, didžiausiais kiaulių aktyvumas pasireiškia dieną. Dėl to visas technines gyvulių priežiūros operacijas reikia atlikti šviesiu paros metu ir sudaryti būtinas sąlygas jų poilsiui nakties metu. Tenka paminėti, kad fermų sąlygomis kiaulės guli apie 80% paros laiko, 10% laiko sugaišta maitinimuisi, o likusį 10% laiko – kitoms aktyvumo formoms (judėjimui, peštynėms, žaidimams ir kt.). Tarpusavio bendravimo tikslais kiaulės naudoja garsinius signalus bei uoslę, lytėjimą, klausą. Kiaulių uoslė yra daug kartų stipresnė nei žmogaus. Kiaulės dažnai atpažįsta žmones ar gyvūnus pasikliaudamos vien uosle. Jos taip pat gali užuosti baimės kvapą kurį išskiria žmonės. Taip paaiškinama kodėl kiaulės kriuksi pamatę žmogų. Priklausomai nuo kiaulių amžiaus, fiziologinės būklės kinta ir kiaulių elgsena. Tyrimo tikslas: įvertinti paršavedžių elgesenos ypatumus paršingumo metu, jas laikant vasaros stovykloje. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti paršavedžių įvairių elgsenos formų trukmę šviesiu paros metu; 2. Palyginti jaunų ir senų paršavedžių elgseną... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of work was to assess the behavioral features of sows. Objectives of work were: to determine the sows of different forms of behavior during the duration of daylight hours. Relatively calm and temperamental behavior of sows. Assess the flow behavior of the sows, depending on weather conditions.The study was carried out in vilage of Utenėlė, in pig farm. The study was concluded 15 pregnant Duroc breed sows group. The observation period was 15 days, 70–85 time the day. Fixed behavior of sows during the daylight hours, from 8 am. am to 18 pm. evening. Fixed basic behavior of the form: the activity, rest, aggression. Pregnant sows during the observation was considered as the summer camps, with moveable type of light, which was straw. Sows during the observation time was 1 moved into a new, grass grew enclosure. Data biometrics processed using the Windows operating system Excel spreadsheet Juozaitienė, V. Kerzienė. Calculated the arithmetic average of the error, the reliability (p). Observations were recorded for the three main types (Table 1) behavior, rest, the overall activity and aggression. Rest belonged to the behavior of sleeping, lying, sitting, activity - eating, drinking, walking, aggressive – all the conflict situations encountered among sows, at the time of observation. Sows of 68 percent. Total observation time spent lying and sleep compared the behavior of 1 to 7 were the result of a reliable (p <0,05). In most cases, the sow lying opted hangar, which was... [to full text]

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For economical and ecological reasons, efficiency and profitability ofswine production relies heavily on the way pigs utilize key nutrients such as P,which is considered a potential pollutant of water ecosystems. Although cerealgrains and oilseed meals contain enough P to fulfill the biological needs of pigs,most of this P is tightly bound as phytate. As pigs do not have enough phytase(PHY) to cleave P from phytate, it is excreted in the feces. To prevent adeficiency, diets have traditionally been supplemented with highly availableinorganic sources of P. Today, an environmentally-friendly alternative is tosupplement diets with PHY.Growth promoting antibiotics are also used to enhance the utilization ofdietary components such as energy and N. It has been suggested that theantibiotic virginiamycin (VIR) could also improve phytate-P utilization by pigs.Eight experiments evaluated the effects of VIR and/or PHY amendmentson digestibility, retention, excretion, growth, bone characteristics, meat traits, andileal microflora populations of growing pigs fed corn–soybean meal (SBM) diets(seven experiments) or corn-SBM-rice bran diets (one experiment). Additionally,a comparison between two digestibility procedures was conducted for two of theexperiments.On average, VIR improved P digestibility and total P excretion by 5.0%,and P retention as a percent of absorption by 1.0%. Phytase amendmentsimproved P digestibility between 14 and 27%, and P retention (as a % ofabsorption) between 0.7 and 2.5%. In the growth trial, VIR supplementation wasassociated with numerical differences favoring bone mineralization and ilealphytate-utilizing bacteria populations. These observations demonstrate additionalresearch is warranted with this antibiotic under conditions of higher stress andbacterial load in the environment.According to the comparisons between digestibility methods, a single grabfecal collection was not reliable. Further, a cumulative grab collection for fivedays was not as good an option as the total collection method.It is concluded that VIR does improve P utilization in pigs fed corn-SBMdiets not supplemented with inorganic P. Similar effects, but of greatermagnitude, were confirmed for PHY-amended diets with either normal or highlevels of phytate P.

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Typescript. / Bibliography: leaves 158-169. / Photocopy. / Microfilm. / xviii, 169 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library. / In human populations, perturbed growth in early life and ageing have been identified as risk factors for the development of Insulin resistance syndrome (IRS). The consequences of restricted prenatal growth on postnatal function have been investigated using numerous experimental models of intrauterine growth retardation, mainly in the rat. These studies have shown that some, but not all, aspects of postnatal function that are programmed in humans are also programmed in the rat. This study was designed to determine whether IRS develops with increasing age in the guinea pig as it does in the human and whether the development of the syndrome is more pronounced in aged offspring which have undergone spontaneous fetal growth restriction and accelerated growth in the neonatal period. It appeared that the guinea pig is a suitable animal model of ageing, displaying many of the metabolic, cardiovascular and anthropometric changes seen in humans. Furthermore, the effects of perturbed prenatal and early postnatal growth on the development of IRS in the aged guinea pig exhibit a sexually dimorphic pattern. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1297545 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, 2007

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Contact Lens Acute Red Eye (CLARE) and Infiltrative Keratitis (IK) are inflammatory responses of the eye associated with extended wear of soft contact lenses. Bacterial colonization of contact lenses with Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important risk factor for the development of these adverse responses. Strategies that control the bacterial colonization of contact lenses may help prevent the occurrence of adverse responses. This thesis aimed to develop an animal model of CLARE/IK to test this hypothesis and to test the effectiveness of contact lenses containing antimicrobial compounds, namely silver and furanone compounds, in controlling corneal inflammation caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A guinea pig model of contact lens wear was developed for the study and it was observed that the ocular responses to contact lens wear in the guinea pig were similar to those seen in human eyes wearing contact lenses. Also, three different models for CLARE/IK were developed and tested in the guinea pig eye. The pathological features of CLARE/IK in the guinea pig were virtually identical to those observed in human eyes. Bacterial contamination of contact lenses was confirmed to be a major risk factor for the development of CLARE/IK. Contact lenses containing nano-particles of silver demonstrated very good antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in-vitro. The silver lenses were able to control the development of CLARE/IK responses in one of the models for CLARE/IK. Silver lenses might be most effective if used to prevent the establishment of a biofilm of bacteria on a lens such as might occur during storage in a contact lens case. Contact lenses were coated with different concentrations of the furanone compounds by physical adsorption and demonstrated good antibacterial activity at higher concentrations. However these concentrations were cytotoxic in-vitro and lower concentrations of furanones did not possess adequate antibacterial activity to control CLARE/IK responses in-vivo. This thesis has successfully demonstrated that guinea pigs can be used to test the effects of extended wear of contact lenses and developed models to test the pathogenesis of adverse responses such as CLARE/IK. The CLARE/IK models developed could be used to further our understanding of the pathogenesis of these inflammatory conditions and explore the activity of other antimicrobials.